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1.
目的:以社会地位感知与地位消费倾向之间的关系为切入点考察自尊的恐惧管理.方法:首先,采用Rosenberg编制的自尊量表选取不同自尊水平被试,然后,通过回忆任务实验范式操纵被试的社会地位感知,最后,使用Eastman等编制的地位消费倾向量表对113名大学生进行测量.结果:①相对于高社会地位感知,低社会地位感知会激发个体更强的地位消费倾向.②在高社会地位感知水平上,高自尊与低自尊之间的地位消费倾向差异不显著;③在低社会地位感知水平上,相对于低自尊,高自尊地位消费倾向更强烈.结论:地位消费是一种恐惧管理策略,高自尊个体相对于低自尊个体具有更强的恐惧管理诉求.  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨个体内隐自尊及外显自尊对攻击的影响。方法采用自尊量表(SES)、自尊调查表(SEI)、Novaco愤怒问卷、攻击问卷及内隐联想测验等对来自江西2所大学的被试进行施测。结果①内隐自尊和外显自尊分别能预测个体的敌对反应(t=-2.098,P=0.043;t=-1.912,P=0.05);②外显自尊水平高时,个体的内隐自尊与Novaco愤怒问卷总分、身体攻击、口头攻击、愤怒、敌对各因子呈负相关,且与愤怒、敌对相关显著(P<0.05);③外显自尊水平低时,个体内隐自尊水平与口头攻击相关显著(P<0.05);④4组被试在口头攻击方面差异极为显著(F=10.907,P<0.001),外显自尊和内隐自尊不一致的两组在口头攻击上显著高于外显自尊和内隐自尊相一致的两组(P<0.05),同时外显自尊与内隐自尊都低的被试组又显著高于两者都高的被试组(P<0.05)。结论个体的外显自尊和内隐自尊两者均与个体攻击有关。  相似文献   

3.
<正>消极情绪修复动机指在消极情绪状态下,引导、激发和维持个体进行消极情绪修复活动的一种内在心理过程或内部动力~([1])。自尊是个体对自我的情感性评价,可分为外显自尊和内隐自尊,二者是两个相对独立的结构,共同构成个体对自我的整体态度~([2-6])。Greenwald的双重结构模型~([3])认为存在着高外显低内隐自尊(自大)、高外显高内隐自尊(自信)、低外显低内隐自尊(自卑)、低外显  相似文献   

4.
中师生自尊水平与心理健康的相关研究   总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14  
自尊是人们对自己的价值、长处、重要性总体的情感上的评价,作为自我意识的核心部分,对个体心理发展具有重要影响。关于自尊与心理健康之间的关系始于弗洛伊德的临床观察。20世纪80年代末90年代初,自尊研究更加深入广泛,有关自尊与心理健康的关系的研究成为一种新的倾向。Harter等人的研究发现,抑郁情绪与低自尊之间存在着高度的相关[1]。Higgirs的“自我不一致理论”指出,青少年的自我不一致,使他们表现出低水平的自尊,这往往是导致抑郁、焦虑等心理症状的原因之一[2]。国内有关调查结果表明当前中师生群体心理健康总体水平较…  相似文献   

5.
<正>自尊是个体对其在竞争能力、个人成就和自我价值的判定等多个领域中的自我意识的评估[1]。有研究显示,与正常对照儿童相比,注意缺陷多动障碍(attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)患儿具有低自尊的表现[2]。本文对ADHD患儿的行为问题与自尊的关系进行研究。  相似文献   

6.
目的:了解吸毒者对毒品内隐态度、外显自尊和内隐自尊的特点,探讨对毒品内隐态度与外显、内隐自尊的关系。方法:采用单类内隐联想测验、Rosenberg自尊量表和内隐联想测验对吸毒组206人和正常对照组120人对毒品内隐态度、外显自尊和内隐自尊进行测量。结果:吸毒组与对照组对毒品均有消极的内隐态度,但吸毒组内隐态度的消极强度低于对照组;吸毒组外显自尊水平低于对照组,而内隐自尊水平与对照组差异不显著;吸毒组对毒品内隐态度与内隐自尊水平呈正相关(r=0.188),而与外显自尊水平相关不显著。结论:吸毒者对毒品内隐态度消极强度较正常个体低,吸毒者外显自尊水平也较正常个体低;吸毒者对毒品内隐态度与内隐自尊水平有关,而与外显自尊水平无关。  相似文献   

7.
探究基于个体生命意义感下,死亡提醒对大学生内隐、外显自尊的增强效应。采用2×2两因素组间设计。自变量一是生命意义感:高生命意义感、低生命意义感;自变量二是组别:死亡提醒操作组和非死亡提醒操作组。因变量是外显自尊和内隐自尊。结果发现不论生命意义水平高低,外显自尊均显著增强,而在低生命意义条件下,死亡提醒组的内隐自尊削弱了。研究更进一步揭示了死亡提醒与自尊的关系。  相似文献   

8.
外显自尊、内隐自尊与抑郁的关系   总被引:38,自引:2,他引:36  
目的:研究外显自尊、内隐自尊以及内隐自尊与外显自尊的不同组合与抑郁的关系。方法:先通过大规模测试筛选出抑郁状态组,再把抑郁状态组和正常组被试的外显自尊、内隐自尊分别进行调量,并对两者及其关系进行对比。结果:(1)抑郁状态下个体外显自尊水平显著地低于正常个体;(2)抑郁状态下个体内隐自尊水平和正常个体无显著差异;(3)对处于抑郁状态的个体而言,有内隐自尊高于外显自尊的倾向;对于正常个体而言,有外显自尊高于内隐自尊的倾向;(4)内隐自尊和外显自尊的分离状况在正常个体和处于抑郁状态的个体的身上显著不同。结论:抑郁状态的个体外显自尊水平低于正常个体,在内隐自尊上二者差异不显著,但内隐自尊和外显自尊的分离状况显著不同。  相似文献   

9.
大学新生的集体自尊、个体自尊与抑郁、焦虑的关系   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
目的:了解集体自尊、个体自尊与抑郁、焦虑的关系。方法:对800名大学新生施测集体自尊、个体自尊、抑郁、焦虑量表。结果:①大学新生中轻度抑郁的检出率为21.6%,中度抑郁的检出率为5.9%,高度抑郁的检出率为1.6%;焦虑标准分平均值为42,众数为36。②个体自尊、私密性集体自尊、公众性集体自尊对抑郁的预测效果显著(P<0.05);个体自尊、私密性集体自尊对焦虑的预测效果显著(P<0.01)。结论:集体自尊、个体自尊能够有效的预测大学新生的抑郁和焦虑,在对抑郁和焦虑进行干预时应充分考虑个体自尊和集体自尊两方面的作用。  相似文献   

10.
大学生个体自尊、集体自尊与行为抑制的关系研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨大学生个体自尊、集体自尊与行为抑制的关系。方法采用个体自尊量表、集体自尊量表、行为抑制量表对271名大学生进行测查。结果1个体自尊与行为抑制及其3个维度:求助、支配、自信心呈显著负相关;2集体自尊与求助抑制、自信心抑制、亲密关系抑制存在显著负相关;与拒绝抑制、疏远抑制呈显著正相关。结论个体自尊与集体自尊预测不同维度的行为抑制。  相似文献   

11.
Self-esteem is the evaluative feelings one holds for oneself and the sense that one has essential worth. It is evaluated as the difference between the actual self and the ideal self. Healthy self-esteem supports psychological stability and positive social activity and is an essential element in the psychological development of children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate self-esteem in children with psychosomatic symptoms and elucidate a strategy for using such evaluations in therapy. We evaluated self-esteem in 56 patients at the Department of Pediatrics of Okayama University Hospital who were undergoing outpatient therapy for psychosomatic symptoms, using Pope's 5-scale test of self-esteem for children. We examined patient attributes, course of therapy, and social adjustment. Patients with low self-esteem on multiple scales at the first visit were all female, and these patients had a significantly higher frequency of family function problems, such as a family member with a psychiatric disorder, economic hardship, or experience of child abuse. Moreover, the prognosis for these patients was poor regardless of their social adjustment at the first visit.  相似文献   

12.
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a rare imprinting disorder characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth retardation. Despite normal intellectual functioning, psychosocial and behavioral difficulties have been observed in this syndrome. However, few studies have dealt with these aspects, even though this could enhance the current understanding of the SRS and, more importantly, improve the management of potential psychosocial problems. Given the sparse literature, this cross-sectional study aimed to establish the psychosocial and behavioral profile of individuals with SRS. To this end, we assessed the quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Short Form), self-esteem (Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory), anxiety (Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and behavioral and emotional problems (Child Behavior Checklist and Adult Behavior Checklist) in a sample of 19 adolescents and adults with SRS and 18 without SRS (controls). We also analyzed clinical features, molecular genetic diagnosis, and past or current treatments of participants with SRS. Based on prior studies, we expected to observe psychological and behavioral difficulties in our clinical population. We also expected these difficulties, shared by both adolescents and adults with SRS, to be associated with factors such as height, genetics, or treatment. Overall, our results showed that participants with SRS had similar performances to those of controls, despite high interindividual variability among the adults with SRS. For example, while adults with SRS had a similar mean total self-esteem score to control participants, 45% of the adults with SRS still had very low self-esteem. In addition, adolescents and adults with SRS did not necessarily have the same difficulties. Social and behavioral problems appeared to be more common in adolescents with upd(7)mat while in adults, difficulties were not associated with either height, weight, NH-CSS score, or GH treatment but did appear to be associated with GnRHa treatment. Indeed, low self-esteem was associated with GnRHa treatment. Overall, this study shows that early intervention and multidisciplinary care right up to adulthood, including psychological support, are needed for this population, regardless of the molecular abnormality responsible for SRS, to cope with potential psychosocial problems.  相似文献   

13.
This study tested R. F. Baumeister, L. Smart, and J. M. Boden's (1996) theory of inflated self-esteem with an inpatient psychiatric youth sample. Participants were assessed on their self-reported self-esteem, self-reported interpersonal problems, and peer rejection (measured by evaluations from 3 or 4 peers). Consistent with the hypotheses, those with low self-esteem reported the most interpersonal problems, followed consecutively by the moderate self-esteem group and then the high self-esteem group, who reported the fewest interpersonal problems. Also in line with the hypotheses, those with low and high self-esteem were rejected by their peers when compared with the moderate self-esteem group. Thus, the high self-esteem group was rejected by their peers but did not themselves report interpersonal problems. These findings provide further support for Baumeister et al.'s theory and generalize the theory to a clinical setting.  相似文献   

14.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the psychological problems associated with bedwetting and combined (day and night) wetting in children aged around 7(1/2) years. METHODS: Participants were a cohort of over 8000 children enrolled in the population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Parents completed postal questionnaires assessing common childhood psychological problems, and children were asked about behavior, friendships, bullying, and self-esteem in clinical interviews. The rates of psychological problems were compared in children with bedwetting, combined wetting, and in children with no wetting problems. RESULTS: The study found a higher rate of parent-reported psychological problems in children with bedwetting and combined wetting compared with those with no wetting problems. Children with combined wetting were particularly at risk for externalizing problems. There was little difference with the child-reported measures. CONCLUSIONS: Bedwetting and combined wetting are associated with parent-reported psychological problems and combined wetting confers an increased risk for externalizing problems.  相似文献   

15.
Investigated several possible models to explain the seemingly discrepant relations between self-esteem and conduct problems, as both low self-esteem and exaggerated levels of self-esteem, thought to be captured by narcissism, have been associated with aggressive and antisocial behavior. Our sample consisted of 98 nonreferred children (mean age = 11.9 years; SD = 1.68 years) recruited from public schools to oversample children at risk for severe aggressive and antisocial behavior. Results indicated that certain aspects of narcissism (i.e., those indicating a need to be evaluated well by, and obtain status over, others) were particularly predictive of maladaptive characteristics and outcomes such as low self-esteem, callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and conduct problems. In addition, the relation between narcissism and conduct problems was moderated by self-esteem level, such that children with relatively high levels of narcissism and low self-esteem showed the highest rates of conduct-problem symptoms.  相似文献   

16.
目的构建以"预防为主"的大学生心理问题智能预警系统。方法采用自尊量表、心理控制源量表、社会支持量表、青少年生活事件量表和大学生人格问卷(U P I)对安徽省12所不同层次的高校共890名大学生进行测查,使用SPSS 16.0和AM OS 7.0进行统计分析,在V isual S tud io 2008开发平台下,利用C#语言、SQL Server等技术构建B/S形式的预警系统。结果①U P I得分与自尊、心理控制源、社会支持和生活事件之间存在显著相关(-x±s=9.76±6.88,29.12±3.81,11.32±3.48,14.94±8.72,P<0.01);②生活事件对心理健康(U P I)既有直接效应也有间接效应;③试运行结果显示本系统预警效果良好。结论本预警系统实现了从源头上对心理问题的潜在危险因素进行预警,提高心理问题预警的灵敏度,可以在高校心理咨询中心推广使用。  相似文献   

17.
On two occasions separated by one year, Chinese adolescents (N = 2,758) responded to instruments measuring their perceived parental psychological control and psychological well-being, including hopelessness, mastery, life satisfaction, and self-esteem. Pearson correlation analyses revealed that perceived parental psychological control was concurrently related to adolescent psychological well-being at Time 1 and Time 2. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the relationships between perceived parental psychological control and adolescent psychological well-being over time were bidirectional in nature. Regarding the differential contribution of paternal and maternal psychological control to adolescent psychological well-being over time, paternal psychological control at Time 1 predicted changes in adolescent life satisfaction at Time 2, particularly for adolescent girls. On the other hand, maternal psychological control at Time 1 predicted changes in adolescent self-esteem at Time 2. Relative to those conditions in which one or none of the adolescents' parents was perceived to display high psychological control at Time 1, the psychological well-being of adolescents at Time 2 was poorer under the condition in which both parents were perceived to display high levels of psychological control at Time 1. The clinical implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
The aim of this study was to determine whether self-esteem and adjustment to disease can mediate the association between pain and psychological well-being in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Coefficients of correlation, multiple linear regressions and Structural Equation Model (SEM) were employed in order to examine the direct and indirect relationships between pain, self-esteem, adjustment to disease and psychological well-being in a sample of 160 recently-diagnosed RA-patients. The outcomes of the analyses indicate that self-esteem and adjustment to disease are important links between pain and psychological well-being. Moreover, the results suggest the increasing importance of personality variables in mediating the relationship between pain and psychological well-being as the disease advances. The findings provide evidence for considerations that psychosocial interventions, focused on increasing the self-esteem and improving the adjustment to disease, may reduce the impact of pain on patients' psychological well-being and quality of life in general.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVES. This study investigated the role of family variables in the development of psychological problems in childhood sexual abuse (CSA) survivors, contributing to the debate between the 'abuse related' perspective, which assumes a direct causal link between abuse and later problems, and the 'family dysfunction' perspective, which assumes that these problems are caused by the dysfunctional nature of families in which abuse occurs. The two questions of central concern were: (1) whether maladaptive family dynamics and CSA were each associated with later adjustment; and (2) whether these associations acted independently of one another. DESIGN. A retrospective cohort study comparing sexually abused and non-abused participants matched one-to-one on demographic variables. METHODS. The 64 clinical participants were recruited by sending questionnaires to clients on a psychological therapy waiting list, and 44 students were recruited from questionnaires made available at University Health Centres. Participants completed measures of psychological and sexual adjustment, family functioning, and construing. Multiple linear regression models investigated overall and independent associations between abuse, family circumstances, and adjustment in adulthood. RESULTS. There was only weak evidence for the influence of CSA, independently of family environment, on later psychological distress and sexual adjustment, but strong evidence for the influence of aspects of family environment, independent of abuse, on later psychological distress, sexual adjustment, self-esteem, body image, and sexual attitude. CONCLUSIONS. The findings provide support for the 'family dysfunction' perspective on the long-term effects of CSA.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contributions of weight status, skin tone, peer teasing, and parental appraisals of child's size to self-esteem and psychosocial adjustment in overweight African American children. METHOD: Overweight to very obese 5- to 10-year-old African American children (N = 117) completed measures of self-esteem, skin tone satisfaction, peer teasing, and body size perception. Caregivers completed the Child Behavior Checklist and rated their child's body size. RESULTS: Overweight was associated with low appearance self-esteem, and body size dissatisfaction with low global self-worth and low appearance self-esteem in children 8 and older. Appearance self-esteem but not global self-worth was lower in girls than boys. Parental perception of child's size as heavier than average was associated with low child appearance self-esteem. Heavier children also had more parental report of behavior and psychosocial problems, but their scores were in the nonclinical range. Child skin tone dissatisfaction was associated with low global self-worth. Weight-related peer teasing was associated with low self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between obesity and self-esteem in African American children depends upon age, gender, and children's experiences with teasing and parental evaluation of their size. Other factors, like skin tone satisfaction, contribute to a child's sense of self-worth.  相似文献   

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