图像分析方法研究DLC膜／Ti6A14V梯度材料的血液相容性稳定性

对DLC膜/Ti6A14V梯度材料和Ti6A14V钛合金进行了血液相容性稳定性研究。用数字，图像分析方法分别测定了材料生物摩擦磨损实验前后的血小板消耗率，研究表明，在Hank‘s溶液润滑条件下，经过2000m磨擦磨损实验后，Ti6A14V钛合金血小板消耗率显著增加约50%，而DLC膜/Ti614V梯度材料血小板消耗稿费没有明显增加，说明DLC膜/Ti6A14V梯度材料在使用条件下具有很好的血液相容性稳定性。     

新型β钛合金Ti_(35)Nb_3Zr_2Ta在人工关节假体应用中的生物相容性

背景:目前被广泛应用于人体关节置换的钛合金为Ti6Al4V,但其弹体模量高于人体骨,导致人工关节假体的稳定性差。而新型β钛合金Ti35Nb3Zr2Ta弹性模量较低,或许能成为新一代生物相容性较好的人体关节假体材料。目的:探讨新型β钛合金Ti35Nb3Zr2Ta在人工关节假体应用的生物相容性。方法:应用计算机检索自万方数据库、中国知网和Pub Med文献数据库,检索时间范围2010至2015年,以"新型β钛合金;人工关节假体;生物相容性"为检索词,检索医用人工关节假体材料的应用现状及新型β钛合金Ti35Nb3Zr2Ta在人工关节假体应用的生物相容性的研究。结果与结论:与Ti6Al4V相比,Ti35Nb3Zr2Ta表面粗糙度较高,表面接触角较小,碱性磷酸酶活性以及成骨细胞的钙沉积量明显高于Ti6Al4V,具有良好的生物相容性,可以考虑在人工关节假体领域中进一步广泛应用。     

模糊血液相容度法对DLC/Ti生物碳素梯度涂层材料的评价

采用 PIII- IBED技术制备生物碳素梯度涂层作为人工心脏瓣膜材料 ,分析了材料表面与血液间的相互作用 ;采用体外动态凝血时间、溶血率和血小板消耗率对所制备材料进行了血液相容性评价。在单因素评价的基础上进行了模糊数学综合评价 ,提出了模糊血液相容度 ( FHCD)的概念。综合评判结果表明 ,所制备的梯度涂层材料综合血液相容性 ( FHCD为 0 .70 - 0 .80 )优于碳 /氮离子注入的钛合金、等离子体化学气相沉积碳及碳化钛和氮化钛涂层等对比材料 ,接近公认血液相容性优良的低温各向同性碳 ( FHCD为 0 .72 - 0 .82 )     

生物碳素材料表面血小板黏附的实验研究

为了解生物碳素材料的凝血机制 ,将新鲜抗凝人血离心分离为富血小板血浆 ,在 37℃恒温条件下 ,对类金刚石薄膜 (DL C)、金刚石薄膜和石墨三种碳素材料进行了血小板黏附实验 ,通过扫描电镜对黏附于材料表面的血小板进行形态观察和计数分析 ,用形态指数描述血小板的变形程度。结果显示 ,DL C表面无血小板黏附 ,而金刚石薄膜和石墨表面均黏附有为数不少、呈 ～ 型重度变形的血小板。血小板的黏附量石墨最多 ,而形态指数则金刚石薄膜更大。经与前期研究和文献报道的对比分析 ,得出三个主要结论 :(1)蛋白吸附介导的血小板黏附、变形和聚集是生物碳素材料的主要凝血机制 ;(2 )评价生物碳素材料的血液相容性 ,血小板变形度比血小板消耗率更有价值 ;(3) DL C的纯度越高 ,血液相容性越好。这些结论对改进和设计新型碳素人工心瓣材料具有重要指导意义     

生物医用钛合金表面离子束辅助沉积氧化钛膜层

为改善钛合金(Ti6Al4V)的生物相容性,采用离子束辅助沉积(Ionbeamenhanceddeposition,IBED)技术制备了氧化钛膜层。结果表明钛合金上的膜层涂覆均匀,基体的铝和钒元素已经探测不到,膜层为含氮和沿(111)面取向的TiO相;膜层划痕实验的临界载荷为16.8N,膜层以塑性变形的方式破坏。     

两种钛合金成品表面特性表征及血液相容性的对比研究

目的对两种不同加工工艺生产的钛合金成品(白色和黑色)进行表面特性鉴定,并评价其血液相容性,为选择合适的工艺流程提供理论依据。方法使用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)、能谱分析(energy dispersive spectroscopy,EDS)、原子力显微镜(atomic force microscopy,AFM)、X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(X-ray photoelectron spectrometer,XPS)对两种钛合金的表面结构、表面物理和化学性能进行表征。通过体外纤维蛋白原吸附、血小板黏附与激活、凝血时间的测定等实验,以及植入狗右心房10 d观察血栓形成情况,系统评价两种钛合金的血液相容性。结果白色钛合金表面为粗且深的犁沟,成分为Ti、Al、V,黑色钛合金表面呈孔样层状叠加分布,且成分除了Ti、Al、V外,还有Si、Na、Ca、Fe等杂质。XRD结果显示两种钛合金物相结构均为钛。XPS结果显示两种钛合金表层都形成极薄的TiO_2薄膜,但黑色钛合金形成的TiO_2薄膜略厚于白色钛合金。体外纤维蛋白原吸附、血小板黏附与激活及凝血时间结果均显示两种钛合金血液相容性无明显差异。体内植入实验结果显示两种钛合金表面均形成了血栓,但黑色钛合金有明显异物反应,形成了增生的肉芽组织,且电镜下显示,白色钛合金表面黏附的有形成分少于黑色钛合金。结论结合体内、体外实验,白色钛合金的生物相容性优于黑色钛合金。     

碳相成分对DLC薄膜血液相容性影响的能量机制

以6个不同工艺条件制备的DL C薄膜为样本,在前期碳相成分与表面能量参数测定、碳相成分和表面能量参数与血小板黏附特性关联分析的基础上,用T型关联度法,进一步对碳相成分和表面能量参数进行了灰色关联分析。结果显示:(1)在6个表面能量参数中,临界表面张力与碳相成分的整体关联最大,其次为表面张力的色散分量,其它则关联较小;(2 ) DL C碳相与临界表面张力和表面张力的色散分量有较大的负关联度(- 0 .5 7,- 0 .33) ,而与亲水性的其它表面能量参数的关联度均为小于0 .2 0的正值;(3) C- H碳相和C- O碳相与临界表面张力呈较大的正相关(0 .4 8,0 .2 5 )。据此得出分析结论:(1) DL C碳相主导DL C薄膜的血液相容性,其作用机制是对表面润湿性的强抑制和亲水性的有限增强;(2 ) C- H碳相和C- O碳相促使血小板变形的能量机制是增大DL C薄膜的临界表面张力;(3)评价DL C薄膜的血液相容性,既可用临界表面张力作指标设立标准,也可以对DL C碳相的含量要求、辅以对C- H碳相和C- O碳相的含量限定设立标准。本研究为用表面性质表征DL C薄膜的血液相容性提供了理论依据。     

HAF/YSZ梯度复合涂层的制备及结构和性能

背景：在钛合金基体表面制备涂层的方法多为等离子喷涂法、溶胶-凝胶法、离子束溅射法等,所制备的涂层性能不稳定、成分单一,且涂层物相组成较难控制。 目的：采用射频磁控溅射技术在Ti6Al4V基体上制备含氟羟基磷灰石梯度复合涂层HAF/YSZ。 方法：在Ti6Al4V基体上以射频磁控溅射技术制备含氟羟基磷灰石梯度复合涂层HAF/YSZ,利用X射线光电子能谱、扫描电镜等对涂层的成分分布、形貌、界面结合进行表征。通过模拟体液实验分析和评价HAF/YSZ涂层、HAF1.2涂层及羟基磷灰石涂层的生物性能。 结果与结论：所制备的HAF/YSZ梯度涂层表面粗糙,呈多孔岛状结构,有利于新生骨组织生长;涂层与基体结合紧密,各层间相互扩散,整体一致性较好;经模拟体液浸泡后,涂层表面有新生物质沉积,表现出较好的生物活性及稳定性,且梯度复合涂层较氟含量单一的氟羟基磷灰石涂层具有更好的抗体液溶解能力及稳定性。     

DLC血小板黏附特性与其表面能量的灰色关联分析

以不同工艺条件制备的 DL C材料为样本 ,进行了血小板黏附实验 ,测定了乙醇、水和不同组分比乙醇 /水溶液在各样本表面的平衡接触角 ,由此计算出表面张力、临界表面张力、界面张力、粘黏功 4个表面能量参数及表面张力的色散和极性分量 ,通过 T型关联度计算 ,分析了各参数对血小板黏附量和形态指数的影响。结果显示 :(1) 4个表面能量参数均与血小板的黏附量呈正相关 ,而形态指数则与表面张力、、界面张力和黏附功呈负相关 ;(2 )血小板的黏附量和形态指数与表面张力色散、极性分量的关联度异号 ,极性分量对血小板的黏附有利 ,而色散分量则于血小板的变形多功 ;(3)临界表面张力与血小板的黏附量和形态指数均有较大的正关联度 ;(4)表面张力极性分量对血小板黏附量和形态指数的影响与表面张力、界面张力和黏附功步调一致。由此得出 2个重要结论 :(1)血小板在 DL C表面的黏附特性与其表面界面性能密切相关 ,DL C的血液相容性取决于其亲水性和有限润湿的平衡 ,存在一个以临界表面张力为指标的血液相容性区域 ;(2 )血小板在 DL C表面的黏附和变形具有不同的能量机制 :亲水性的表面有利于血小板黏附 ,而黏附血小板的变形则要借助于表面的疏水作用。     

热化学法制备CaTiO3涂层及涂层的生物相容性

背景：钛酸钙(CaTiO₃)作为一种有前途的涂层,可应用于钛基医用植入体表面。 目的：通过一种简单的热化学处理技术,在Ti6Al4V基体上制备均匀的CaTiO₃涂层,同时通过培养成骨细胞观察涂层生物相容性。 方法：通过将Ti6Al4V基体埋于无水硝酸钙(Ca(NO₃)₂)粉末中,并且升高温度;当温度处在Ca(NO₃)2熔点以上时,在Ti6Al4V基体上能够生成一层均匀的CaTiO₃层。同时在热化学处理温度为570 ℃的Ti6Al4V基体材料上进行成骨细胞培养,观察所制备涂层的生物相容性。 结果与结论：该涂层转化只有在(Ca(NO₃)₂)熔点(561 ℃)以上时才会发生,同时随着处理温度的升高,CaTiO₃晶体尺寸随之增大;经过热化学处理后的样品具有良好的生物相容性,对成骨细胞黏附、增殖具有更好的促进作用。该方法简单、有效,所制备的涂层具有良好的生物相容性,有望在钛植入体表面处理中获得应用,以提高金属表面与细胞、组织的相容性。     

UHMWPE与钛基-TiN-TiC系梯度薄膜材料对磨的生物摩擦磨损特性

为了探索超高分子量聚乙烯（ＵＨＭＷＰＥ）与钛基－ＴｉＮ－ＴｉＣ系梯度薄膜材料组合作为人工关节置换材料的可能性,利用离子注入和等离子体化学气相沉积（ＰＣＶＤ）方法制备了Ｔｉ６Ａ１４Ｖ－ＴｉＮ－ＴｉＣ系梯度薄膜材料。通过摩擦系数和ＵＨＭＷＰＥ磨损失重的测定和用ＳＥＭ对磨损后的ＵＨＭＷＰＥ表面形貌分析,研究了ＵＨＭＷＰＥ与Ｔｉ６Ａ１４Ｖ－ＴｉＮ－ＴｉＣ系梯度薄膜材料摩擦副的生物摩擦磨损特性。研究表明：在     

The influence of niobium and vanadium on passivity of titanium-based implants in physiological solution

Surface films play a key role in corrosion and osteointegration processes of titanium-based orthopedic implants. The influence of niobium and vanadium as alloying elements on titanium alloy passivity have been investigated in Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), at 37 degrees C and pH 6.9.Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al6Nb have been considered. The excellent passivating properties of the anodically formed Ti(IV)-based surface oxide film and high corrosion resistance of the Ti6Al6Nb alloy have been attributed to the stabilizing effect of Nb(5+) cations on the passive film, by annihilation of stoichiometric defects (anion vacancies) caused by the presence of titanium suboxides. Localized corrosion sensitivity of the Ti6Al4V alloy has been correlated to the dissolution of vanadium at the surface film/electrolyte interface coupled with generation of cation vacancies and their diffusion through the film as a part of the solid-state diffusion process. The presence of a high concentration of chloride ions (0.15gl(-1)) in HBSS further accelerates these processes.     

In situ cell culture monitoring on a Ti–6Al–4V surface by electrochemical techniques

In this work, the in situ interaction between Ti–6Al–4V alloy and osteoblastic cells has been studied by electrochemical techniques as a function of time. The interaction has been monitored for cell adhesion and growth of human osteoblastic Saos-2 cells on Ti–6Al–4V samples. The study has been carried out by electrochemical techniques, e.g., studying the evolution of corrosion potential with exposure time and by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The impedance results have been analyzed by using different equivalent circuit models that simulate the interface state at each testing time. The adhesion of the osteoblastic cells on the Ti–6Al–4V alloy leads to surface areas with different cell coverage rates, thus showing the different responses in the impedance diagrams with time. The effect of the cells on the electrochemical response of Ti–6Al–4V alloy is clearly seen after 4 days of testing, in which two isolated and well-differentiated time constants are clearly observed. One of these is associated with the presence of the cells and the other with a passive film on the Ti–6Al–4V alloy. After 7 days of culture, the system is governed by a resistive component over a wide frequency range which is associated with an increase in the cell coverage rate on the surface due to the extracellular matrix.     

用表面界面性能评价生物碳素材料血液相容性的可行性研究

以类金刚石薄膜(DLC)、含硅DLC、石墨、金刚石薄膜(DF)、低温各向同性碳(LTIC)和碳化硅为材料样本,用T型关联度法对其动态凝血时间、血小板消耗率、溶血率和表面能量参数等数据进行了灰色关联分析。结果显示:(1)动态凝血时间与亲水性的表面能量参数呈正相关,与临界表面张力呈负相关,其中与界面张力的关联度最大(0.63),其次为临界表面张力(-0.43);(2)与动态凝血时间的情形刚好相反,溶血率与亲水性的表面能量参数呈负相关,而与临界表面张力呈正相关,对溶血率影响较大的仍然是界面张力(-0.43)和临界表面张力(0.29);(3)与血小板消耗率关联最大的是临界表面张力(0.68),其次为表面张力(0.32);(4)动态凝血时间与血小板消耗率、溶血率之间有较大的负关联度。结果表明:动态凝血时间取决于其表面亲水性和有限润湿的平衡,血小板消耗的基础是材料表面良好的润湿与亲水性,而材料表面的疏水作用和充分的润湿则成为溶血的推动力量;动态凝血时间与溶血率和血小板消耗率之间具有“跷跷板效应”,因而可等效地用动态凝血时间评价生物碳素材料的血液相容性。证实:以血浆蛋白吸附为先导的血小板黏附、变形而致血栓形成,是生物碳素材料的主要凝血机制;可以临界表面张力为指标评价其血液相容性。本研究为用表面界面性能评价生物碳素材料的血液相容性提供了理论依据。     

In vitro short-term platelet adhesion on various metals

The in vitro short-term platelet adhesion on various metals, as accelerated by the addition of Ca²⁺, was evaluated in this study. Metals used for medical devices [an austenitic stainless steel, a cobalt (Co)-chromium (Cr)-molybdenum (Mo) alloy, a titanium (Ti)-6 aluminum (Al)-4 vanadium (V) alloy, a Ti-6Al-7 niobium (Nb) alloy, a Tinickel (Ni) alloy, and commercially pure Ti] were immersed into a platelet-rich plasma solution for 5 or 20 min, and platelet adhesion and aggregation on the surfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The platelet adhesion level on each metal after 5 min of immersion in a platelet-rich plasma solution was the smallest in this order: stainless steel ≤ Co-Cr-Mo alloy < Ti-6Al-4V alloy < Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy < Ti-Ni alloy = Ti. The levels after 5 min of immersion were almost the same as those after 20 min of immersion. Platelet adhesion was minimal on stainless steel and Co-Cr-Mo alloy, which have a Cr₂O₃-containing passive surface oxide film, but was accelerated on Ti and Ti alloys having a TiO₂-contanining film. A Cr₂O₃-containing oxide film has a lower relative permittivity than a TiO₂-contanining film; it thus supports a larger electrostatic force than the latter, adsorbs more albumins, which work as inhibitory proteins, and inhibits platelet aggregation. Therefore, platelet adhesion and aggregation are controlled by the composition of the surface oxide film on a metal due to the relative permittivity of the metal, which influences the amount of adsorbed proteins.     

钛合金Ti6Al4V表面钛酸锶生物薄膜的水热合成

采用氢氧化钠和硝酸锶混合溶液对Ti6Al4V合金进行水热处理,温度180℃,时间1、3和6 h。X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电子能谱和X射线光电子能谱分析表明,水热处理后钛合金表面形成了钛酸锶的纳米颗粒薄膜,颗粒尺寸80～230 nm,薄膜中含有极少量铝和钒元素。在无钙Hank’s平衡盐液中的动电位极化和电化学阻抗实验表明,与抛光试样相比,水热处理3h试样的耐蚀性大幅提高。显微硬度压入实验表明,钛酸锶薄膜具有良好的附着性和内聚力。水热处理制备钛酸锶薄膜的方法可用于钛合金Ti6Al4V骨科植入体的表面改性。     

Thermal oxidation enhances early interactions between human osteoblasts and alumina blasted Ti6Al4V alloy

Oxidation of Ti6Al4V at 500 degrees C for 1 h in air results in the formation of an outer ceramic layer that improves osteoblast behavior and decreases Ti and Al ion release. In this work, alumina blasted Ti6Al4V alloy has been thermally treated and its in vitro biocompatibility has been assessed. Roughness of the blasted alloy was not found significantly altered after heat treatment while chemical surface analysis indicated an increase in stable TiO(2) and Al(2)O(3) oxides. Cell attachment, spreading, cytoskeleton organization as well as cell proliferation, viability, and procollagen I peptide secretion of human primary osteoblasts, impaired on alumina blasted Ti6Al4V, were found to be greatly enhanced on the thermally oxidized blasted alloy. Other informative markers of the osteoblastic phenotype such as alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and mineralized nodule formation were evaluated and indicated that osteoblasts responded at the same extent on untreated and thermally treated blasted alloys. Taken together, our in vitro results indicate that thermal oxidation of alumina blasted Ti6Al4V may favor successful osseointegration by promoting early interactions of osteoblastic cells and the modified surface alloy.