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1.
目的:评价Rutter儿童行为问卷调查的国内普通学龄儿童行为问题发生率。方法:通过检索中外文数据库,并辅以手动检索相关杂志目录,搜集1989-2016年间公开发表的关于Rutter儿童行为问卷调查的中国普通学龄儿童行为问题发生率的研究文献,经筛选得到符合入排标准研究共43篇,通过R软件进行meta分析。结果:Rutter儿童行为父母问卷以13分为临界分,教师问卷以9分为临界分,凡大于或者等于此者为有行为问题。共纳入61777例分析,采用随机效应模型对学龄儿童行为问题发生率进行单组率meta分析,总发生率为13.3%,95%可信区间(CI)为11.8%~15.0%。对其进行亚组分析,结果表明:男童行为问题发生率高于女童(16.3%vs.9.8%);西部儿童行为问题发生率高于东部(18.8%vs.12.4%);研究发表年份为2009-2016的儿童行为问题发生率高于1989-1998和1999-2008(16.6%vs.10.7%,13.0%);A行为问题(反社会行为或违纪行为)和N行为问题(神经症行为)发生率高于M行为问题(混合性行为)(5.8%,4.9%vs.2.4%);父母版调查问卷儿童行为问题发生率高于教师版(13.7%vs.11.7%)。结论:Rutter儿童行为问卷调查的我国学龄儿童行为问题总发生率与发达国家相近,28年间文献报告的发生率水平呈上升趋势。  相似文献   

2.
浙江省苍南县城乡儿童行为问题比较   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
目的 :通过调查浙江城镇与农村儿童行为问题发生情况及影响因素 ,探讨城乡区域等环境因素在其发生中的影响。方法 :采用分层随机整群抽样法抽取 6~ 12岁儿童 1983人 ,用Rutter儿童行为父母问卷和自编相关因素调查表。结果 :问卷回收率 94 3 % ,农村检出率 12 8% ,城镇 7 7%。多元相关分析显示 ,引起农村城镇儿童行为问题的危险因素除了打骂或放纵管教方式和考试压力外 ,其它各不相同 ,农村与母亲不良因素有关、城镇与自身状况及父亲问题有关。结论 :应针对城乡儿童行为问题相关因素不同而采取综合防治措施  相似文献   

3.
儿童行为问题及相关因素比较分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 了解儿童行为问题检出率及相关因素的性别差异。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样法抽取6-12岁儿童1870人,用Rutter儿童行为问题问卷和自制相关因素调查表。结果 男性检出率12.4%、A行为占42.6%,女孩7.4%,N行为占47.8%,多元相关分析显示,男、女儿童行为问题的危险因素除了儿童疾病史和采用打骂或放纵的管教方式外,其余都不相同。  相似文献   

4.
目的:探讨目睹父母间冲突与儿童行为问题的关系.方法:在湖南和内蒙两地,针对成年人实施的家庭内暴力现状调查中,若被调查者有6-18岁子女,填写“儿童一般情况”和Rutter儿童行为问卷(父母用卷);两地实际发放问卷740份,收回有效问卷688份,其中有效儿童情况问卷135份.结果:Rutter问卷总分6.22±5.44,与年龄显著负相关,r=-0.330,P<0.001.曾受到打骂儿童Rutter问卷总分(7.85±5.94)显著高于从未受打骂儿童(4.93±4.65),t=-3.158,P=0.002;无论是否曾遭受打骂,间接或直接目睹父母间冲突儿童的Rutter总分都显著高于从未目睹的儿童(全体儿童8.14±6.26 vs.4.84±4.36,t=-3.396,P=0.001;从未受打骂儿童6.62±5.35 vs.3.93±4.03,t=-2.325,P=0.023;曾受打骂儿童9.57±6.82 vs.6.23±4.58,t=-2.252,P=0.028).结论:目睹父母间冲突和儿童行为问题密切相关,推测目睹父母间冲突可能导致儿童行为问题.  相似文献   

5.
上海市区学龄儿童行为问题及相关因素研究   总被引:29,自引:3,他引:26  
目的:研究学龄儿童的行为问题及相关因素。方法:用Rutter儿童行为问卷及自编的相关调查表对上海市区小学一年组至初中二年级(7-14岁)学生861名,男445名,女416名进行调查,结果:显示行为问题父母问检出率为6.3%,教师问检出率为10.5%。相关分析表明,A因子两问卷均与性别有关,父母问卷还与母孕期健康状况有关。N因子在教师问卷中有与儿童照料者,考试压力、课外读书环境有关;在父母问卷中与考  相似文献   

6.
目的探讨本市学龄儿童行为问题主要危险因素。方法应用Rutter儿童行为教师量表对昆明市926名儿童进行了调查。结果儿童行为问题检出率为14.08%,男女检出率之比为3.13:1;经与20项有关因素Logistic回归分析表明:城乡结合部儿童行为问题主要危险因素依次为性别、伙伴关系、父母教育儿童时间、花在儿童身上的金钱、家庭和睦情况.结论儿童行为问题是多种因素所至,行为问题随年龄增长呈增加趋势,应采取综合措施进行防治。  相似文献   

7.
本研究用 Rutter 行为问卷,对北京城区2432名7—14岁在校儿童进行了调查。儿童行为问题检出率8.3%。男女比为4.9∶1。男孩违纪型常见。女孩神经症型为主。资料提示:儿童行为问题与父母受教育情况,与家庭和睦程度均有关系。常口角的家庭,破裂家庭儿童行为问题多,三代同堂的家庭较核心型家庭和单亲家庭儿童行为问题少,独生子女家庭和多子女家庭行为问题差异并不显著。提示改善家庭环境,重视儿童教育是涉及儿童心理健康发育的重大问题。  相似文献   

8.
社会技能训练对儿童行为问题的干预研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
目的:建立社会技能训练的方法,并探讨社会技能训练对儿童行为问题的干预效果.方法:应用社会技能训练对30例儿童行为问题患儿进行为期8周的干预,采用Rutter儿童行为问卷,Conners儿童行为问卷,Achenbach儿童行为量表进行干预前后评价,并进行临床疗效评定.结果:干预后,Rutter儿童行为问卷总分、A分和N分均较治疗前显著下降(P<0.001,P<0.05,P<0.01),临床评定总有效率达76.67%;Conners儿童行为问卷总分及因子分行为、学习、多动、多动指数较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05~0.01),总有效率63.33%;Achenbach儿童行为量表显示因子分违纪显著下降(P<0.05),总有效率60%.结论:社会技能训练的方法切实可行,并对儿童行为问题的改善有效.  相似文献   

9.
目的 探讨4~6岁幼儿的行为问题与子女教育心理控制源之间的关系,以便能够更有效的对幼儿的问题行为进行干预和影响.方法 对92名4~6岁幼儿及其家长运用子女教育心理控制源量表和Rutter儿童行为问卷父母问卷进行调查,采用Spearman相关、多个独立样本t检验及单因变量多因素方差分析的方法来分析各因子对幼儿行为的影响.结果 幼儿的行为问题与子女教育心理控制源因子存在显著相关:①父母对子女行为的控制因子与儿童的非社会行为呈显著的负相关(θ=-0.394,P<0.01);②父母的责任因子与儿童的非社会行为也呈显著的负相关(θ=-0.227,P<0.05);③儿童的神经症行为与父母对子女行为的控制因子呈显著的负相关(θ=-0.312,P<0.01);④父母对子女行为的控制因子对幼儿行为方式的影响存在显著性差异(K=8.121,P<0.05).结论 子女教育心理控制源对4~6岁儿童的行为问题有一定的预测力.  相似文献   

10.
聋童的行为问题及其相关因素分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:调查聋童的行为问题及相关因素.方法:采用父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)、家庭相关因素及聋童自身因素问卷、Rutter儿童行为问卷,对138名聋童(男性92名,女性46名)的父母养育方式、家庭背景因素、聋童自身因素与各类行为问题进行调查评定.结果:Rutter儿童行为教师问卷显示聋童有行为问题的占61.59%.相关分析表明(r=-0.35~0.53,P〈0.01)①男聋童的违纪行为、情绪问题行为与父母养育方式中的父、母拒绝、否认,父亲的过度保护,母亲的惩罚、严厉显著负相关;与父亲偏爱被试显著正相关,女聋童仅情绪问题行为与母亲偏爱被试显著正相关.②仅男聋童的行为问题与父亲的文化程度显著负相关.③男、女聋童的行为问题都与年级显著负相关,只有男聋童的行为问题与学习成绩显著正相关.④聋童的行为问题类型在性别上存在显著差异.⑤聋童的问题行为多发生在7.7岁-12岁.  相似文献   

11.
Sedentary behaviour – i.e., low energy-expending waking behaviour while seated or lying down – is a health risk factor, even when controlling for physical activity. This review sought to describe the behaviour change strategies used within interventions that have sought to reduce sedentary behaviour in adults. Studies were identified through existing literature reviews, a systematic database search, and hand-searches of eligible papers. Interventions were categorised as ‘very promising’, ‘quite promising’, or ‘non-promising’ according to observed behaviour changes. Intervention functions and behaviour change techniques were compared across promising and non-promising interventions. Twenty-six eligible studies reported thirty-eight interventions, of which twenty (53%) were worksite-based. Fifteen interventions (39%) were very promising, eight quite promising (21%), and fifteen non-promising (39%). Very or quite promising interventions tended to have targeted sedentary behaviour instead of physical activity. Interventions based on environmental restructuring, persuasion, or education were most promising. Self-monitoring, problem solving, and restructuring the social or physical environment were particularly promising behaviour change techniques. Future sedentary reduction interventions might most fruitfully incorporate environmental modification and self-regulatory skills training. The evidence base is, however, weakened by low-quality evaluation methods; more RCTs, employing no-treatment control groups, and collecting objective data are needed.  相似文献   

12.
13.
Interventions to change health-related behaviours typically have modest effects and may be more effective if grounded in appropriate theory. Most theories applied to public health interventions tend to emphasise individual capabilities and motivation, with limited reference to context and social factors. Intervention effectiveness may be increased by drawing on a wider range of theories incorporating social, cultural and economic factors that influence behaviour. The primary aim of this paper is to identify theories of behaviour and behaviour change of potential relevance to public health interventions across four scientific disciplines: psychology, sociology, anthropology and economics. We report in detail the methodology of our scoping review used to identify these theories including which involved a systematic search of electronic databases, consultation with a multidisciplinary advisory group, web searching, searching of reference lists and hand searching of key behavioural science journals. Of secondary interest we developed a list of agreed criteria for judging the quality of the theories. We identified 82 theories and 9 criteria for assessing theory quality. The potential relevance of this wide-ranging number of theories to public health interventions and the ease and usefulness of evaluating the theories in terms of the quality criteria are however yet to be determined.  相似文献   

14.
The methods employed to measure behaviour in research testing the theories of reasoned action/planned behaviour (TRA/TPB) within the context of health behaviours have the potential to significantly bias findings. One bias yet to be examined in that literature is that due to common method variance (CMV). CMV introduces a variance in scores attributable to the method used to measure a construct, rather than the construct it represents. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of method bias on the associations of health behaviours with TRA/TPB variables. Data were sourced from four meta-analyses (177 studies). The method used to measure behaviour for each effect size was coded for susceptibility to bias. The moderating impact of method type was assessed using meta-regression. Method type significantly moderated the associations of intentions, attitudes and social norms with behaviour, but not that between perceived behavioural control and behaviour. The magnitude of the moderating effect of method type appeared consistent between cross-sectional and prospective studies, but varied across behaviours. The current findings strongly suggest that method bias significantly inflates associations in TRA/TPB research, and poses a potentially serious validity threat to the cumulative findings reported in that field.  相似文献   

15.
Effects of repeated daily intracerebroventricular injections of 1 microg of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (tGLP-1) on feeding and drinking behaviour, as well as neurohypophysial hormone secretion, was investigated in rats drinking tap water or 2% saline for 6 days. In euhydrated rats, tGLP-1 decreased moderately food and water consumption without a marked reduction of body weight. In salt-loaded rats, tGLP-1 considerably inhibited saline intake. On the other hand, food consumption and body weight changes were similar in vehicle- and tGLP-1-treated rats drinking 2% saline. Osmotic stimulation resulted in the augmented release of both neurohypophysial hormones. tGLP-1 did not alter plasma vasopressin and oxytocin concentrations either in euhydrated or osmotically stimulated rats. It is concluded that tGLP-1 may modify feeding and drinking behaviour under conditions of normal or disturbed water-electrolyte balance in the rat.  相似文献   

16.

Objectives

There are two alternative hypotheses regarding bidirectional associations between self-efficacy and planning in predicting health behaviour change: self-efficacy may establish planning (cultivation hypothesis) or planning may enable the formation of self-efficacy (enabling hypothesis). This study investigates the order in which these two social cognitions are linked in adult–adult dyads in the context of sedentary behaviours (SB).

Design

A longitudinal study with 4 measurement points, spanning 8 months.

Methods

A total of 320 dyads (age: 18–90 years) were enrolled. Dyads included a focus person (who received the recommendation to reduce SB and intended to change their SB), and their partners, who were willing to support the focus persons and intended to reduce their own SB as well. Data were collected at Time 1 (T1), Time 2 (1 week later, T2), Time 3 (T3, 2 months after T1) and Time 4 (T4, 8 months after T1). SB was measured with accelerometers at (T1 and T4). Mediation models with individual and dyadic reciprocal effects were tested with path analyses.

Results

Only one indirect effect was found: A higher level of partners' SB reduction-specific self-efficacy at T2 was related to the focus person's more frequent planning to reduce SB at T3, which, in turn, predicted lower SB time among partners at T4.

Conclusions

The findings provide partial support for the cultivation model (self-efficacy prompting planning) and for dyadic reciprocal associations in the context of SB time reduction among adult dyads.  相似文献   

17.
This meta-analysis explored the efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) dependent on behaviour and methodological moderators. A lack of hierarchical analysis in previous reviews risks confounding these moderators. Here moderating roles of behaviour type, length of follow-up, sample age and behavioural measure are explored hierarchically amongst prospective tests of the TPB, controlling for past behaviour where possible. Searching identified 237 prospective tests from 206 articles. Random-effects meta-analytic procedures were used to correcting correlations for sampling and measurement error. Behaviour type moderated the model; physical activity and diet behaviours were better predicted (23.9% and 21.2% variance explained, respectively) whilst risk, detection, safer sex and abstinence from drugs were poorly predicted (between 13.8 and 15.3% variance explained). Methodological moderators were also apparent: age of sample moderated relations with student samples better predicted for physical activity, and adolescent samples better predicted for abstinence behaviours. Behaviours assessed in the shorter term, and those assessed with self-reports (compared with objective measures) were also better predicted. Both behavioural and methodological characteristics moderated relations amongst model components. The results can aid selection of appropriate targets upon which to base interventions.  相似文献   

18.
Much of the global burden of non-communicable disease is caused by unhealthy behaviours that individuals enact even when informed of their health-harming consequences. A key insight is that these behaviours are not predominantly driven by deliberative conscious decisions, but occur directly in response to environmental cues and without necessary representation of their consequences. Consequently, interventions that target non-conscious rather than conscious processes to change health behaviour may have significant potential, but this important premise remains largely untested. This is in part due to the lack of a practicable conceptual framework that can be applied to better describe and assess these interventions. We propose a framework for describing or categorising interventions to change health behaviour by the degree to which their effects may be considered non-conscious. Potential practical issues with applying such a framework are discussed, as are the implications for further research to inform the testing and development of interventions. A pragmatic means of conceptualising interventions targeted at non-conscious processes is a necessary prelude to testing the potency of such interventions. This can ultimately inform the development of interventions with the potential to shape healthier behaviours across populations.  相似文献   

19.
20.
Chemical blockade of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) by single microinjections of pentobarbital in ad lib fed male Wistar rats induced a meal that did not outlast a 10-min postinjection period. When food was presented only after this period, feeding was nearly absent. Repeating the injection after 10 and 20 min led each time to eating, although the amount consumed decreased. Scanning behaviour was drastically depressed during the 4-min postinjection period but then recovered within 6–11 min. Sniffing into the litter was enhanced for about the same interval (8–10 min). Fixed-ratio lever pressing for food upon pentobarbital-blockade of the VMH also tended to disappear after this period, whether many (low ratios) or few (high ratios) food pellets were obtained. The limited meal size after VMH-blockade therefore presumably resulted from the waning of the anaesthetic effect (e.g. diffusion) in this brain site.  相似文献   

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