仙珍骨宝对类固醇性大鼠骨质疏松的生物力学影响

目的：从生物力学角度研究仙珍骨宝胶囊对类固醇性大鼠皮质骨和松质骨的影响。方法：采用３月龄♂ＳＤ大鼠３７只,随机分为基础对照组、年龄对照组、激素模型组和仙珍骨宝低、中、高剂量治疗组。后４组均灌喂醋酸泼尼松４．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ,２次／周;而３个治疗组还灌喂仙珍骨宝低、中、高剂量。３个月后取股骨和第５腰进行股骨干的扭转、三点弯曲和腰椎的压缩试验。结果：激素模型组与年龄对照组比较,股骨干在三点弯曲试验时所承受     

康力龙对类固醇性大鼠骨质疏松骨密度和生物力学的影响

目的　从生物力学和骨矿含量测定角度研究康力龙对类固醇性大鼠骨代谢的影响。方法　采用 3月龄雄性SD大鼠 2 8只 ,随机分为基础对照组、年龄对照组、激素模型组和康力龙预防组。后两组给醋酸泼尼松 4 5mg·kg-1,ig ,2次 /周 ;预防组还给康力龙 0 5mg·kg-1·d-1,ig。 3个月后取股骨和第 5腰椎行骨密度测定 ,再行扭转、3点弯曲和压缩试验。结果　与年龄对照组比较 ,激素模型组股骨和第 5腰椎的总骨密度减少了 14 6 4 % (P <0 0 1) ;股骨干在 3点弯曲试验时所承受的载荷减少了17 1% (P <0 0 5 ) ;其余的力学参数都出现减少的趋势。与激素模型组比较 ,康力龙预防组股骨和第 5腰椎的总骨密度有所增加 ;股骨扭转角度明显增加 72 5 % (P <0 0 5 ) ,其余的力学参数都出现增加的趋势。结论　长期使用糖皮生激素 (GC) ,会使大鼠皮质骨和松质骨的骨密度和力学性能下降 ,从而易致骨折 ;应用康力龙则能阻止GC所致骨量丢失 ,还能增加其力学性能。     

泼尼松所致大鼠骨质疏松的骨密度和力学性能测定

目的：测定泼尼松所致大鼠骨质疏松的骨密度和力学性能。方法：采用１６只３月龄雄性ＳＤ大鼠，体重３４５～３４７ｇ，随机分为对照组和实验组，后者喂醋酸泼尼松４．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，２次／周。９０天后对两组动物股骨分别进行单光子骨密度测定和扭转试验。结果：实验组股骨近段、中段和远段的骨密度分别减少了１２．４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、１３．９％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和１１．９％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；股骨干抗扭转各项指标均出现减少趋势。结论：长期使用ＧＣ，会导致骨矿含量减少，由于骨的构筑发生了改变，使其抵抗扭转的能力降低，从而易发生骨折     

糖皮质激素致“阳虚”雄性大鼠代谢变化的实验研究

用糖皮质激素制造大鼠“阳虚“模型，以探讨其体内代谢变化。１６只３月龄雄性ＳＤ大鼠，体重２４５－３４７ｇ，随机分为对照组和激素组，后者喂醋酸泼尼松４．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，２次／ｗ，持续３个月。结果表明：与对照组比较，激素组体重减少８．８３％；内脏重量减轻，尤以肾上腺和睾丸为甚；血清生化指标ＡＫＰ降低了２７．６３％；胫骨上段骨小梁面积及数量分别减少３８％和３７８％，从而出现骨量丢失     

雌性山羊去卵巢后不同时间骨生物力学参数变化

研究了雌性山羊切除双侧卵巢后不同时间骨生物力学性能的变化。２ 岁左右雌性成都山羊１４ 只,体重２８±３ｋｇ,随机分为双侧卵巢切除（ＯＶＸ）半年组４ 只、ＯＶＸ １ 年组５ 只、ＯＶＸ １ 年半组５ 只。术后半年、１ 年、１ 年半处死动物,取出右侧股骨、胫骨、跖骨。用三点弯曲法测定股骨整体骨弯曲结构力学参数的变化;用跖骨测定整体骨压缩结构力学参数的变化;分别取股骨和胫骨断端密质骨试件测定弯曲、压缩、拉伸的材料力学参数的变化。结果显示：ＯＶＸ １ 年组与ＯＶＸ 半年组相比,骨的几何参数均减小;股骨整体骨三点弯曲弹性模量减小２３．２７％ ,而破坏荷载和极限强度则无明显变化（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）;股骨和胫骨骨试件的弯曲、压缩和拉伸实验中,除胫骨弯曲、压缩和拉伸的极限强度明显降低（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）外,其余参数降低不明显（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。ＯＶＸ １ 年半组与ＯＶＸ １ 年组相比,股骨的骨厚度和胫骨的矢状径、冠状径和骨厚度增加明显（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）;股骨整体骨三点弯曲的破坏荷载增高明显（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,这可能与ＯＶＸ １ 年半组体重增加相关;股骨和胫骨骨试件的压缩极限强度和弹性模量及胫骨骨试件弯曲的弹性模量明显减小（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,其余参数变化均     

甲状旁腺素和二膦酸盐对骨密度和骨生物力学的影响

目的:研究应用甲状旁腺素和阿仑膦酸钠对激素性骨质疏松兔骨密度和生物力学的影响。方法:采用成年新西兰大白兔,随机分为对照组、激素模型组、甲状旁腺素和阿仑膦酸钠治疗组,9周后取股骨和腰椎行超声骨密度测量,再行股骨扭转、三点弯曲和腰椎压缩试验。结果:激素模型组的宽频超声衰减(BUA)、超声传导速度(SOS)值和骨生物力学参数较对照组有非常明显减少,甲状旁腺素和阿仑膦酸钠治疗组的BUA、SOS值和骨生物力学参数较激素模型组明显增加。结论:序贯应用甲状旁腺素和阿仑膦酸钠可以减少激素性兔骨量的丢失,预防骨质疏松的发生。     

类固醇激素对大鼠股骨及腰椎的骨密度影响

目的：探讨类固醇激素对大鼠股骨和腰椎的骨密度影响。方法：雄性SD大鼠分为基础对照组、实验对照组和激素模型组；用DEXA对各组的离体双侧股骨和第5腰椎进行骨密度测定。结果：与实验对照组比较，激素模型组股骨和第5腰椎的总骨密度减少了14．77％；腰椎的骨密度减少了23．00％；左、右股骨远段的骨密度分别减少了19．83％、21．37％，具显著或非常显著差异。结论：长期使用类固醇激素，会使大鼠的骨量丢失，尤以松质骨的丢失比密质骨更为明显。故出现骨质疏松时，松质骨更容易出现骨折。     

去卵巢山羊长骨生物力学性能的变化

采用生物力学方法研究雌性山羊双侧卵巢切除后１８０天其长骨生物力学性能的变化。１５±岁雌性成都山羊１０只，体重２２±ｋｇ，随机分为对照组（Ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ５只）和双侧卵巢切除组（ＯＶＸ５只）。术后１８０天处死动物，取出双侧股，胫，跖，肱，桡和掌骨。用三点弯曲法测整体骨弯曲结构力学性能的变化。分别取断端密质骨，用三点弯曲，压缩和拉伸方法测骨试件的材料力学特性的变化。结果显示：与对照组比较，双侧卵巢切除组各长骨相应的骨密度，断端骨组织厚度和整体三点弯曲的破坏荷载均明显下降（Ｐ＜００５）；除股骨外，各长骨的整体三点弯曲极限强度，弹性模量和骨试件的弯曲与压缩极限强度，弹性模量以及部分长骨拉伸极限强度明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜００５）。本研究结果提示：雌性山羊双侧卵巢切除后１８０天，其长骨的整体抗弯强度和骨试件的抗弯，抗压，以及抗拉强度均有不同程度的下降，易于骨折。这与临床绝经后妇女雌激素降低，导致骨质疏松，使骨折的倾向性增大是一致的；也与大鼠双侧卵巢切除骨质疏松模型所表现出的骨结构变化和骨量减少相符合。作者认为，骨生物力学参数是评价骨质疏松的重要指标。切除双侧卵巢的雌性山羊有可能成为骨质疏松的大动物模型。     

乳腺浸润性癌PS2蛋白的表达及其与预后的关系

目的探讨ＰＳ２蛋白在乳腺浸润性癌中的表达及其与预后的关系。方法应用ＬＳＡＢ免疫组化法检测ＰＳ２蛋白在８６例乳腺浸润性癌中的表达。结果ＰＳ２蛋白的表达率为６６．２７％（５７／８６）。在下列一些情况中，ＰＳ２蛋白的表达率有区别：（１）８６例中，５年以上组８０．５５％（２９／３６），５年以下组５６．００％（２８／５０），差异有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０２５）；（２）未停经组６２例，５年以上组８６．２０（２５／２９），５年以下组５４．５４％（１８／３３），差异有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．００５），已停经组２４例，５年以上组４／７例，５年以下组５８．８０％（１０／１７），差异无显著性意义；（３）腋窝淋巴结转移６２例，５年以上组８２．３５％（１４／１７），５年以下组５５．５５％（２５／４５），差异有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）；腋窝淋巴结阴性２４例，５年以上组７８．９４％（１５／１９），５年以内组３／５例，差异无显著性意义。结论本研究表明，ＰＳ２蛋白的阳性表达与５年生存期正相关，ＰＳ２阳性的表达可以作为乳腺癌的一项预后指标；ＰＳ２蛋白表达对未停经患者的内分泌治疗具有一定的指导意义；腋窝淋巴结阳性患者ＰＳ２蛋白表达与较好的预后相关。     

NIDDM患者不同血管并发症ApoE基因型频率分布的研究

采用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ），研究ＮＩＤＤＭ患者不同血管并发症ＡｐｏＥ基因型及其等位基因频率分布。结果：（１）并发冠心病（ＣＨＤ）组∈３／３基因型频率为５２％，显著低于对照组７６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；∈４／３基因型频率为３４％，显著高于对照组１２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；∈４等位基因频率为２１％，显著高于对照组９％（Ｐ＜０．０５），∈３频率为７４％，显著低于对照组８６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（２）大血管病变组∈３／３、∈４／３、∈４频率分别为５６％、３０％、２０％；∈３／３低于，∈４／３、∈４高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（３）高血压组和微血管病变组亦有类似变化，但差异无统计学意义。因此推断，∈４等位基因增加ＮＩＤＤＭ患者血管并发症，尤其是ＣＨＤ的危险性。     

卵巢切除及雌二醇对大鼠腰椎松质骨微结构的作用及其生物力学性能的分析

应用micro-CT获得腰椎松质骨微结构的三维参数,分析卵巢切除术与雌二醇干预对大鼠松质骨微结构及整体骨生物力学性能的作用,初步讨论松质骨微结构的改变对生物力学性能的影响.6月龄未交配雌性SD大鼠30只,随机分成3组(每组10只):假手术对照组(Sham)、去卵巢组(OVX)和去卵巢 补充雌二醇组(EBT).术后相同条件饲养5个月,取第3腰椎进行生物力学压缩试验,第4腰椎行micro-CT扫描.结果表明,与相应的Sham组比较,OVX组的BV/TV、Tb.N均明显下降,Tb.Sp和SMI明显增高.EBT组的BV/TV、Tb.N和Tb.Th均大于OVX组,Tb.Th和SMI明显小于OVX组.骨力学性能检测显示OVX组腰椎松质骨E、Fmax和σmax均明显降低,而EBT组上述骨生物力学参数均明显改善.通过micro-CT获得的骨微结构参数并结合骨力学性能检测能为合理评价骨质疏松及抗骨质疏松药物药效研究提供较好的实验依据.     

An experimental study on the biomechanical properties of the cancellous bones of distal femur

OBJECTIVES: To study the comprehensive biomechanical properties of the cancellous bone of distal femur through a series of mechanical tests, and provide relevant subjects with the basic technical data. BACKGROUNDS: The study on bone mechanics is a commonly used approach to evaluate the biomechanical competency of bone. The biomechanical properties of bone have come to be the precondition of the further research of these relevant clinical subjects. METHODS: In this paper, comprehensive items of mechanical properties of the cancellous bones of distal femur were conducted, and many valuable test results were obtained through a series of mechanical tests, which comprised tensile test, compression test, torsion test, shear test, bending test and impact test. The specimens were extracted from the normal corpses of Chinese donors died from acute head injury. As another key problem in this kind of experiment, the sampling and fixing method of cancellous bones specimens was developed and optimized in this research. RESULTS: A series of the experimental data of mechanical properties of cancellous bones were obtained in the tests, these experimental data include tensile strength, compression strength, yield tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, torsion strength, shear strength, torsion modulus, bending strength, yield shear limit and impact toughness, which can reflect the complex mechanical competency of bone, being of great value and practice in clinic and further research on cancellous bones. The mechanical properties of the cancellous bones of distal femur were analyzed and discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The biomechanical properties of the cancellous bones have a close relationship with individual difference. Comprehensive items of the mechanical properties of the bone can evaluate the mechanical performance of the bone better, and can provide more valuable data to relevant research.     

成骨生长肽羧基端片段及其衍生物对去卵巢大鼠骨生物力学性能的影响

目的探讨成骨生长肽羧基端片段(OGP10-14)及其衍生物G38I和G38K对去卵巢(OVX)骨质疏松大鼠股骨和腰椎生物力学性能的影响。方法56只3月龄SD雌性大鼠分为7组,1～6组行OVX手术,术后1～3组分别给予观察药物OGP(10-14)、G38I和G38K,4、5组分别给予利塞磷酸钠及阿伦磷酸钠作为治疗对照,6组术后给予安慰剂,7组为假手术组。术后第60天处死,分离股骨行三点弯曲实验,腰椎行压缩实验,检测并分析各组生物力学有关指标。结果OVX术后大鼠腰椎强度极限及最大应变分别下降为假手术组的80%和65%,变化较股骨明显,说明骨质疏松症早期,以松质骨为主的部位受累更加显著。OGP(10-14)及其衍生物治疗后,G38I,G38K组股骨弹性弯曲应力较OVX组显著升高,最大弯曲应力、弹性模量也有升高趋势,但差异无显著性。腰椎强度极限OGP(10-14)组升高达OVX组的1.28倍(P<0.01),与二磷酸盐治疗组近似,弹性模量OGP(10-14)组为OVX组的1.35倍。结论OGP(10-14)及其衍生物治疗后,在一定程度上提高了骨质疏松大鼠骨组织抗冲击、抗压缩的能力,改善了骨生物力学性能。     

Effects of glucocorticoid on BMD, micro-architecture and biomechanics of cancellous and cortical bone mass in OVX rabbits

The incidence of osteoporosis continues to increase with progressively aging populations. The purpose of this study was to detect the effects of glucocorticoid (GC) treatment on bone mineral density (BMD), biomechanical strength and micro-architecture in cancellous and cortical bone in ovariectomized (OVX) rabbits. Twenty adult female New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. The OVX-GC group (n=8) received a bilateral ovariectomy first and then daily GC treatment (methylprednisolone sodium succinate, 1mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks beginning 2 weeks after ovariectomy treatment. The OVX group (n=4) received a bilateral ovariectomy without GC treatment. The sham group (n=8) only received the sham operation. BMD was determined prior to and 6 weeks after the operation in the spine. Six weeks after the operation, the animals were sacrificed, and cancellous bone specimens were harvested from the femoral condyle and lumbar vertebrae. Cortical bone specimens were obtained from the femoral midshaft. The femoral specimens were scanned for apparent BMD. All specimens were tested mechanically and analyzed by microcompute tomography (micro-CT). In cancellous bone, GC treatment resulted in significant decreases in BMD, bone biomechanical strength and micro-architecture parameters in lumbar vertebrae. Similar trends in BMD and micro-architectural changes were also observed in the femoral condyle in the OVX-GC group compared with the sham group. However, there was no significant decline in any parameter in either lumbar vertebrae or femoral condyle in the OVX group. Similarly, no significant difference was found in any parameter in cortical bone among the three groups. Thus, the 4-week GC treatment in OVX rabbits could result in a significant bone loss in cancellous bone but not in cortical bone. This model is comparable to the osteoporosis-related changes in humans. OVX alone was not sufficient to induce osteoporosis.     

不同剂量糖皮质激素对大鼠骨密度和生物力学性能的影响

目的通过双能X射线骨密度仪(dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)、骨生物力学测试及骨组织计量学等方法研究不同剂量糖皮质激素摄入对正常3月龄大鼠骨骼的影响。方法 31只SPF级3月龄SD雌性大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、地塞米松(Dex)1、2.5、5 mg/kg组,每周尾静脉注射给药2次,共8周,对照组给予生理盐水对照。给药结束后,离体股骨和第3腰椎通过DXA进行骨矿含量(bone mineral content,BMC)、骨矿密度(bone mineral density,BMD)测定,全股骨和第5腰椎分别进行三点弯曲和压缩力学实验,并通过骨组织病理切片观察胫骨近端骨小梁的显微结构并定量分析。结果与正常组相比,所有激素组大鼠体重均明显降低,腰椎BMC、BMD及最大压缩载荷均未明显下降,全股骨BMC均有所降低,但只有Dex 1 mg组全股骨和股骨远端、近端BMD降低;Dex 1 mg组三点弯曲实验断裂载荷、最大载荷和弹性载荷都明显降低,而Dex 2.5 mg、Dex 5 mg组只有弹性载荷仍低于正常对照组。激素组骨小梁有空间密度分布不均现象,骨代谢处于低转换。结论应用糖皮质激素8周对3月龄大鼠骨骼的不利影响股骨较腰椎明显,股骨骨量丢失,力学性能下降,两者均无剂量依赖性。更高剂量Dex并没有增加骨量丢失和力学性能改变。力学性能特别是弹性载荷下降以及骨小梁密度分布不均,提示糖皮质激素更多的是引起骨质量下降。临床上应用糖皮质激素时,应使用多种方法评价其对骨骼的副作用。     

Whole-body vibration and resistance exercise prevent long-term hindlimb unloading-induced bone loss: independent and interactive effects

Skeletal unloading induced by disuse or immobilization causes a decrease in bone mass and strength. We investigated the relationship between whole-body vibration (WBV) and resistance exercise (RE) in preventing bone loss induced by 8-week hindlimb unloading in young male rats. Sixty male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to 6 groups: age-matched control group (CON, n?=?10), hindlimb unloading group (HU, n?=?10), hindlimb unloading?+?standing group (HU?+?ST, n?=?10), hindlimb unloading?+?WBV group (HU?+?WBV, n?=?10), hindlimb unloading?+?RE group (HU?+?RE, n?=?10) and hindlimb unloading?+?WBV?+?RE group (HU?+?WBV?+?RE, n?=?10). After 8-week hindlimb unloading, micro-CT scanning and three-point bending test were performed in the femur. Sera were collected for analysis of bone formation and resorption markers. Compared with HU group, WBV, RE and the combination of WBV and RE (WBV?+?RE) significantly improved (P??0.05). WBV had no effects on biomechanical properties of the femur diaphysis (P?>?0.05). RE and WBV?+?RE significantly increased maximum load and cross-sectional moment of inertia of the femur diaphysis in hindlimb unloading rats (P?相似文献   

股骨头松质骨力学性质实验研究

目的 研究股骨头松质骨力学性质，为临床提供生物力学参数。方法 对正常国人新鲜尸体股骨头松质骨的拉伸、压缩、扭转、剪切、弯曲、冲击力学性能进行实验研究。结果 得出了股骨头松质骨的拉伸、压缩破坏载荷、强度极限、弹性模量，扭转破坏扭矩、扭转剪切强度极限，弯曲破坏载荷、弯曲强度极限、剪切破坏载荷、剪切强度极限，冲击功、冲击韧性等测试指标的实验结果。结论 股骨头松质骨抗压强度大于抗拉强度，压缩弹性模量大于拉伸弹性模量，扭转强度大于剪切强度，抗弯强度与抗压强度接近。     

补肾益精方提高绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠模型松质骨骨质量的作用及其机制的研究

评价补肾益精方提高切卵术诱导的绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠模型松质骨骨质量的有效性并且探讨本方的作用机制。方法：４０只１２月龄Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雌性大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、补肾益精方组与倍美力组。处死以后,分别测定大鼠第二腰椎骨生物力学性能等参数。结果：各组腰椎宏观几何结构参数未见明显差异。与正常组比较,模型组的骨矿盐密度显著减少,骨胶原密度减少不显著;各用药组与模型组比较,补肾益精方组的骨矿盐密度与骨胶原密度分别上升３％和８％,倍美力组分别上升９％和１２％。模型组的力学参数显著低于正常组;补肾益精方组的弹性阶段的力学参数比模型组显著升高,但是倍美力组升高不显著;各用药组塑性阶段的力学参数与模型组比较均明显升高。结论：补肾益精方不仅能够提高模型松质骨的骨质量,而且改善模型松质骨弹性阶段的力学性能的作用相对优于倍美力。     

Combination of soy protein and high dietary calcium on bone biomechanics and bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats

OBJECTIVE: To determine if feeding soy in combination with a high-calcium diet would preserve bone mineral density and biomechanical bone strength to a greater extent than either soy or calcium alone. DESIGN: Rats were sham-operated (n = l0) and fed a control diet (AIN93G containing 0.2% calcium, 20% casein) or ovariectomized (n = 40) and randomized to one of the following diets (n = 10 per group): control, high calcium (2.5% calcium, 20% casein), soy (0.2% calcium, 20% soy protein), or soy plus high calcium (2.5% calcium, 20% soy protein) for 8 weeks. Bone mineral density of femurs and lumbar vertebrae 1 through 6 were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Biomechanical strength properties of femurs and the fifth lumbar vertebrae were measured by three-point bending and compression, respectively. RESULTS: The dietary combination of soy and high calcium did not result in higher femur bone mineral density compared with other ovariectomized groups, and there were no differences in femur yield load or peak load among groups. In contrast, soy plus high calcium resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) vertebral bone mineral density compared with all other ovariectomized groups. Vertebral strength was preserved among rats fed either soy plus high calcium, soy, or high calcium whereas the ovariectomized group fed a control diet had lower (P < 0.05) vertebral strength than the sham-operated group. CONCLUSION: Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was the only bone outcome that significantly benefited from the combination of soy and high calcium compared with soy or high calcium alone.