从电磁学观点探讨生命现象

目前在国际上开始重视生物机体的物理调节。本文从生物分子水平、细胞水平和器官水平介绍了生物体中存在着不同层次的电磁场，介绍了自然界电磁场和各种电磁波治疗仪的医学生物学效应以及弱电磁场引起生物效应的可能机制和有关理论。最后从电磁学观点对某些气功现象进行了分析。     

研究生心理压力源量表的编制

目的：编制研究生心理压力源量表。方法：首先，在访谈的基础上，初步编制了83个压力源项目。然后，对421名研究生进行了问卷测试．通过探索性因索分析进行项目的筛选和因子的提取。再次．用另一半427名研究生做验证性因素分析。结果：①通过项目分析，确定研究生心理压力源量表由70个项目组成。②探索性因素分析确定了研究生心理压力源量表的7因素结构，即学业、人际交往、就业和前途、家庭关系、婚姻爱情、经济、其它。7个维度的累积解释方差率为53．532％。③验证性因素分析证明该量表的理论结构模型拟合良好。④量表的α系数和分半信度分别为0．908．0．860．量表总分与SCL-90总分的相关系数在0．01水平上显著。结论：研究生心理压力源量表的信效度基本符合心理测量学的要求。     

靶向性基因治疗

靶向性基因治疗是一种理想的基因治疗模式，本文总结了近年来这一领域的发展情况，并从细胞水平及分子水平分别加以阐述，着重介绍受体介导的基因治疗和基因的同源重组。     

转基因动物及其在医学研究中的应用

转基因动物实验技术是近十多年发展起来的四维实验体系。它具有能在个体水平、从时间和空间角度同时观察基因表达功能和表型效应的独特优点，还具有“生物反应器”的功能，可应用于医学科学研究的许多方面，显示出了很好的应用前景。本文简要介绍了转基因动物的基本概念、制备技术，着重介绍了这套体系在发病机理研究，疾病动物模型建立、药物筛选、药用蛋白生产及基因治疗等医学研究中的应用。     

“创面治疗新技术的研发与转化应用系列丛书”(共26册)是“十三五”国家重点图书

正出版规划项目和2019年度国家出版基金资助项目,由我国创伤医学和组织修复与再生医学领域领军人付小兵院士担任总主编,各分册主编都是该领域的著名专家,作者群体实力雄厚,学术造诣高。丛书内容原创性强、观点新颖权威,是一部比较全面、系统介绍创面修复治疗新技术的研发与转化应用,展示我国创面修复学领域基础研究和临床治疗理论、技术和发展最新成果,科学、先进、实用的大型标志性系列学术专著,代表了我国目前创面修复学领域的国家级水平,具有很高的社会价     

可摘局部义齿设计三维可视化专家系统

介绍了一套可摘局部义齿设计的专家系统，利用三维可视化技术，可直观、立体的显示修复设计效果。论述了三维图形库建立的方法，其中牙列三维模型由从CT获得的二维断面序列重建而成，义齿部件模型由专家在此基础上绘制。另外介绍了知识库设计的方法。最后，给出了两例牙列缺损修复设计的图示结果。     

组织激肽释放酶家族、激肽释放酶—激肽原—激肽系统及其重要应用

目前已明确，人组织激肽释放酶基因家族至少由15个基因组成，都定位于19q13．3—13．4，在基因结构、蛋白水平及三级结构上都有明显同源性。本总结了组织激肽释放酶基因家族、激肽释放酶—激肽原—激肽系统的研究近况，并介绍了其在心血管疾病和肿瘤方面的重要应用。     

“创面治疗新技术的研发与转化应用系列丛书”书评

正"创面治疗新技术的研发与转化应用系列丛书"(共26册)是"十三五"国家重点图书出版规划项目和2019年度国家出版基金资助项目。由我国创伤修复与组织再生医学首席科学家付小兵院士担任总主编。丛书内容原创性强、观点新颖权威,是一部比较全面、系统介绍创面修复治疗新技术的研发与转化应用,展示我国创面修复学领域基础研究和临床治疗理论、技术和发展最新成果,科学、先进、实用的大型标志性系列学术著作,代表了我国目前创面修复学领域的国家级水平,具有很高的社会价值、学术价值和实用价值。     

靶向性基因治疗

靶向性基因治疗是一种理想的基因治疗模式，本文总结了近年来这一领域的发展情况，并从细胞水平及分子水平分别加以阐述，着重介绍受体个导的基因治疗和基因的同源重组。     

医保项目自动对照处理

本文从医保费用清单实现的背景、医院医保实际工作出发，详细介绍了医保费用清单的内容，重点阐述了建立触发器的方式解决医保项目自动对照处理的方法及设计思路，为医院信息系统与医保中心数据库的数据保持一致性提供了解决方案。     

The Virtual Physiological Human - a European initiative for in silico human modelling -

The Virtual Physiological Human (VPH) is an initiative, strongly supported by the European Commission (EC), that seeks to develop an integrated model of human physiology at multiple scales from the whole body through the organ, tissue, cell and molecular levels to the genomic level. VPH had its beginnings in 2005 with informal discussions amongst like-minded scientists which led to the STEP project, a Coordination Action funded by the EC that began in early 2006. The STEP project greatly accelerated the progress of the VPH and proved to be a catalyst for wide-ranging discussions within Europe and for outreach activities designed to develop a broad international approach to the huge scientific and technological challenges involved in this area. This paper provides an overview of the VPH and the developments it has engendered in the rapidly expanding worldwide activities associated with the physiome. It then uses one particular project, the Living Human Project, to illustrate the type of advances that are taking place to further the aims of the VPH and similar initiatives worldwide.     

The Junior Faculty Laboratory: an innovative model of peer mentoring

Mentoring in academic medicine has been shown to contribute to the success of junior faculty, resulting in increased productivity, career satisfaction, and opportunities for networking. Although traditional dyadic mentoring, involving one senior faculty member and one junior protégé, is the dominant model for mentoring in the academic environment, there is increasing recognition that the sharing of knowledge, skills, and experiences among peers may also contribute to the career development of junior faculty. The authors describe the structure, activities, and outcomes of the Junior Faculty Laboratory (JFL), a self-organized, flexible, and dynamic peer-mentoring model within the Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development. As an innovative mentoring model, JFL is entirely peer driven, and its activities are determined by the real-time needs of members. In contrast to some other peer-mentoring models, JFL lacks senior faculty input or a structured curriculum, members are multidisciplinary, meeting times are project driven rather than preset, and participation in collaborative projects is optional based on the interests and needs of group members. Additionally, JFL was not formed as a substitute for, but as a complement to, the dyadic mentoring relationships enjoyed by its members. The model, now in its fifth year, has demonstrated success and sustainability. The authors present the JFL as an innovative, mentoring model that can be reproduced by other junior faculty seeking to foster collegial relationships with peers while simultaneously enhancing their career development.     

Human papilloma virus and cervical cancer. An historical review on the development of research on cancer of the cervix uteri in Venezuela

The history on the relationship of VPH infection and cervical cancer was examined. Findings were initially reported in Maracaibo(1971), later in Mexico(1973) and thereafter several studies on the ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry of VPH infection and its role on cervical cancer were described. The ultrastructural findings of viral particles of HPV and their proteins, as well as their role in the incorporation of the viral genome to the human cervical cells were also described. Glycoproteins on the surface of cervical cells were reviewed and their importance on HPV infection was related to p16, blood group antigens and early genetic changes in the cell cycle with loss of heterozigocity, all of which, stimulated by the high risk HPV infection lead to cervical cancer.     

Improving access of associated states to advanced concepts in medical telematics--a day before the accession to EU

Central and Eastern Europe countries (CEEC) undertook considerable efforts to include themselves in the main research and development activities in the area of health telematics in Europe. Countries of this region demonstrate diversified environments of economy transformation and health care systems status. The transition phase to market economy brings essential risks to the healthcare system performance. It seems that efforts of developing e-health environment in CEEC could be substantially accelerated by extended co-operation with partners from current member states of the European Union. The PRO-ACCESS project was initiated in the late phase of fifth Framework Programme as supporting action. It focused on the transfer of current concepts in medical telematics to countries remaining in the pre-accession phase. The process of dissemination of up-to-date approaches to e-health environment development is carried out by the Krakow Centre of Telemedicine and is supported by leading health telematics centres in Europe. To accelerate the dissemination activities the network of co-operating centres in CEEC was established. The strategy employed within the PRO-ACCESS project is supposed to yield "critical mass" necessary for facilitating the e-health development in this region of Europe. The activities employed to reach this objective included publishing activities, events and trainings as well as intake of solutions from supporting centres.     

Educating future physicians for Ontario: phase II.

In 1990, a collaborative project was launched to determine what the people of Ontario expect of their physicians and how the programs that prepare future physicians should be changed in response. The project, called Educating Future Physicians for Ontario (EFPO), brought together the five Ontario medical schools, the Council of Ontario Faculties of Medicine (COFM); a nonprofit, charitable organization, Associated Medical Services (AMS); and the Ontario Ministry of Health. The first phase ran for five years and was described in the November 1998 issue of Academic Medicine. After an external review, the project was continued for a second phase (EFPO II) for four more years until December 1998; that second phase is the topic of this article. EFPO II (1) focused more on residents' education; (2) emphasized four of the EFPO I-created physician roles in project activities; (3) maintained the province-wide, inter-institutional medical education framework of phase I, but fostered greater involvement of the seven sites (five medical schools and two regional health centers) in project activities; (4) stressed five project components (e.g., needs assessment and community partnerships) and worked for collaboration among components at all sites; (5) enhanced the original EFPO I Fellowship Program by adding residents and community fellows to the existing fellowships and by initiating leadership development activities, all of which bode well for the future leadership of medical education in Ontario. Students and residents played a vital role in EPFO II. Most of EFPO II's objectives were met, but the overall view of external reviewers was that the project was less successful than EFPO I. For example, the impact on clinical education, especially residency education, was less than anticipated. On the other hand, the project helped encourage the wide adoption of the eight physician roles that originated in EFPO I and advanced faculty development and assessment activities based on these roles. A third phase of EFPO concerning continuing medical education was planned, but support was not available. However, one of the funders will continue to support the successful fellowship and leadership program and the provincial education network for the next three years. Overall, the two phases of EFPO substantially modified medical education in Ontario to make it more responsive to evolving social needs.     

Analysis of prevalence of point mutations in codon 12 of oncogene K-ras from non-cancerous samples of cervical cytology positive for type 16 or 18 PVH

Ninety-one non cancerous samples from genital specimens positives for VPH 16 or 18 and 27 non-infected samples as controls were studied. Mutations at codon 12 in K-ras gene was analyzed using enriched alelic PCR technique. Among the samples studied 17.58% showed mutations in this codon. Significant differences were observed between the control group (negative DNA-HPV) and positives DNA-HPV samples (p < 0.01). No differences were found between both viral types in relation to the mutation frequency. The presence of mutations in the K-ras gene in non cancerous cytological samples point out new questions about the role of mutations in proto-oncogenes and the development of cervical cancer.     

白细胞介素-22、β-防御素-2与呼吸系统的免疫调节及哮喘关系的研究进展

白细胞介素(IL)-22是一种有活性的细胞因子,具有抗炎和促炎两种活性,其受体在呼吸道上皮细胞高度表达,参与呼吸道的固有免疫.人类β-防御素有6种,其中人β-防御素-2是最早被发现的具有诱导性表达的防御素,主要来源于呼吸系统,与呼吸系统疾病的发生发展密切相关.IL-22及β-防御素-2在呼吸道均具有免疫调节作用,在一定程度上参与哮喘的发生发展.     

The timing and sequence of events in the development of the human digestive system and associated structures during the embryonic period proper

Summary A documented scheme of the early development of the human digestive system is presented. It is based on (1) reports of workers who personally studied staged embryos, and (2) personal observations and confirmations. The necessity of studying staged embryos in order to determine the precise sequence of developmental events is stressed.Supported by research programme project grant No. HD-08658, Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (U.S.A.)     

A screen of yeast respiratory mutants for sensitivity against the mycotoxin citrinin identifies the vacuolar ATPase as an essential factor for the toxicity mechanism

In countries with a hot climate the mycotoxin citrinin represents a serious problem in fungal food-poisoning. In humans the renal system is affected the most and the mitochondrial respiratory chain was identified as a possible sensitive target for this toxin. In addition, citrinin has an antifungal activity that also inhibits the growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. So far the precise mode of action and the subcellular targets for citrinin have not been identified. Therefore, we decided to use the model organism yeast for a genetic approach to identify genes that play a role in the sensitivity against this mycotoxin. A large collection of conditional respiratory deficient yeast mutants was screened for sensitivity against citrinin. One special pet-ts mutant was identified that exhibited a higher sensitivity against citrinin. The genetic system of yeast allowed the isolation of the respective wild-type gene. This yeast gene encodes the Vph2p subunit that is essential for the correct assembly of the vacuolar ATPase. Isolation of the mutated gene and gene-disruption experiments of VPH2 and the partially overlapping small YKL118W gene verified this finding. The wild-type VPH2 gene restores all defects of the mutants. In contrast to this, YKL118W gave no complementation and the null mutant showed no phenotype. Thereby the yeast vacuolar ATPase was found to be important for the toxic effect of citrinin in yeast cells. The consequences of this finding for the molecular mechanism of citrinin action and its relation to the mitochondrial respiratory chain are discussed. Received: 18 November / 27 December 1999