抗鸭坦布苏病毒非结构蛋白1(NS1)单克隆抗体的制备

目的 应用制备纯化的鸭坦布苏病毒(DTMUV)非结构蛋白1(NS1),制备其单克隆抗体(mAb)并鉴定抗体的特异性.方法 将纯化的NS1蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,聚乙二醇(PEG)处理小鼠脾细胞与Sp2/0细胞融合,经ELISA筛选和亚克隆得2株NS1单克隆抗体细胞株,命名为NS1B、NS1E.利用ELISA测定NS1...     

禽流感病毒血凝素H5特异性单克隆抗体的制备及ELISA捕获法的建立

目的 制备和鉴定禽流感病毒(H5N1)血凝素(H5)特异性单克隆抗体(mAb),建立H5抗原的双抗体夹心ELISA捕获法.方法 以H5血凝素和携带H5全长基因的质粒免疫Balb/c小鼠制备mAb,利用血凝抑制(HI)实验筛选和鉴定,通过竞争抑制试验分析抗体识别表位,并采用抗体配对试验筛选捕获抗体和检测抗体,建立测定H5抗原的双抗体夹心ELISA捕获法.结果 获得16株特异性针对H5的单克隆抗体,与A型流感病毒H1、H3、H7、H9和B型流感病毒的血凝素无HI交叉反应,对H5血凝素的血凝抑制效价为1:100～1:51 200;通过配对实验,建立以单克隆抗体H5M9为捕获抗体,辣根过氧化物酶标记单克隆抗体H5M11为检测抗体的双抗体夹心ELISA;检测多株H5N1病毒和H5血凝素的最低检出值为1/32血凝单位,检测A型流感病毒H1N1、H3N2、B型流感病毒以及H7、H9血凝素均为阴性.结论 建立了一种灵敏度高、特异性强的测定H5抗原的ELISA捕获法,可应用于禽流感病毒H5N1感染的实验室早期诊断.     

H11亚型禽流感病毒血凝素特异性单克隆抗体的制备

禽流感（avian influenza，AI）是由A型流感病毒（AIV）引起的一种禽类的感染和（或）疾病综合征。本病在世界各国均有存在，我国自1992年报道AI以来，已分离到了多株病毒，绝大多数都是低致病力毒株，却也给养禽业造成巨大的经济损失。血凝抑制试验（HI）试验快速、简便，且价格低廉，因此是最常用的一种检测AIV的方法。但多抗血清的制备比较繁琐，不同批次的抗体质量差异大。如能制备出针对AIV HA蛋白的mAb，将会弥补以上多抗血清的缺点，还可无限制的制备同质的抗体。     

西尼罗病毒NS1蛋白特异性单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的:制备针对西尼罗病毒NS1蛋白的特异性单克隆抗体。方法:以原核表达的重组NS1蛋白为免疫原,免疫BALB/c小鼠并通过常规杂交瘤技术将免疫后小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0细胞进行融合。以真核表达的重组NS1蛋白为检测用抗原,建立间接ELISA检测方法筛选分泌NS1蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞。并利用Western blot和IFA试验对所获得的单克隆抗体进行鉴定。结果:共获得了2株稳定分泌NS1蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为WN-1C10和WN-3D10,其亚类鉴定分别属于IgG2a和IgG1。这2株单克隆抗体均能与西尼罗病毒NS1蛋白和病毒抗原发生特异性反应,而与日本脑炎病毒无交叉反应。结论:本实验成功制备出针对西尼罗病毒NS1蛋白的特异性单克隆抗体,为我国建立西尼罗病毒与日本脑炎病毒的血清学鉴别诊断方法奠定了基础。     

登革病毒非结构蛋白NS1群特异性单克隆抗体的制备及初步应用

目的制备登革病毒NS1群特异性单克隆抗体,建立可检测登革病毒1～4型NS1抗原的ELISA检测法,为登革热的早期快速诊断奠定基础。方法应用毕赤酵母表达系统分泌表达登革病毒2型重组非结构蛋白NS1,以此为抗原免疫BABL/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合,经HAT选择培养、间接ELISA筛选和亚克隆,获得能稳定分泌登革病毒NS1群特异性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株;用所获得的单克隆抗体建立可检测1～4型登革病毒NS1抗原的双抗体夹心ELISA法。结果从登革病毒2型NS1重组毕赤酵母（Pichia Pastoris-NS1）中获得了大量纯化的登革病毒重组NS1蛋白;经免疫小鼠、细胞融合、间接ELISA筛选及3次亚克隆后,最终获得2株能高效分泌抗登革病毒NS1单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株2D7B6B4和2D10E2F6,间接ELISA显示抗体效价高达1∶8000～1∶16000;ELISA及免疫荧光检测证实,其所分泌的抗体与1～4型登革病毒及其重组NS1蛋白均有特异性免疫反应,为登革病毒NS1群特异性单克隆抗体;两株单克隆抗体均为IgG2a亚类;初步建立了检测4个血清型登革病毒NS1抗原的双抗体夹心ELISA法。结论成功研制出两株能高效分泌抗登革病毒NS1群特异性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。初步建立了可检测1～4型登革病毒NS1抗原的双抗体夹心ELISA检测法。     

我国分离人H5N1禽流感病毒血凝素基因特性的研究

目的 分析我国分离的人高致病性禽流感H5N1病毒的抗原性以及基因特性.方法 对所分离的H5N1病毒的血凝素基因和神经氨酸酶基因进行序列测定.结果 对血凝素基因的序列测定结果表明从我国分离的H5N1病毒具有较高的同源性,但是与越南、泰国等国家分离的H5N1病毒明显不同.序列测定的结果同时表明无论是受体特异性还是连接肽都是禽源的.结论 目前我国分离的H5N1病毒属于同一个组,与泰国、越南分离毒株不同,并且发现病毒的特性仍然是禽源的,没有发现从禽到人的重组或者重配。     

口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白3D单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的:制备并鉴定口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)非结构蛋白3D的单克隆抗体(mAb).方法:以纯化的原核表达3D蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠, 取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合, 杂交瘤细胞经间接ELISA法筛选, 有限稀释法克隆, 直至所克隆的细胞能够100%的分泌抗体, 用Western blot以及间接免疫荧光法对mAbs的特异性等进行鉴定.结果:免疫的BALB/c小鼠经过多次融合筛选, 共获得5株抗pET28a-3D的mAb, 其亚类鉴定3株为IgG1 , 2株为IgG2b, 初步判定所得5株mAb识别2个不同表位.Western blot显示这些mAbs与重组3D蛋白和FMDV O/China99感染的BHK-21细胞中的3D抗原均特异性结合, 免疫荧光结果显示这5株mAb能够特异结合FMDV感染细胞中的3D蛋白.结论:成功获得了能识别自然3D蛋白的特异性mAb , 为进一步研究3D蛋白的结构和功能以及诊断方法奠定基础.     

抗禽流感病毒H7亚型血凝素特异性单克隆抗体的研制

目的:研制禽流感病毒H7亚型血凝素特异性单克隆抗体(mAb)。方法:以H7亚型禽流感诊断抗原为免疫原免疫6～8周雌性BALB/c小鼠,末次加强免疫后取其脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞Sp2/0-Ag-14进行融合。通过HA和HI试验筛选阳性克隆。应用HI试验和Western blot试验测定mAb的反应性和特异性。结果:共获得4株分泌抗AIVH7亚型HAmAbs的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为2E2、2A4、5F5、7G5。这些mAb的腹水HI效价在5×27～5×211之间,其中2E2属于IgM亚类,2A4属于IgG1亚类,5F5、7G5属于IgG2a亚类。Western blot分析结果显示,4株AIVH7亚型HAmAb能与AIVH7蛋白在Mr75000处反应,但不与新城疫病毒(NDV)蛋白发生反应,表明这些mAb能特异性识别AIVH7亚型HA。mAbHI反应性测定结果表明:4株mAb中,2E2、5F5、7G5只与H7亚型AIV发生特异性HI反应,而不与其他亚型AIV以及NDV、传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)反应,显示出良好的特异性;而2A4除了与H7亚型AIV反应外,还与H15N8标准株发生低水平交叉反应。结论:这些mAb不仅为H7亚型AIV的HA结构分析提供了工具,而且为建立快速廉价的H7亚型禽流感诊断方法提供了核心试剂。     

高致病性禽流感H5N1病毒研究进展

1997年8月发现首例人禽流感病例以来,不断有人禽流感病例发生,截至2007年3月1日,WHO报道的经实验室确证的H5N1禽流感感染者共277例,死亡167例,死亡率超过50%。目前WHO对禽流感的预警是3级,即是一种新的流感亚型,已经在人类中引起严重疾病,但还没有在人类中持续传播流行。本文就目前H5N1禽流感病毒来源,跨越物种传播的机制,致病力决定因素及人间传播能力等几个关键的基础问题研究进展进行综述。     

高致病性禽流感H5N1病毒研究进展

1997年8月发现首例人禽流感病例以来,不断有人禽流感病例发生,截至2007年3月1日,WHO报道的经实验室确证的H5N1禽流感感染者共277例,死亡167例,死亡率超过50％。目前WHO对禽流感的预警是3级,即是一种新的流感亚型,已经在人类中引起严重疾病,但还没有在人类中持续传播流行。本文就目前H5N1禽流感病毒来源,跨越物种传播的机制,致病力决定因素及人间传播能力等几个关键的基础问题研究进展进行综述。     

羊驼抗H5N1血凝素重链可变区-人IgGFc段嵌合抗体的制备和鉴定

本研究旨在制备羊驼抗H5N1禽流感病毒的重链抗体可变区-人Fc段嵌合体抗体制备,对所得嵌合抗体进行制备和功能鉴定,为临床应用奠定基础。用pET-22b表达载体构建抗H5N1禽流感病毒羊驼重链可变区(VHH)-人IgG1Fc嵌合基因,以包涵体形式表达VHH23-hFc嵌合抗体蛋白,采用优化的方法复性后,获得高纯度VHH23-hFc嵌合抗体,用ELISA法鉴定嵌合抗体亲和力、热稳定性和小鼠体内的半衰期。结果显示,透析复性后原核表达的抗H5N1禽流感病毒VHH23-hFc嵌合抗体亲和力为2.24×106 mol/L,具有较好免疫学活性,热稳定性也较好,小鼠体内半衰期达到35h,为下一步开展该抗体的体内外病毒中和试验奠定良好基础。     

Substrate specificity of avian influenza H5N1 neuraminidase

AIM: To characterise neuraminidase(NA) substrate specificity of avian influenza H5N1 strains from humans and birds comparing to seasonal influenza virus.METHODS: Avian influenza H5N1 strains from humans and birds were recruited for characterising their NA substrate specificity by using a modified commercial fluorescence Amplex Red assay. This method can identify the preference of α2,6-linked sialic acid or α2,3-linked sialic acid. Moreover, to avoid the bias of input virus, reverse genetic virus using NA gene from human isolated H5N1 were generated and used to compare with the seasonal influenza virus. Lastly, the substrate specificity profile was further confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) analysis of the enzymatic product. RESULTS: The H5N1 NA showed higher activity on α2,3-linked sialic acid than α2,6-linked(P 0.0001). To compare the NA activity between the H5N1 and seasonal influenza viruses, reverse genetic viruses carrying the NA of H5N1 viruses and NA from a seasonal H3N2 virus was generated. In these reverse genetic viruses, the NA activity of the H5N1 showed markedly higher activity against α2,3-linked sialic acid than that of the H3N2 virus, whereas the activities on α2,6-linkage were comparable. Interestingly, NA from an H5N1 human isolate that was previously shown to have heamagglutinin(HA) with dual specificity showed reduced activity on α2,3-linkage. To confirm the substrate specificity profile, HPLC analytic of enzymatic product was performed. Similar to Amplex red assay, H5N1 virus showed abundant preference on α2,3-linked sialic acid.CONCLUSION: H5N1 virus maintains the avian specific NA and NA changes may be needed to accompany changes in HA receptor preference for the viral adaptation to humans.     

抗H5N1禽流感病毒羊驼重链单域抗体的制备和功能鉴定

目的:获得具有中和活性、高特异性和稳定性的抗H5N1禽流感病毒血凝素蛋白(HA)的羊驼重链单域(VHH)抗体。方法:利用pET-22b表达载体诱导表达抗H5N1禽流感病毒HA VHH抗体蛋白,以包涵体形式表达的VHH抗体蛋白采用最优复性方法进行复性后,获得高纯度的VHH抗体,分别采用ELISA法鉴定VHH抗体的亲和力和热稳定性,采用血凝抑制实验鉴定抗体的特异性和体外中和活性。结果:经复性的抗H5N1禽流感HA VHH抗体对H5N1禽流感病毒HA具有良好的特异性。通过对三种不同复性方法比较,利用柱上复性的VHH23抗体具有较好的热稳定性,亲和力为9.1×10-7mol/L,同时对H5N1禽流感病毒HA具有良好的体外中和活性。结论:实验结果表明通过原核表达获得具有较好中和活性、特异性及稳定性的抗H5N1禽流感病毒VHH抗体,为进一步开展抗体的体内病毒中和试验奠定良好基础。     

抗H9亚型禽流感病毒血凝素单克隆抗体的制备及初步鉴定

目的 :制备抗禽流感病毒 (AIV)H9亚型血凝素蛋白的单克隆抗体 (mAb)。方法 :以AIVH9亚型油乳剂灭活疫苗作为免疫原 ,免疫 8wk龄BALB/c小鼠。采用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备抗AIVH9亚型血凝素蛋白的mAb ;采用ELISA和血凝抑制试验(HI)检测腹水mAb的效价 ;采用ELISA、HI、免疫荧光染色 (IF)及Westernblot鉴定mAb的特异性。结果 :获得 3株可稳定分泌特异性mAb的杂交瘤细胞株 2A3、2H1和 1C8,其腹水mAb的ELISA效价依次为 1× 10 7、1× 10 5和 5× 10 6,血凝抑制效价为 1× 2 8～ 1× 2 13 ;3株mAb的Ig亚类均为IgG1。以mAb 2H1进行Westernblot的结果显示 ,该mAb能与AIV的Mr 为 75 0 0 0的蛋白条带起反应 ,表明其是针对AIVH9亚型血凝素蛋白的mAb。与 32株AIVH9亚型国内分离株进行血凝抑制试验表明 ,mAb 2H1具有良好的广谱性。结论 :成功地制备了抗AIVH9亚型血凝素蛋白的mAb ,为AIV的抗原性分析、血清学诊断、疫苗质量的监测及流行病学调查等奠定了基础     

H5N1病毒HA蛋白对小鼠外周免疫器官的损伤及其机制

目的研究H5N1病毒HA蛋白作用于小鼠后对其外周免疫器官脾脏的损伤其相关细胞因子的分泌。方法通过昆虫-杆状病毒表达系统表达H5N1病毒HA蛋白,并经镍亲和磁珠纯化,将重组的HA蛋白作用于小鼠,72 h后,取其脾脏,观察其镜下形态学变化;分离脾细胞并培养,检测其细胞因子的分泌。结果脾组织病理表现为局部性弥漫性肺泡损伤,单核细胞侵润,脾脏肿胀,毛细血管充血,生发中心局部结构破坏,有空泡样改变,淋巴细胞减少,见较多大单核吞噬细胞。HA蛋白预处理的小鼠其脾细胞分泌IP-10、MCP-1a、Rantes较PBS预处理的小鼠明显增高;同时HA蛋白预处理组小鼠脾细胞在LPS刺激后分泌的IFN-γ、IP-10、MCP-1a、Rantes较PBS处理的小鼠其脾细胞明显增高。结论气道给予H5N1 HA表面膜蛋白能够始动异常的免疫应答,引起急性肺损伤和外周淋巴器官与免疫细胞破坏。     

Generation and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies against influenza virus A, subtype H5N1

The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N1 in 1997 has since resulted in large outbreaks in poultry and in transmission from poultry to humans, mostly in southeast Asia, but also in several European countries. Effective diagnosis and control measures are essential for the management of HPAIV infections. To develop a rapid diagnostic test, a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against influenza virus A subtype H5 was generated. Eleven mAbs were produced and characterised according to their reactivity by indirect and sandwich ELISA and western blotting against different H5 subtypes representing past and viruses currently circulating. Ten out of 11 mAbs reacted strongly with the haemagglutinin (HA) protein of H5 viruses, whereas one mAb reacted with the M1 protein. Targeted HA protein epitopes seemed to be conformational. One hybridoma clone binds to a linear epitope of the M1 protein. One specific mAb reacts with HPAIV H5 in the immunofluorescence test, and two antibodies neutralised H5 viruses. On the basis of the results, the set of seven mAbs is appropriate for developing diagnostic tests. With the generated mAbs, a sandwich ELISA was developed recognising all H5N1 strains tested but no other influenza viruses. With this ELISA, as little as 0.005 HA units or 0.1 ng/ml H5N1 was detected, surpassing other ELISA tests. The novel reagents have the potential to improve significantly available rapid antigen detection systems.     

Preparation of anti-idiotypic antibody against avian influenza virus subtype H9

To generate monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies(mAb2)against avian influenza virus subtype H9(H9 AⅣ),BALB/c mice were immunized with purified chicken anti-H9-AⅣ IgG and the splenocytes of immunized mice werefused with myeloma cells NS-1.Hybridoma cells were screened by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayswith both chicken and rabbit anti-H9-AⅣ IgG as coating antigens.One hybridoma cell clone secreting monoclonalantibody against idiotypes shared by both chicken and rabbit anti-H9-AⅣ IgG was established.Experimentsdemonstrated the mAb2 was able to inhibit the binding of hemagglutinin to anti-H9-AⅣ IgG and to inducechickens to generate hemagglutination inhibition antibodies,indicating this anti-species-sharing-idiotypic antibodybore the internal image of hemagglutinin on avian influenza virus.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2005;2(2):155-157.     

Dogs are highly susceptible to H5N1 avian influenza virus

Replication of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in dogs may facilitate their adaptation in humans; however, the data to date on H5N1 influenza virus infection in dogs are conflicting. To elucidate the susceptibility of dogs to this pathogen, we infected two groups of 6 beagles with 10⁶ 50% egg-infectious dose of H5N1 AIV A/bar-headed goose/Qinghai/3/05 (BHG/QH/3/05) intranasally (i.n.) and intratracheally (i.t.), respectively. The dogs showed disease symptoms, including anorexia, fever, conjunctivitis, labored breathing and cough, and one i.t. inoculated animal died on day 4 post-infection. Virus shedding was detected from all 6 animals inoculated i.n. and one inoculated i.t. Virus replication was detected in all animals that were euthanized on day 3 or day 5 post-infection and in the animal that died on day 4 post-infection. Our results demonstrate that dogs are highly susceptible to H5N1 AIV and may serve as an intermediate host to transfer this virus to humans.