纳米材料产生细胞毒性原因的研究进展

纳米颗粒通常指直径在100nm以下的颗粒物质。近年来随着纳米技术的飞速发展,纳米材料被医用于工程、信息技术、化妆品、医药卫生等许多领域。特别是在生物医学领域,纳米材料在组织工程、控释药物载体、介入治疗器械、生物大分子分离等方面呈现出广泛的应用前景。但在纳米材料的应用过程中,其毒性作用也逐渐引起人们的关注,纳米材料毒性作用的研究不仅为纳米材料和设备的安全性评价提供了理论依据,而且进一步扩展纳米技术的应用领域。目前,关     

纳米材料的研究进展及其在生物医学中的应用

纳米材料和纳米技术是八十年代以来兴起的一个崭新的领域，随着研究的深入和技术的发展，纳米材料开始与许多学科相互交叉、渗透，显示出巨大的潜在应用价值，并且已经在一些领域获得了初步的应用。本文主要介绍了纳米材料的一些基本概念和特性，并对纳米陶瓷材料、纳为碳材料、纳米高分子材料、微乳液以及纳米复合材料等在生物医学领域中的研究进展和研究进展和应用做了综述。     

纳米材料在组织工程中的应用研究

组织工程研究领域中,支架材料与细胞的相互作用是主要的研究课题。支架材料表面的微观结构对细胞的生物调控作用更为重要。纳米材料因具有一些独特的效应,如体积效应和表面效应,有利于细胞的粘附、增殖和功能的增强,因而作为组织工程支架有良好的应用前景。目前用于组织工程研究的纳米材料主要有无机纳米材料、高分子纳米材料、复合纳米材料,仿生纳米材料的研究和利用将极大地促进组织工程学的发展。本文就近年来纳米材料的制备方法以及其在组织工程中的应用研究现状进行了综述。     

纳米材料在骨缺损治疗中的应用开发

临床上各种原因造成的骨缺损十分常见,但骨缺损的治疗至今没有一个有效的方法。纳米材料作为一种新型的生物材料在此领域的应用开发日益得到学者的重视。就纳米材料在骨缺损治疗中的应用开发研究情况作一综述。     

纳米材料在医学检测与疾病诊断中的应用

纳米材料具有尺寸小、比表面积高的特点,在光、声、电、热、磁等性质上有着不同于其他传统材料的独特之处。随着纳米材料研究的不断进步,越来越多的功能化纳米材料以及相关器件凭借着高灵敏度、高特异性、准确、快速等优点,在医学检测领域得到了广泛应用。纳米材料的快速发展可以为临床诊断提供新的方法,为疾病的预防以及治疗提供更多的科学依据。纳米材料在多种疾病的诊断上均有着较大的发展潜力和广阔的应用前景。本文概述了纳米材料的特性及其用于医学检测的原理,介绍了纳米材料在传染病、恶性肿瘤、糖尿病、神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病等医学检测中的应用研究进展,并对未来的发展和应用做了展望与评述。     

磁性纳米材料在生物医学中的研究进展

磁性纳米材料由于其独特的结构和优异的性能被广泛地应用于医学诊断、药物缓释、生物医学等领域。本文对磁性纳米材料在生物分离与纯化、可控药物释放和磁共振成像等方面的应用进行了综述,并对磁性纳米材料的发展方向进行了展望。     

纳米材料在组织工程体外细胞培养中的应用进展

组织工程包括细胞和生物支架两部分.其中细胞的活性在很大程度上取决于支架材料的优劣.良好的生物支架应该能尽可能地模拟细胞在体内的内环境,从而提供细胞生长所需的微环境.纳米材料由于很好地模拟了细胞在体内的拓扑结构,从而在组织工程领域得到了越来越广泛的应用.综述了纳米材料在各种细胞体外培养中的作用,初步探讨了纳米材料对细胞促进作用的机制,并对纳米材料在肝脏组织工程中的应用进行了展望.     

纳米材料在骨缺损治疗中的应用开发

临床上各种原因造成的骨缺损十分常见，但骨缺损的治疗至今没有一个有效的方法。纳米材料作为一种新型的生物材料在此领域的应用开发日益得到学者的重视。就纳米材料在骨缺损治疗中的应用开发研究情况作一综述。     

石墨烯等碳纳米材料在心肌组织工程中的应用

具有良好导电性能的碳纳米材料,如碳纳米管及石墨烯,有望恢复心肌梗死后梗死区瘢痕组织所致的心肌组织电传导阻滞及心脏电活动紊乱,在心肌组织工程领域展现出重要的应用价值.文章综述了短碳纳米管特性、合成方法和导电纳米材料在心肌再生领域研究进展,阐述石墨烯的性能、作为生物支架材料在心肌组织工程中的应用、毒性等,并探讨了基于碳纳米...     

纳米材料在口腔医学中的应用研究

纳米材料是一种多功能新型材料,其颗粒大小约在1~100 nm。纳米粒子具有独特的性能,如比表面积大,物理、机械和生物特性以及抗菌作用等,使其加入可以有效改善材料的光学、化学、电学和力学性能。近年来随着对纳米材料的深入研究,其在医学领域的应用逐渐增加。纳米材料可被应用于牙体牙髓,牙周组织工程,口腔外科和成像等中。本文针对常见纳米颗粒在口腔医学中的应用作一综述。     

Strategic challenges of the Internet to the laboratory informatics

The rapid and general spread of the internet brings a lot of trials for its applications to our fields also. They include delivery of various information using the home page or e-mail, online consultation systems, quality control systems through the internet and more. So far, the security issues have been well managed with skillful administration of software and hardware. A part of them have been achieved the outstanding merits of the internet, but mostly more devices or investigation will be required to realize their intrinsic great virtue. The revolutionary progress of the network will never stop, rather will be accelerated more and more, and at last will lead us to the new era, in which all people in the world can communicate with each other at all times through the network, that may be named as the hyper-network community. So we all must considerate how to adapt our academic and medical field to the new era, rather than how to apply the internet in our field.     

深度学习在放射学科和麻醉学交叉领域的应用进展

随着互联网和人工智能的应用,很多医疗领域变得更加高效和可靠。现代麻醉学的范畴已经不再局限于手术室内,还包括门诊、内镜科等,这就使麻醉医生的负担进一步加重。放射学科与麻醉学的结合为麻醉手术提供了更精确、更安全和更高效的方法,而深度学习技术的快速发展为该领域带来了许多前沿创新。该文综合归纳了近年来深度学习在该交叉领域的相关研究成果,并对相关应用进行了分类和总结。通过对文献的分析,该文重点讨论了医学影像领域的图像识别和目标定位等具体应用,并探讨了深度学习在麻醉学领域的局限性和未来发展方向。     

涂层材料及技术在医学临床领域的应用

背景：涂层材料及技术已在人们的生产生活中广泛应用,在医学领域里也得到了蓬勃发展。 目的：综述涂层材料及技术在医学领域中的应用进展。 方法：应用计算机检索2000-01/2010-12万方数据库相关文章,检索词“涂层,医学,应用”,并限定文章语言种类为中文。同时计算机检索2000-01/2010-12 PubMed数据库相关文章,检索词“coating,medicine,application”,并限定文章语言种类为English。共检索到文献614篇,最终纳入符合标准的文献30篇。 结果与结论：涂层技术在生活的方方面面都有应用,在医学领域里的应用也日渐蓬勃,目前研制出了很多生物相容性好排斥反应小的涂层材料并应用于临床。文章分别从口腔、体外循环、骨科等领域对涂层支架进行介绍,发现开发新的涂层药物,寻找更加合理有效的药物组合,可能会使药物涂层支架的治疗作用产生质的飞跃。     

Security Protection of DICOM Medical Images Using Dual-Layer Reversible Watermarking with Tamper Detection Capability

Teleradiology applications and universal availability of patient records using web-based technology are rapidly gaining importance. Consequently, digital medical image security has become an important issue when images and their pertinent patient information are transmitted across public networks, such as the Internet. Health mandates such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act require healthcare providers to adhere to security measures in order to protect sensitive patient information. This paper presents a fully reversible, dual-layer watermarking scheme with tamper detection capability for medical images. The scheme utilizes concepts of public-key cryptography and reversible data-hiding technique. The scheme was tested using medical images in DICOM format. The results show that the scheme is able to ensure image authenticity and integrity, and to locate tampered regions in the images.     

应用ASP.NET构建安全的医学Web应用程序

随着Internet的飞速发展,越来越多的用户利用web获取、发布医学信息。用ASP.NET构建医学Web应用程序为结构设计人员、设计人员和开发人员提出了一系列复杂的安全问题。本文讨论的医学Web应用程序设计方法中,包括管理用户、验证和授权用户、加密私有数据和过滤用户输入等。这些方法有效地堵塞各种安全漏洞,建立牢固的医学Web应用程序。     

An 'Honest Broker' mechanism to maintain privacy for patient care and academic medical research

PURPOSE: From the Hippocratic Oath to the World Medical Association's Declaration of Geneva, physicians have sworn to protect patients' privacy. However, as systems move to more integrated architectures, protecting this medical data becomes more of a challenge. The increase in complexity of IT environments, the aggregation of data, and the desire of other entities to access this data, often 24 h/day x 7 day/week x 365 day/year, is putting serious strains on our ability to maintain its security. This problem cuts across all electronic record sources from patient care records to academic medical research records. APPROACH: In order to address this issue, we are rethinking the way we store, transmit, process, access, and federate patient data from clinical and research applications. Our groups at the University of Michigan are developing a system called the "Honest Broker" to help manage this problem. The Honest Broker will offload the burden of housing identifiable data elements of protected health information (PHI) (e.g., name and address) as well as manage data transfer between clinical and research systems. Lab results and other non-identifiable data will be stored in separate systems with either a research study ID or clinical ID number. This two-component architecture increases the burden on attackers who now need to compromise two systems, one of which is seriously hardened, in order to match health data with a patient's actual identity. CONCLUSIONS: While no security system is truly intrusion-proof, this architecture provides a high security choke point reducing the likelihood of a breach. By redesigning the method of integrating clinical care and research, we have enabled projects that would be cost prohibitive to conduct otherwise. The scalability of this mechanism is dependant on nature of the heterogenous nature of the clinical systems serving patients.     

有限衍射声束的特性及应用

和传统的高斯聚焦声束相比,有限衍射声束具有较大的声场深度,可以用于医学成像,组织定征,材料的无损检测、多普勒血流检测等许多领域。本文介绍了有限衍射声速的产生,各方面的特性,及在医学成像,血流估计方面的应用。     

Clinical computer applications in the radiology department

The information society is currently developing. In the field of radiology, the PACS (picture archiving and communication system) and teleradiology are widely employed in medical practice. The Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) reported that physicians should consider some problems in Telemedicine in December 1997. The technology of storage media is improving and we encourage the standardization of data formatting and the transmission protocol to utilize medical electronic information. Several standards exist in the medical imaging field, the DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) standard, the IS&C (image save and carry) standard and the Common Standard that the Medical Information System Development Center (MEDIS-DC) defined for the electronic storage. The PACS requires high transmission speed, integrated services digital network and an asynchronous transfer mode switching system. The MHW needed a technical requirement for the electronic image storage without films in March 1994. The requirement was divided into three parts, (1) security, (2) long-term reproducibility, (3) common usage. The MEDIS-DC published the Common Standards for electronic storage in 1996. When we use the PACS via network, we must consider the security. The present network may have low security, and falsification, such as illegal login may occur. In the future, these problems will be solved, and the network-wide PACS will likely become a commonly used system.     

超小尺寸碳量子点在小鼠体内的辐射防护研究

目的 研究超小尺寸碳量子点(CQDs)在小鼠体内的辐射防护效果,揭示其辐射防护机制.研究机体对CQDs的免疫反应与CQDs的体内毒性.方法 给小鼠注射不同质量浓度的CQDs溶液,采用高剂量γ射线辐照构建小鼠全身辐射损伤模型,通过检测辐照后30 d内小鼠的存活率、骨髓DNA、股骨有核细胞数(BMNC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)水平,评估CQDs的辐射防护效果,并探究可能的防护机制.通过检测小鼠注射CQDs前后的体质量变化、肝指数、脾指数,研究CQDs的体内毒性.结果 CQDs对于小鼠具有明显的辐射防护作用.与对照组相比,CQDs处理过的辐照小鼠30 d存活率从0％提高到40％.证明CQDs可有效降低辐照造成的机体造血系统损伤,提高骨髓DNA、股骨BMNC、肝和肺的SOD水平,减少MDA产生.免疫反应结果表明,CQDs的体内毒性较小,不会引发机体的排异反应.结论 CQDs在辐射防护领域具有较大的应用前景,可为新型纳米材料在医学领域的应用提供新思路.     

Survey on the use of smart and adaptive engineering systems in medicine

In this paper, the current published knowledge about smart and adaptive engineering systems in medicine is reviewed. The achievements of frontier research in this particular field within medical engineering are described. A multi-disciplinary approach to the applications of adaptive systems is observed from the literature surveyed. The three modalities of diagnosis, imaging and therapy are considered to be an appropriate classification method for the analysis of smart systems being applied to specified medical sub-disciplines. It is expected that future research in biomedicine should identify subject areas where more advanced intelligent systems could be applied than is currently evident. The literature provides evidence of hybridisation of different types of adaptive and smart systems with applications in different areas of medical specifications.