特质焦虑大学生对中性刺激的预测偏向

目的:本研究探讨特质焦虑大学生对中性刺激是否存在预测偏向现象;同时,考察特质焦虑对中性刺激预测偏向的影响。方法:采用改进的预测偏向实验,用中性刺激作为材料,采用特质-状态焦虑量表筛选出高特质焦虑和低特质焦虑各20人,比较其在100%可预测、50%可预测和不可预测三种情境下的皮电反应。结果:全部被试对中性刺激产生了预测偏向;与低特质焦虑大学生相比,高特质焦虑大学生在不可预测情境下的皮电反应显著地升高。结论:即使刺激是中性,不可预测情境也能诱发高特质焦虑个体明显的预测偏向。     

大学生情绪预测倾向及对心理健康的影响

目的考察大学生情绪预测倾向及其与心理健康的关系。方法采用自编大学生情绪预测倾向问卷和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对424名大学生进行测查。结果在积极和消极情绪的强度和持续时间预测方面,性别(t=-3.70~-5.31,P0.001)和专业(F=12.55~29.93,P0.001)差异显著;积极情绪强度预测高估组心理健康水平好于低估组,消极情绪持续时间预测低估组心理健康水平好于高估组,预测的积极情绪强度(β=-0.28,P0.001)和消极情绪持续时间(β=0.279,P0.05)对大学生心理健康具有显著预测作用。结论女生、文科生和艺术生认为未来情绪体验会更强烈和持久;高估未来积极情绪强度、低估未来消极情绪持续时间的大学生,心理健康水平相对更优。     

特质焦虑者错误反馈下的情绪-认知偏向：事件相关电位研究

目的:探讨错误反馈对高、低特质焦虑者认知评估的影响,以及错误反应后的情绪敏感度差异.方法:本研究为横断面研究,利用状态一特质焦虑问卷,从得分位于高低端各10%的群体中各随机选择14名分别作为高低特质焦虑组,采用修正后的提示性持续性操作任务(AX-cPT),分析两组错误反馈后的电生理指标差异.结果:高特质焦虑组在错误反馈后产生的FRN波幅高于低特质焦虑组[(4.32±6.21)vs.(7.89±6.03),P<0.05],相应的,高特质焦虑组错误反馈后的负性情绪得分高于低特质焦虑组(Z=-2.69,P<0.01).结论:高特质焦虑者比低特质焦虑者对错误反馈刺激更敏感,错误反馈导致个体认知评估或执行控制系统能力降低.     

特质焦虑个体诱发负性情绪时的抑制控制

目的:探讨高特质焦虑个体诱发负性情绪时的抑制控制能力。方法:使用特质焦虑问卷筛选出高、低特质焦虑大学生各30名[STAI-T常模分数为(41.2±7.6)分,高于常模1个标准差为高特质焦虑,低于常模1个标准差为低特质焦虑]。让被试观看一组负性情绪面孔图片诱发负性情绪后,采用数字Stroop任务和数字转换任务,通过反应时、Stroop冲突效应量、转换损失等指标考察特质焦虑个体认知加工速度和抑制控制能力。结果:诱发负性情绪下,数字Stroop任务中高特质焦虑情绪组反应时长于低特质焦虑情绪组[(779.3±51.6)ms vs.(703.7±49.8)ms,P<0.05],Stroop冲突效应量高于低特质焦虑情绪组,[(167.9±55.7)ms vs.(114±79.1)ms,P<0.001];转换任务中高特质焦虑情绪组反应时长于低特质焦虑情绪组,[1 151.7±15.8)ms vs.(1 029.9±21.3)ms,P<0.05],转换损失高于低特质焦虑情绪组[(290.7±27.3)ms vs.(211.7±18.6)ms,P<0.05]。结论:负性情绪诱发下,高特质焦虑情绪个体抑制控制能力下降,体现为对无关信息的干扰抑制能力以及对心理定势反应的抑制能力下降。     

高特质焦虑情绪大学生对威胁刺激的选择性注意抑制

目的:探究高特质焦虑情绪大学生的选择性注意抑制功能。方法:通过特质焦虑问卷筛选出高、低特质焦虑情绪大学生各20名,采用改进的情绪负启动范式,以语义判断的情绪负启动任务,考察高特质焦虑情绪大学生的注意抑制能力。结果:低特质焦虑情绪组在负启动条件下,对威胁和中性词汇的反应时都显著大于控制条件下;高特质焦虑情绪组在负启动条件下,对威胁词汇的反应时显著小于控制条件下,中性词汇的反应时与控制条件之间差异不显著。对中性词汇,高、低特质焦虑情绪组的负启动量差异不显著;对威胁词汇,高特质焦情绪组负启动量显著小于低特质焦虑情绪组。结论:高特质焦虑情绪大学生对威胁刺激表现出负启动效应减弱,存在特定威胁信息的注意抑制困难。     

阶段化情景模拟教育配合舒适护理对初产妇焦虑情绪的影响

目的 研究阶段化情景模拟教育配合舒适护理对初产妇焦虑情绪的影响。方法 选取2017年1月—2019年1月于我院进行分娩的初产妇200例,所有产妇按照数字随机法分为舒适护理组和两者配合组各100例,舒适护理组采用舒适护理方法进行护理,两者配合组在舒适护理组的基础上使用阶段化情景模拟教育进行护理,观察两组产妇焦虑、抑郁评分、恐惧、自我效能评分。结果 护理后两者配合组产妇焦虑评分、抑郁评分、恐惧评分均显著低于舒适护理组,自我效能评分显著高于舒适护理组（P<0.05）。结论 阶段化情景模拟教育配合舒适护理能够有效减轻产妇的分娩恐惧、焦虑等不良情绪,能够在一定程度上提高患者的自我效能。     

情绪稳定性对大学生网络成瘾状况的预测作用

目的了解大学生的情绪稳定性与网络成瘾状况之间的关系。方法采用艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）和Young网络成瘾量表（IAII）对446名大学生进行测查。结果在无网络成瘾大学生中,28.45%的人的情绪模式是属于不稳定型;在轻度网络成瘾大学生中,60.94%的人的情绪模式属于不稳定型;在中度网络成瘾的大学生中,90.9%的人的情绪模式属于不稳定型。大学生网络成瘾状况与其情绪模式之间的关系非常密切（r=0.531,P〈0.001）。结论情绪模式决定着大学生的网络成瘾程度;情绪不稳定型人群是网络成瘾症状,特别是中度以上网络成瘾症状的最主要人群;情绪稳定性对大学生网络成瘾状况具有极强的预测作用。     

中学生认知情绪调节策略对焦虑的预测作用

目的探讨中学生焦虑的总体状况,以及认知情绪调节策略对中学生焦虑的预测作用。方法对来自全国10个城市的8031名中学生进行了认知情绪调节策略问卷中文版(CERQ-C)和儿童多维焦虑量表中文版(MASC-C)评定。结果①中学生使用认知情绪调节策略按得分由高到低依次为:理性分析,积极重新关注,接受,积极重新评价,重新关注计划,沉思,责难自己,责难他人,灾难化;②使用适应性策略多于非适应性策略;男生的焦虑分数显著低于女生(t=-17.94,P<0.001),初中生的焦虑分数显著低于高中生(t=-20.27,P<0.001);③多元回归分析表明,责难自己、灾难化、责难他人、沉思、积极重新关注、积极重新评价、理性分析、接受对焦虑均有显著的预测作用(F=453.27,P<0.001)。结论中学生认知情绪调节策略具有预测焦虑的作用,为进一步研究和预防中学生的焦虑情绪提供了新的途径。     

阈下听觉刺激对大学生情绪的影响

目的考察阈下强度的音乐对大学生情绪的诱发效应,研究听觉通道的阈下知觉对情绪的影响。方法选择两首经典的中国传统音乐作为情绪诱发材料,《春节序曲》表达快乐情感,《二泉映月》表达悲伤情感。音乐通过掩蔽的方式连续重复播放,对53名在校大学生进行情绪诱发,用多导生理仪记录被试在聆听音乐过程中的皮肤电导,分析被试的自主神经反应模式和情绪自评结果。结果情绪诱发前后自身对照t检验表明,无阈下刺激与阈下春节序曲组被试的皮肤电导有显著差异(t=2.226,P0.05);无阈下刺激与阈下二泉映月组被试相比得出相同的结果,即两组被试的皮肤电导有显著差异(t=2.269,P0.05);在情绪自评结果上未见显著差异(P0.05)。结论阈下强度的音乐导致被试皮肤电导的显著变化,而情绪自评未见显著差异,说明在阈下音乐的作用下存在未被主观觉知的情绪唤起。无论是快乐情感的音乐《春节序曲》还是悲伤情感的音乐《二泉映月》都存在相同的影响效应。     

状态焦虑和特质焦虑对青少年进食行为的影响:自我控制的中介作用

目的:比较状态焦虑和特质焦虑对青少年进食行为的影响,并考察自我控制在其中的中介作用。方法:采用饮食行为问卷、状态-特质焦虑量表和自我控制量表对随机选取的264名中学生进行集体施测。结果:1男生在限制性进食和情绪性进食上的得分显著低于女生(P0.05),而在外因性进食和自我控制的得分上性别差异不显著(P0.05)。2不同体重组在限制性进食上存在显著差异(P0.01),而在情绪性进食、外因性进食和自我控制上差异不显著(P0.05)。3状态焦虑、特质焦虑、自我控制和进食行为各维度之间显著相关。其中自我控制与其他几个因子之间均呈显著负相关(r=0.237~0.458,P0.01),两种焦虑和进食行为各维度之间均呈显著正相关(r=0.197~0.321,P0.01);4自我控制在状态焦虑对进食行为的影响中起部分中介作用(P0.05);在特质焦虑影响进食行为的路径中中介作用不显著(P0.05)。结论:自我控制能部分中介状态焦虑对进食行为的影响,但不能中介特质焦虑对进食行为的影响。     

The effect of trait anxiety on risk-taking: Functional coupling between right hippocampus and left insula

Behavioral research has found that trait anxiety is associated with a lower propensity for risk-taking. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this relation are still unknown. To address this question, we employed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) to examine the influence of trait anxiety on risk-taking. We theorized that trait anxiety may affect risk-taking via negative prospection during episodic future thinking, which is known to be mediated by episodic memory systems including the hippocampus. We measured risk-taking using the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and found that risk-taking in this task was negatively correlated with trait anxiety. The VBM results suggested a positive correlation between trait anxiety and grey matter volumes in the hippocampus, consistent with previous results. Functional connectivity results indicated that functional connectivity between a right hippocampus cortex (RHPC) seed region and left insula (LInsula) was positively correlated with trait anxiety scores but negatively correlated with risk-taking. Critically, mediation analysis showed that trait anxiety played a completely mediating role in the relation between the functional connectivity of RHPC-LInsula and risk-taking. These results suggested that trait anxiety can affect risk-taking via episodic future thinking mechanisms subserved by the hippocampal cortex acting in concert with emotional and motivational control mechanisms subserved by the insular cortex.     

Effects of diazepam (Valium) and trait anxiety on human physical aggression and emotional state

The effects of diazepam (10 mg orally) and trait anxiety on the aggressive behavior of normal male undergraduates were studied in a competitive reaction time task paradigm which entails shock setting with an increasingly provocative opponent. Diazepam produced an aggression-enhancing effect which was (1) specifically shown only by the low-trait anxious group under low provocation and (2) generally shown by all groups under conditions of higher provocation. Reductions in state anxiety following diazepam ingestion were seen most clearly in the high- and, somewhat, the moderatetrait anxious groups. In contrast, the low-trait anxious group evidenced an increase in depression but little change in anxiety. The results are consistent with reports of the ability of antianxiety drugs to disinhibit suppressed behaviors. Moreover, trait anxiety appears to mediate the effects of diazepam on both mood states and aggressive behavior.This study is based on the author's dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a doctoral degree from Kent State University.     

缓解焦虑情绪,提高降压药物疗效

目的：通过干预焦虑情绪,增加降压药物的效果。方法：将７８例原发性高血压患者分成３组,第１组与第２组经测定均为具有焦虑情绪的高血压患者,第３组为不具有焦虑的高血压对照组;三组病例均用洛丁新降压治疗８周,第１组同步加用抗焦虑药物－黛安神。结果：降压有效率分别为８６．６７％,５８．３３％,８３．３３％。结论：有焦虑的第２组降压效果明显低于不伴焦虑的第３组,而经过抗焦虑治疗的第１组降压疗效有显著提高。     

情志护理对甲状腺手术患者术前焦虑干预及围手术期生命体征的影响

目的探讨情志护理对甲状腺手术患者术前焦虑及围手术期生命体征的影响。方法将86例甲状腺手术患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和干预组。对照组按照围手术期常规护理原则进行临床护理。干预组则按照情志护理原则,在患者术前、术中及术后通过辩证分析,给予个性化护理。观察2组患者心率、血压、疼痛评分及满意度等数据,并通过统计学比较实行情志护理与否具有统计学意义。结果经过情志护理后,患者术后疼痛评分上升趋势缓慢,疼痛等级低于对照组。同时,干预组患者麻醉前心率、血压升幅低于对照组,且在术后能够迅速降回正常水平左右。结论情志护理能有效减轻患者术前焦虑程度,缓解患者心理压力,有效降低患者术后疼痛程度,提高满意度。     

大学生特质反刍思维与状态反刍思维对行为抑制的影响

目的:探究特质反刍思维与状态反刍思维对大学生行为抑制的影响。方法:采用特质反刍思维量表筛选出高、低特质反刍思维组大学生各42例,通过"沉思分心"任务诱导被试进入反刍状态与注意分散条件,记录被试在改进的情绪信号停止任务中"停止"反应类型上的抑制时间及虚报率。结果:在"停止"反应类型中,高特质反刍思维组被试在状态反刍思维条件下对负性面孔的抑制时间比对正性面孔的抑制时间更长[(286±16) ms vs.(266±14) ms,P<0.001],虚报率更高[(0.7±0.1) vs.(0.5±0.1),P<0.001],而在注意分散条件下对两类面孔的抑制时间和虚报率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。低特质反刍思维组被试在两种实验条件下对正性和负性面孔的抑制时间和虚报率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:高特质反刍思维个体在状态反刍条件下表现出对负性面孔的行为抑制缺陷,这种行为抑制缺陷是由高特质反刍与状态反刍共同导致的。     

EEG-correlates of trait anxiety in the stop-signal paradigm

The relationship between trait anxiety and event-related EEG oscillatory reactions in the stop-signal paradigm was studied in 15 non-clinical subjects with average age of 26 years (13 men). In the paradigm, subjects responded to target stimuli by pressing one of the two choice buttons. In 30 out of 130 trials, target presentation was followed by a stop-signal, indicating that subjects had to refrain from a prepared motor response. The subject's level of anxiety was assessed using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Wide-band desynchronization (8-25 Hz) was found before button-press. It was sustained after the subjects pressed the button at 7-14 Hz frequency range. Also, synchronization at 15-25 Hz band occurred in 400-1400 ms after the button-press. Synchronization at lower frequencies (1-7 Hz) was also found during 0-700 ms after the stop-signal onset. Also, desynchronization at 8-20 Hz was found in 300-800 ms after stop-signal onset. The group with higher anxiety showed desynchronization at 10-13 Hz in 0-800 ms after the button-press, whereas the group with lower anxiety showed synchronization at the same frequency range. In 0-600 ms after stop-signal onset, desynchronization at 8-13 Hz was observed in the group with higher anxiety, whereas the group with lower anxiety demonstrated synchronization or weak desynchronization. Our findings support the Eysenck et al. [M.W. Eysenck, N. Derakshan, R. Santos, M.G. Calvo, Anxiety and cognitive performance: attentional control theory, Emotion 7(2) (2007) 336-356] theory that subjects with higher anxiety have more attentional control over reaction and increased use of processing resources as compared with lower anxiety subjects.     

Effects of cycling exercise on the soleus H-reflex and state anxiety among men with low or high trait anxiety

The present study examined the effects of low- and high-intensity cycling exercise on the H-reflex and state anxiety among men having low (n=20) or high (n=20) trait anxiety. Participants completed measures of state anxiety and underwent elicitation and recording of the H-reflex in the soleus muscle before and 10 min after three 20-min conditions: (1) quiet rest, (2) cycling at 40% VO2peak, and (3) cycling at 70% VO2peak. We found that (1) exercise, but not quiet rest, resulted in a reduction of the H-reflex; the magnitude of the reduction did not differ between men having low or high trait anxiety; (2) exercise and quiet rest resulted in similar reductions of state anxiety, and the magnitude of the reductions was larger for men having high trait anxiety than low trait anxiety; and (3) reductions of the H-reflex were unrelated to reductions of self-reported state anxiety across all three conditions. Contrary to prior opinion, the postexercise reduction in the H-reflex reported by previous researchers and in the present study appears to be unrelated to self-reported anxiety after exercise.     

不同阅读材料对焦虑的缓解作用

目的:探讨不同阅读材料对于焦虑的缓解作用。方法:以自愿方式招募175名普通学生(17～24岁),首先用高难度任务唤起被试的焦虑状态,然后随机将被试分为实验组和对照组,分别阅读领悟类和信息类的文字材料。通过情绪Stroop范式测量两组被试的焦虑水平。采用2×2实验设计,其中阅读材料为被试间因素,包括领悟类和信息类;词汇类型为被试内因素,包括积极词汇和消极词汇。结果:领悟组被试对积极词的反应时短于对消极词的反应时(P0.05),而信息组被试对两类情绪词的反应时差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:研究提示,领悟类材料比信息类材料更有助于缓解焦虑情绪。