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1.
软骨组织工程中力学因素的影响及应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
力学因素是软骨组织工程中的重要影响因素之一。近年来的研究表明,力学作用可以刺激细胞因子及激素的分泌,改变三维支架上培养的软骨细胞的新陈代谢,从而促进软骨组织的生长与重建。目前已经有诸多关于体外构建软骨组织的报道,但对于其中的力学因素的影响(包括力学因素对软骨细胞增殖的促进及力学刺激的传导机制等)还没有完全认识。就以上几方面做一综述,并简单介绍生物反应器在软骨组织工程中的应用。  相似文献   

2.
间充质干细胞具有多向分化潜能,可定向分化为软骨组织,并且取材广泛、体外扩增能力强,是广泛应用于软骨组织工程的理想细胞之一。由于关节软骨具有重要的生物力学功能,需要强调和评估间充质干细胞构建组织工程化软骨组织的力学生物学性能。为更好地了解和认识修复软骨的诱导因素、信号通路与力学特性之间的关系,本文回顾了间充质干细胞在功能性软骨组织工程研究中的力学生物学研究进展,并论述了该领域内目前存在的问题及若干可供探索的途径和新方向。  相似文献   

3.
文题释义: 间歇静水压:软骨细胞的新陈代谢及发育,除了有必要的营养成分支持外,力学刺激也是必不可少的,而力学刺激又有许多方式,如剪切力、流水动力、持续压力、间歇压力等,这些力学刺激对软骨细胞的诱导分化结果不尽相同,而最接近生理状态下的力学刺激最有利于软骨细胞的发育与分化,间歇静水压就是模仿关节运动的方式,把细胞放在培养液里间断对细胞进行力学刺激,进而促进细胞分化和发育。 软骨组织工程:软骨组织损伤后很难再生,如何修复受损伤的软骨组织是目前国际关注的焦点,利用工程学原理,重新构建新的软骨组织,是修复软骨组织最有效的方法,但构建新的软骨组织非常复杂,需要能够分化成软骨细胞的干细胞,需要分化所必需的培养液、培养支架、力学环境等因素,还需要稳定的生长发育环境,因此从种子细胞到软骨细胞,最后形成软骨组织是一个复杂的生物工程。 背景:软骨组织修复是组织工程研究的重要领域,如何利用工程学技术有效将种子细胞定向分化成软骨细胞是组织工程的重点和难点。目前,单纯应用各种定向诱导培养试剂很难使其分化为成熟稳定的软骨细胞,正是在这一背景下,作者利用ATDC5软骨细胞的特点,除了应用有效的培养液处理外,还采用间歇净水压的压力刺激方法,对其定向诱导分化进行早期研究。 目的:了解间歇静水压对ATDC5软骨细胞早期软骨方向分化成熟的影响。 方法:将ATDC5软骨细胞株在单层条件下培养,3 d细胞贴壁良好,并形成复层,而后在密封条件下进行间歇静水压(施加强度10 MPa,加压频率1 Hz,4 h/d)培养,设立无间歇静水压且其他条件相同的培养细胞为对照组。在第4,7,11,14,17天,通过显微镜观察细胞形态变化,应用Real-time PCR检测Aggrecan,COL-2,SOX-9的mRNA表达水平。 结果与结论:经间歇静水压作用后,ATDC5细胞表现出较明显的斑块样改变和细胞浓聚现象;Aggrecan、COL-2 mRNA表达水平明显升高,SOX-9 mRNA虽然与对照组变化不大,但也出现了先抑后扬的特点。结果表明,间歇静水压影响ATDC5软骨细胞向软骨方向分化的基因表达,促进软骨特征基质的分泌,利于向软骨细胞分化成熟。 ORCID: 0000-0003-0911-8294(张强) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程  相似文献   

4.
很多物理因素都影响软骨组织的生长和发育,其中力学因素起主要作用。软骨的生长、发育是力学调控的适应过程。当前采用多种力学条件应用于软骨生物反应器,如流体剪应力、液体压力、直接压缩等,或其中部分组合,但这些条件还没有构建出与活体软骨结构-功能相匹配的人工软骨。如果一种载荷能适合构建软骨,那么这种载荷首先能保证培养物内部信号分子、营养和废物的有效运输;其次,能对支架内种子细胞特定的力学刺激;第三,能促进培养物结构-功能的发展。本文回顾、分析当前多种力学条件的作用效果,其中流体剪应力、液体压力、拉伸、直接压缩或变形剪应力都是软骨受力状态的部分体现。作者认为滚压载荷是软骨培养的合适力学环境,它是当前多种力学条件的一个综合指标,对软骨培养物可以形成纵向的动态压缩和横向的动态变形剪应力,并且有利于细胞新陈代谢物质的运输,因此,滚压环境可能是人工软骨结构-功能构建的发展方向。  相似文献   

5.
目的观察膝关节持续被动活动仪(CPM)体内力学刺激对组织工程软骨修复大动物关节负重区软骨缺损效果的影响。方法研究、设计和制造能够适用于体内力学刺激羊膝关节软骨缺损修复的膝关节连续被动活动仪(CPM);将实验动物(山羊膝关节双髁负重区制造直径6 mm软骨缺损)分为三组:空白组:单纯缺损未植入修复组织;藻酸钙+骨膜+细胞组:藻酸钙复合自体软骨细胞凝胶植入软骨缺损区,自体骨膜覆盖缺损区;藻酸钙+骨膜+细胞+CPM组:藻酸钙复合自体软骨细胞凝胶植入软骨缺损区,自体骨膜覆盖缺损区,术后早期接受CPM锻炼。分别于术后3个月、6个月、12个月(12个月组仅包括CPM力学刺激组)取材,通过修复组织的大体、组织学观察及其评分比较3组软骨修复效果。结果藻酸钙复合软骨细胞能够较好地修复羊负重区关节面软骨缺损,将缺损修复的大体观察、组织学等结果进行单因素统计学分析,发现接受体内CPM力学刺激组效果最好,其修复组织中透明软骨比例最多,其次为藻酸钙+骨膜+细胞组。结论膝关节持续被动活动仪(CPM)体内力学刺激能够促进组织工程软骨修复大动物关节负重区软骨缺损的效果。  相似文献   

6.
目的利用组织工程技术建立体外软骨缺损实验模型,研究修复区人工软骨和宿主软骨的力学特性。方法采用一种琼脂糖凝胶作为人工软骨,制作猪软骨深层缺损,在缺损处仿临床植入人工软骨,用生物胶黏接,建立组织工程修复膝关节软骨缺损的体外模型;在压缩载荷作用下,通过数字图像相关技术研究组织工程软骨植入缺损后修复区即刻力学行为。结果压缩过程中界面处没有出现开裂现象,压缩分别为软骨层厚度的3.5%、5.6%、7.04%和9.0%时获得了修复区中间层应变分布图和应变变化曲线。压缩量从3.5%增加到9%时,在垂直软骨面方向上宿主软骨最大压应变增加75.9%,人工软骨最大拉应变增加226.99%;在平行软骨表面方向,交界面处最大拉应变增加116.9%,增加量远高于宿主软骨区和人工软骨区;对于修复区剪应变,随着压缩量增加交界处剪应变方向发生相反的改变。结论软骨组织工程修复缺损效果有很大的不确定性,这与修复区的力学环境有关。组织工程软骨植入缺损后,修复区受到复杂应变状态,随着压缩量增加,界面处、宿主软骨、人工软骨都发生较大的应变变化,界面处垂直软骨面方向的应变由压应变可转化为拉应变,平行软骨表面方向的拉应变有显著增加,交界处剪应变方向甚至发生了相反的改变,而且剪应力数值迅速增加。这种复杂应变状态造成修复区细胞力学环境的较大变化,还可能引起界面的开裂,影响缺损修复过程,这些力学环境变化应受到临床治疗的重视。  相似文献   

7.
异常力学负荷是骨关节炎发生的主要危险因素,可导致胶原降解、糖胺聚糖丢失和软骨细胞凋亡,引起软骨和软骨下骨破坏。然而,由于对软骨细胞力学传导认识不足,以及各种软骨修复再生手段的效果并不理想,故迫切需要了解软骨细胞力学传导过程以及软骨机械性损伤发生机制,以期望为研究软骨损伤修复和再生提供参考。详细介绍力学信号如何从细胞外经由细胞膜传至细胞内力学感受器,并着重讨论相关力学传导的信号通路在骨性关节炎中的作用。  相似文献   

8.
关节软骨是动关节内骨表面具有弹性的负重结缔组织,能提供低磨损润滑、缓冲震荡、传递载荷等支撑作用,具有层级纤维复合结构和优异的力学性能。软骨内没有血管、神经和淋巴,代谢缓慢,损伤后难以实现自我修复。目前,高发的关节炎疾病仍是基础与临床研究的一大热点。关节软骨是力学敏感组织,力学环境影响着组织不同方向的发展。2022年,学者们继续对关节软骨的生物力学与力学生物学开展大量研究;对软骨形态、功能与力学状态,以及不同条件下软骨力学状态的研究报道较多;研究设计了一些软骨相关的动物、组织及细胞水平的加载装置,也开展了体外及在体力学载荷下软骨退变、损伤的修复研究,获得了重要的修复方法及手段。关节软骨的生物力学与力学生物学研究是关节炎、软骨缺损及修复的基础,关节软骨损伤修复定量力学条件的影响还需体内和体外深入研究。  相似文献   

9.
目的对体外保存猪膝关节软骨施加滚压力学刺激,探究力学刺激对软骨组织活力的影响。方法利用滚压力学加载装置可以为骨软骨组织提供含有组织培养液的环境,并进行仿生的力学刺激。用骨软骨取材器械体外无菌获取猪膝关节软骨,于培养液保存过程中施加力学刺激(1.5和4.0 MPa)后在第2周检测软骨的细胞存活率、蛋白多糖表达、组织形态学、杨氏模量。结果 1.5 MPa组显示最高的软骨细胞存活率、蛋白多糖含量与杨氏模量,组织形态表现良好,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与静态对照组相比,4.0 MPa组上述指标下降(P0.05),形态学表现较差。结论对体外保存软骨施加适宜的滚压力学刺激,能在2周时间提高软骨细胞存活率,增强细胞外基质表达,并提升生物力学性能,为组织库软骨保存技术提供一种新方法。  相似文献   

10.
文题释义:牙髓干细胞:通过GRONTHOS等对牙髓细胞的研究,发现一种具有与间充质干细胞相似免疫表型和形成矿化结节能力的细胞,称为牙髓干细胞,具有自我更新、多向分化和较强的克隆能力。细胞力学:研究细胞在力学载荷作用下细胞膜和细胞骨架的变形、弹性常数、黏弹性、黏附力等力学性质,以及机械因素对细胞生长、发育、成熟、增殖、分化、衰老和死亡等的影响及其机制研究,是生物力学的一个前沿领域,也是组织工程学的一个重要组成部分。  摘要背景:力学刺激对于机体内很多器官、组织的发育和损伤修复发挥重要的调控作用。除生物化学因素外,细胞力学等机械因素越来越被认为是影响牙髓干细胞行为和功能的关键调节因素。目的:综述细胞力学刺激对牙髓干细胞生物学行为的作用及影响。方法:通过检索PubMed、Embase、Medline、CNKI数据库,分别以“牙髓干细胞,机械压力,机械张力,剪切力,压应力,细胞增殖,成骨分化”为中文检索词和“human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs),mechanical strain,mechanical stretch,mechanical tension,shear stress,cell proliferation,osteogenesis differentiation”为英文检索词进行检索,选取与细胞力学机械刺激参与影响牙髓干细胞增殖、分化的56篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:细胞力学机械刺激是影响细胞增殖、分化、蛋白表达和凋亡的重要生物学因素。牙髓干细胞是牙髓组织中的间充质干细胞,其生物学行为也受到细胞力学机械刺激的影响。细胞力学刺激参与牙髓干细胞的增殖、成牙/成骨分化,并且当牙本质受到流体流动力作用时,会激活其机械感受器来调节并维持牙齿的完整性。介导牙髓干细胞生物学行为的信号通路包括MAPK、Wnt、Akt及BMP-7、Nrf2/HO-1等,通过调控这些信号通路进而对牙髓干细胞增殖及成牙/成骨分化发挥不同程度的促进及抑制作用。ORCID: 0000-0001-6191-6539(李峻青) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程  相似文献   

11.
Dynamic compression is an important physical stimulus for the physiology of chondrocyte and articular cartilage tissue engineering. In this study, modulation of chondrocyte behaviors in chitosan/collagen scaffolds with different mechanical properties under free-swelling or dynamic compression conditions was investigated. Rabbit chondrocytes were seeded in chitosan/collagen scaffolds crosslinked by genipin (GP) with different concentrations, and then cultured for 3?days prior to cyclic compression of 40% strain, 0.1?Hz, and 30?min/day for 2?weeks. The results showed that the cell proliferation was increased with increasing genipin concentrations and dynamic compression. On the other hand, although total glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) deposition was enhanced by dynamic compression under certain conditions, e.g. the GP0.5 chitosan/collagen scaffolds for 1?week of compression culture, normalized GAGs deposition per cell was decreased by dynamic compression. Our results suggest that while several studies suggest that dynamic compression benefits articular cartilage tissue engineering, many factors including scaffold types and compression conditions determine the outcome of dynamic compression culture.  相似文献   

12.
Tissue engineering may provide a technique to generate cartilage grafts for laryngotracheal reconstruction in children. The present study used a rabbit model to characterize cartilage generated by a candidate tissue engineering approach to determine, under baseline conditions, which chondrocytes in the rabbit produce tissue-engineered cartilage suitable for in vivo testing in laryngotracheal reconstruction. We characterized tissue-engineered cartilage generated in perfused bioreactor chambers from three sources of rabbit chondrocytes: articular, auricular, and nasal cartilage. Biomechanical testing and histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical assays were performed to determine equilibrium unconfined compression (Young's) modulus, and biochemical composition and structure. We found that cartilage samples generated from articular or nasal chondrocytes lacked the mechanical integrity and stiffness necessary for completion of the biomechanical testing, but five of six auricular samples completed the biomechanical testing (moduli of 210 +/- 93 kPa in two samples at 3 weeks and 100 +/- 65 kPa in three samples at 6 weeks). Auricular samples showed more consistent staining for proteoglycans and collagen II and had significantly higher glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and concentration and higher collagen content than articular or nasal samples. In addition, the delayed gadolinium enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) method revealed variations in GAG spatial distribution in auricular samples that were not present in articular or nasal samples. The results indicate that, for the candidate tissue engineering approach under baseline conditions, only rabbit auricular chondrocytes produce tissue-engineered cartilage suitable for in vivo testing in laryngotracheal reconstruction. The results also suggest that this and similar tissue engineering approaches must be optimized for each potential source of chondrocytes.  相似文献   

13.
In cartilage tissue regeneration, it is important that an implant inserted into a defect site can maintain its mechanical integrity and endure stress loads from the body, in addition to being biocompatible and able to induce tissue growth. These factors are crucial in the design of scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. We developed an elastic biodegradable scaffold from poly(L-lactideco-epsilon-caprolactone) (PLCL) for application in cartilage treatment. Biodegradable PLCL co-polymer was synthesized from L-lactide and epsilon-caprolactone in the presence of stannous octoate as a catalyst. A highly elastic PLCL scaffold was fabricated by a gel-pressing method with 80% porosity and 300-500 microm pore size. The tensile mechanical and recovery tests were performed in order to examine mechanical and elastic properties of the PLCL scaffold. They could be easily twisted and bent and exhibited almost complete (over 94%) recoverable extension up to breaking point. For examining cartilaginous tissue formation, rabbit chondrocytes were seeded on scaffolds. They were then cultured in vitro for 5 weeks or implanted in nude mice subcutaneously. From in vitro and in vivo tests, the accumulation of extracellular matrix on the constructs showed that chondrogenic differentiation was sustained onto PLCL scaffolds. Histological analysis showed that cells onto PLCL scaffolds formed mature and well-developed cartilaginous tissue, as evidenced by chondrocytes within lacunae. From these results, we are confident that elastic PLCL scaffolds exhibit biocompatibility and as such would provide an environment where cartilage tissue growth is enhanced and facilitated.  相似文献   

14.
Kim IL  Mauck RL  Burdick JA 《Biomaterials》2011,32(34):8771-8782
Hyaline cartilage serves as a low-friction and wear-resistant articulating surface in load-bearing, diarthrodial joints. Unfortunately, as the avascular, alymphatic nature of cartilage significantly impedes the body's natural ability to regenerate, damage resulting from trauma and osteoarthritis necessitates repair attempts. Current clinical methods are generally limited in their ability to regenerate functional cartilage, and so research in recent years has focused on tissue engineering solutions in which the regeneration of cartilage is pursued through combinations of cells (e.g., chondrocytes or stem cells) paired with scaffolds (e.g., hydrogels, sponges, and meshes) in conjunction with stimulatory growth factors and bioreactors. A variety of synthetic and natural materials have been employed, most commonly in the form of hydrogels, and these systems have been tuned for optimal nutrient diffusion, connectivity of deposited matrix, degradation, soluble factor delivery, and mechanical loading for enhanced matrix production and organization. Even with these promising advances, the complex mechanical properties and biochemical composition of native cartilage have not been achieved, and engineering cartilage tissue still remains a significant challenge. Using hyaluronic acid hydrogels as an example, this review will follow the progress of material design specific to cartilage tissue engineering and propose possible future directions for the field.  相似文献   

15.
Current cartilage tissue engineering strategies cannot as yet fabricate new tissue that is indistinguishable from native cartilage with respect to zonal organization, extracellular matrix composition, and mechanical properties. Integration of implants with surrounding native tissues is crucial for long-term stability and enhanced functionality. In this study, we developed a bioprinting system with simultaneous photopolymerization capable for three-dimensional (3D) cartilage tissue engineering. Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) with human chondrocytes were printed to repair defects in osteochondral plugs (3D biopaper) in layer-by-layer assembly. Compressive modulus of printed PEGDMA was 395.73±80.40?kPa, which was close to the range of the properties of native human articular cartilage. Printed human chondrocytes maintained the initially deposited positions due to simultaneous photopolymerization of surrounded biomaterial scaffold, which is ideal in precise cell distribution for anatomic cartilage engineering. Viability of printed human chondrocytes increased 26% in simultaneous polymerization than polymerized after printing. Printed cartilage implant attached firmly with surrounding tissue and greater proteoglycan deposition was observed at the interface of implant and native cartilage in Safranin-O staining. This is consistent with the enhanced interface failure strength during the culture assessed by push-out testing. Printed cartilage in 3D biopaper had elevated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content comparing to that without biopaper when normalized to DNA. These observations were consistent with gene expression results. This study indicates the importance of direct cartilage repair and promising anatomic cartilage engineering using 3D bioprinting technology.  相似文献   

16.
Cartilage tissue engineering is applied clinically to cover and regenerate articular cartilage defects. In this study autologous human cartilage tissue engineering grafts based on bioresorbable polyglactin/polydioxanone scaffolds were analyzed on the broad molecular level. RNA from freshly isolated, primary and expanded adult articular chondrocytes and from three-dimensional cartilage grafts were used for gene expression profiling using oligonucleotide microarrays. The capacity of cartilage grafts to form cartilage matrix was evaluated after subcutaneous transplantation into nude mice. Gene expression profiling showed reproducibly the regulation of 905 genes and documented that chondrocytes undergo fundamental changes during cartilage tissue engineering regarding chondrocyte metabolism, growth, and differentiation. Three-dimensional assembly of expanded, dedifferentiated chondrocytes initiated the re-differentiation of cells that was accompanied by the reversal of the expression profile of multiple players of the transforming growth factor (TGF) signaling pathway including growth and differentiation factor-5 and inhibitor of differentiation-1 as well as by the induction of typical cartilage-related matrix genes such as type II collagen and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. Cartilage grafts formed a cartilaginous matrix after transplantation into nude mice. Three-dimensional tissue culture of expanded articular chondrocytes initiates chondrocyte re-differentiation in vitro and leads to the maturation of cartilage grafts towards hyaline cartilage in vivo.  相似文献   

17.
干细胞诱导形成软骨细胞研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
组织工程技术构建软骨需要大量的软骨细胞,成熟的软骨细胞扩增能力有限,难以满足组织构建需要。干细胞,包括胚胎干细胞、成体干细胞,均具有强大的自我更新能力及多向分化潜能。在适当的诱导条件下,这些干细胞均可被诱导分化为软骨细胞,从而满足组织工程需求。  相似文献   

18.
Autologous fibrin glue has been demonstrated as a potential scaffold with very good biocompatibility for neocartilage formation. However, fibrin glue has been reported not to provide enough mechanical strength, but with many growth factors to interfere the tissue growth. Gelatin/hyaluronic acid/chondroitin-6-sulfate (GHC6S) tri-copolymer sponge has been prepared as scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering and showed very good results, but problems of cell seeding and cell distribution troubled the researchers. In this study, GHC6S particles would be added into the fibrin glue to provide better mechanical strength, better cell distribution, and easier cell seeding, which would be expected to improve cartilage regeneration in vitro. Porcine cryo-precipitated fibrinogen and thrombin prepared from prothrombin activated by 10% CaCl(2) solution were used in two groups. One is the fibrin glue group in which porcine chondrocytes were mixed with thrombin-fibrinogen solution, which was then converted into fibrin glue. The other is GHC6S-fibrin glue in which GHC6S particles were added into the thrombin-fibrinogen solution with porcine chondrocytes. After culturing for 1-2 weeks, the chondrocytes cultured in GHC6S-fibrin glue showed a round shape with distinct lacuna structure and showed positive in S-100 protein immunohistochemical stain. The related gene expressions of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2, MT1-MMP, aggrecan, decorin, type I, II, X collagen, interleukin-1 beta, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1), and Fas-associating death domain were checked by real-time PCR. The results indicated that the chondrocytes cultured in GHC6S-fibrin glue would effectively promote extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and inhibit ECM degradation. The evidence could support that GHC6S-fibrin glue would be a promising scaffold for articular cartilage tissue engineering.  相似文献   

19.
Designing zonal organization into tissue-engineered cartilage   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Cartilage tissue engineering strategies generally result in homogeneous tissue structures with little resemblance to the native zonal organization of articular cartilage. The objective of this study was to use bilayered photopolymerized hydrogels to organize zone-specific chondrocytes in a stratified framework and study the effects of this three-dimensional coculture system on the properties of the engineered tissue. Superficial and deep zone chondrocytes from bovine articular cartilage were photoencapsulated in separate hydrogels as well as in adjacent layers of a bilayered hydrogel. Histology, mechanical testing, and biochemical analysis was performed after culturing in vitro. To evaluate the influence of coculture on tissue properties, the layers were separated and compared to constructs containing only superficial or deep cells. In the bilayered constructs, deep cells produced more collagen and proteoglycan than superficial cells, resulting in cartilage tissue with stratified, heterogeneous properties. Deep cells cocultured with superficial cells in the bilayered system demonstrated reduced proliferation and increased matrix synthesis compared to deep cells cultured alone. The bilayered constructs demonstrated greater shear and compressive strength than homogenous cell constructs. This study demonstrated that interactions between zone-specific chondrocytes affect the biological and mechanical properties of engineered cartilage. Strategies aimed to structurally organize zone-specific cells and encourage heterotypic cell interactions may contribute to improved functional properties of engineered cartilage.  相似文献   

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