硕士生的自我接纳与特质焦虑:特质应对方式的中介作用

目的:探讨硕士生特质应对方式在自我接纳与特质焦虑之间的中介作用。方法:选取1040名硕士生,采用自我接纳量表(SAQ)、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)和特质焦虑问卷(T-AI)评估其自我接纳、特质应对方式与特质焦虑。结果:(1)女生在消极应对方式方面的得分高于男生(t=-2.60,P0.05),城市学生自我接纳得分高于农村学生(t=-2.37,P0.05);(2)自我接纳得分与消极应对方式得分呈负相关(r=-0.57,P0.001),与积极应对方式呈正相关(r=0.50,P0.001);特质焦虑得分与自我接纳(r=-0.61,P0.001)、积极应对方式(r=-0.49,P0.001)呈负相关,与消极应对方式呈正相关(r=0.58,P0.001);(3)自我接纳直接预测特质焦虑(β=-0.61,P0.001),又通过消极应对方式间接预测特质焦虑(β=0.34,P0.001),中介效应占总效应的31.8%;又通过积极应对方式间接预测抑郁(β=-0.25,P0.001),中介效应占总效应的20.5%。结论:硕士生特质焦虑与自我接纳、特质应对方式密切相关,特质应对方式在自我接纳与特质焦虑之间起中介作用。     

大学生自尊与主观幸福感的关系:应对方式的中介作用

目的探讨应对方式在大学生自尊与主观幸福感之间所起的潜在中介作用,为大学生心理健康教育工作提供科学依据和指导。方法采用生活满意度量表、积极消极情感量表、Rosenberg自尊量表和简易应对方式问卷对286名大学生进行问卷调查,并运用结构方程模型技术探讨应对方式在自尊与主观幸福感之间所起的中介作用。结果相关分析发现自尊和积极应对与生活满意度和积极情绪显著正相关(r=0.15~0.42,P0.05);自尊与消极情绪显著负相关(r=0.48,P0.001);消极应对方式与消极情绪显著正相关(r=0.30,P0.001);自尊与积极应对方式显著正相关(r=0.27,P0.001),与消极应对方式显著负相关(r=-0.23,P0.001)。中介效应分析发现,消极应对在自尊与主观幸福感之间的关系中起部分中介作用(β=0.08,P0.05)。结论自尊既可以直接影响主观幸福感,也可以通过消极应对的中介作用间接影响主观幸福感。     

The Effect of Self-efficacy on the Relationship between Trait Coping Style and Well-being of Medical College Students

目的 探讨自我效能感在医学生特质应对方式、幸福感中的作用机制.方法 对405名学生施测特质应对方式问卷( TCSQ)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、大学生幸福感影响因素问卷(AFW-US).采用相关分析和回归分析进行探索.结果 ①医学生幸福感与自我效能感和积极应对有显著正相关(r=0.353,0.281;P＜0.01),而与消极应对呈显著负相关(r=-0.102,P＜0.05);自我效能感与积极应对呈显著正相关(r=0.256,P＜0.01),与消极应对呈显著负相关(r=-0.261,P＜0.01);②自我效能感和特质应对方式可以显著预测医学生幸福感;自我效能感是应对方式与幸福感之间的中介变量.结论 自我效能感在特质应对方式影响医学生幸福感中具有部分中介效应.     

大学生中庸思维与焦虑的关系:认知情绪调节与攻击性的链式中介效应

目的:探讨认知情绪调节与攻击性在大学生中庸思维与焦虑间的中介作用.方法:采用中庸思维量表、贝克焦虑量表、认知情绪调节问卷与攻击性问卷,测量了 2251名大学生.结果:①中庸思维与消极认知情绪调节(r=-0.08,P＜0.001)、攻击性(r=-0.13,P＜O.001)、焦虑得分(r=-0.18,P＜0.001)之间呈显著负相关;消极认知情绪调节与攻击性(r=0.44,PP＜0.001)、焦虑得分(r=0.39,P＜0.001)之间呈显著正相关;攻击性与焦虑得分之间呈显著正相关(r=0.48,P＜0.001).②Bootstrap中介效应检验表明,消极认知情绪调节和攻击性以及两者的链式中介作用的95％的置信区间分别为[-0.148,-0.032]、[-0.326,-0.081]、[-0.104,-0.024].结论:中庸思维不仅直接影响个体焦虑程度,还通过消极认知情绪调节与攻击性的链式中介作用间接影响焦虑.     

大学生应对方式与犬儒态度的关系研究

目的 探讨大学生应对方式与犬儒态度之间的关系.方法 采用简易应对方式问卷和犬儒态度量表对西北工业大学320名学生进行问卷调查,并用SPSS17.0进行数据整理和相关分析.结果 ①积极应对与犬儒态度(r=-0.688,P＜0.001)呈显著负相关;②消极应对与犬儒态度(r=0.600,P＜0.001)及其他4个维度呈显著正相关;③回归分析显示积极应对对犬儒态度有负向预测作用(t=-17.078,P＞0.001),消极应对对犬儒态度有正向预测作用(t=13.509,P＞0.001).结论 大学生应对方式是影响犬儒态度的重要心理因素.     

负性情绪对大学生情绪性进食的影响:消极应对方式的中介作用

目的:探讨负性情绪对大学生情绪性进食的影响,检验消极应对方式的中介作用。方法:采用进食行为问卷、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表、特质应对方式问卷对734名大学生进行集体施测。结果:1男生在负性情绪各维度上的得分显著高于女生(P0.05),女生在情绪性进食和积极应对上的得分显著高于男生(P0.01),而在消极应对方式上性别差异不显著(P0.05)。2负性情绪各维度与情绪性进食均呈显著正相关(r=0.117~0.179,P0.01),与消极应对方式呈显著正相关(r=0.340~0.369,P0.01),而与积极应对成显著负相关(r=-0.151~-0.232,P0.01)。消极应对方式与情绪性进食呈显著正相关(P0.01),积极应对方式与情绪性进食的相关不显著(P0.05)。3消极应对方式在负性情绪对情绪性进食的影响中起部分中介作用(P0.05)。结论:负性情绪与情绪性进食存在相关,消极应对方式能部分中介负性情绪对情绪性进食的影响。     

职业压力与消防官兵主观幸福感的关系:应对方式的中介作用

目的:探讨消防官兵应对方式在职业压力与主观幸福感间的中介作用。方法:选取秦皇岛地区161名消防官兵,年龄18~32岁,平均(22.4±2.9)岁,采用消防官兵职业压力问卷、简易应对方式量表和总体幸福感量表进行调查。使用回归分析与Bootstrap程序对应对方式在职业压力与主观幸福感间的中介作用进行检验。结果:职业压力得分与主观幸福感、积极应对方式呈显著的负相关(r=-0.625~0.423,P0.01),而与消极应对方式则呈显著的正相关(r=0.233,P0.01);积极应对方式与主观幸福感呈显著的正相关(r=0.517,P0.01),而消极应对方式则与主观幸福感呈显著的负相关(r=-0.269,P0.01)。消防官兵的职业压力对积极应对方式有负向预测作用(β=-0.420,P0.001);积极应对方式在主观幸福感与职业压力间具有部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的21.3%。结论:职业压力不仅能直接影响消防官兵的主观幸福感,还能通过积极应对方式间接影响消防官兵的主观幸福感。     

社会支持与中学生抑郁的关系:应对方式和心理弹性的链式中介作用

目的:探究应对方式和心理弹性在社会支持与中学生抑郁之间的中介作用。方法:采用贝克抑郁量表、社会支持评定量表、特质应对方式问卷和心理弹性量表对253名初中生进行调查。结果:①相关分析表明,社会支持与积极应对(r=0.41,P0.01)呈显著正相关,与消极应对(r=-0.37,P0.01)呈显著负相关;消极应对与抑郁(r=0.50,P0.01)呈显著正相关,积极应对与抑郁(r=-0.36,P0.01)、心理弹性(-0.49,P0.01)与抑郁均呈显著负相关。②路径分析显示,积极应对和心理弹性对抑郁的链式中介作用显著(Boot SE=0.04,P0.001));消极应对和心理弹性对抑郁的链式中介作用也显著(Boot SE=0.02,P0.001)。结论:社会支持对初中生抑郁程度的影响是通过应对方式的中介作用和心理弹性的中介作用,即应对方式与心理弹性的链式中介作用产生的。     

中青年2型糖尿病患者压力知觉对焦虑的影响:应对方式的中介作用

目的:分析中青年2型糖尿病患者压力知觉对焦虑的影响以及应对方式的中介作用.方法:采用整群随机抽样法,选择哈尔滨市某2所三级甲等医院内分泌科首次收治的312名中青年2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,使用一般人口学调查问卷、简易应对方式问卷、压力知觉量表、贝克焦虑量表进行问卷调查,使用SPSS 20.0和A-MOS 17.0进行统计分析.结果:①患者压力知觉、紧张感、失控感与焦虑呈显著正相关(r=0.595,0.545,0.543;P＜0.01)、与消极应对方式呈显著正相关(r=0.602,0.562,0.539;P＜0.01),与积极应对方式呈显著负相关(r=-0.242,-0.197,-0.245;P＜0.01),积极应对方式与焦虑呈显著负相关(r=-0.251,P＜0.01),消极应对方式与焦虑呈显著正相关(r=0.520,P＜0.01);②压力知觉、消极应对方式正向预测焦虑(P＜0.01),积极应对方式负向预测焦虑(P＜0.01);③结构方程检验表明:积极应对方式、消极应对方式在压力知觉和焦虑之间起着部分中介作用.结论:中青年2型糖尿病患者压力水平较大,部分患者存在焦虑情绪,压力知觉、应对方式和焦虑显著相关且应对方式起部分中介作用,可以通过心理干预提高患者积极应对方式的使用从而降低压力知觉对焦虑的不良影响.     

大学生应对方式、学习倦怠与学业拖延的关系

目的:探讨应对方式、学习倦怠与学业拖延的关系。方法:采用简易应对方式问卷、大学生学习倦怠问卷、学生版拖延评估量表对331名大学生的应对方式、学习倦怠与学业拖延情况进行测量。结果:1大学生应对方式积极,学习倦怠得分处于中等水平并存在一定程度的学业拖延;2消极应对与学习倦怠(r=0.234,P<0.01)、学业拖延呈显著正相关(r=0.200,P<0.01),学习倦怠与学业拖延呈显著正相关(r=0.366,P<0.01);3中介检验发现,学习倦怠在消极应对方式与学业拖延之间起部分中介的作用,中介效应占总效应的42.38%。结论:学生的应对方式越消极,学习倦怠程度越高,进而导致学业拖延程度加深。     

Recovery of responsiveness of cells of lateral geniculate nucleus of rat

1. Recovery of responsiveness of single cells in lateral geniculate nucleus of rat has been determined in both P and I cells. There are three types of recovery curve among P cells; (a) early recovery, (b) early partial recovery followed by depression and then complete recovery, (c) prolonged depression followed by cyclic recovery. Type (c) is by far the commonest recovery curve. In contrast to the spike in a P cell, the synaptic potential recovers to its full amplitude in about 20 msec. All I cells exhibit similar rapid recovery curves after a prolonged depression.2. Conditioning stimuli applied to visual cortex also produce a prolonged depression in most P cells but I cells can be re-excited at short intervals from cortex. Decortication does not prevent the prolonged depression of the multineuronal response produced by optic nerve stimulation.3. A neuronal model is proposed to explain these observations. It is supposed that I cells (interneurones) are innervated by axon collaterals of the P cells (principal cells, projecting to visual cortex) and that the I cells exert an inhibitory influence on the P cells.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Analysis of two types of dopaminergic responses of neurons of the spinal ganglia of rats

It was established, in experiments on isolated spinal ganglia of adult rats in concluons of intracellular recording, that dopamine (1 M/liter) elicits depolarized responses in 61% of neurons, hyperpolarized in 20% of neurons, and depolarized-hyperpolarized in 19% of neurons. The depolarized responses are associated with the activation of D₁ dopamine receptors, and are governed by the shift of cAMP-dependent cation (sodium) channels to the conducting state. The hyperpolarized responses are triggered by the activation of D₂ dopamine receptors, which by means of HTP-binding protein convert the potassium channels to the conducting state. The change in the polarization of neurons with the action of dopamine influences their electrical excitability variously.Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 76, No. 6, pp. 739–745, June, 1990.