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1.
腰椎弓峡部裂多孔面螺钉内固定术的解剖学基础   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6  
目的:为腰椎弓峡部裂多孔面螺钉内固定术提供解剖学依据。方法:成人干燥L3、4、5椎各30个,测量与术式有关的进钉部位、方向、角度、长度等数据;L3、4、5椎各5个,行椎板下缘、峡部、椎弓根锯开,作剖面骨密质厚度测量。结果:椎板下缘最厚处平均L3为8.5mm,L4为8.3mm,L5为7.7mm。距离棘突中线L3为11.5mm,L4为14.0mm,L5为16.8mm。峡部中部厚度L3为8.9mm,L4为9.8mm,L5为9.6mm。进钉点至椎弓根上切迹距离L3为3.7cm,L4为3.5cm,L5为3.2cm。进钉角度向上向外与矢状面呈15°~17°。结论:以上数据可供术者因人、椎序酌情选用多孔面螺钉及操作时参考。  相似文献   

2.
内窥镜鼻窦手术相关解剖结构测量及临床意义   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
目的:为功能性鼻内窥镜术中确定手术部位,减少并发症提供解剖学基础。方法:20具(40例)头部标本,以鼻小柱基部为基点,分别测量各解剖结构与基点间的距离的该连线与鼻底的夹角。结果:鼻小柱基点及基线与各解剖结构的平均距离和夹角分别为:泪囊3.9±0.4cm,52°±7.0°;中甲前缘3.9±0.3cm,45.0°±5.0°;额窦开口5.1±0.4cm,58.0°±4.0°;额隐窝4.9±0.5cm,56.0°±5.0°;钩突前缘4.4±0.4cm,49.0°±6.0°;上颌窦开口4.3±0.2cm,45.0°±4.0°;筛前动脉5.6±0.4cm,50.0°±5.0°;视神经6.9±0.5cm,41.0°±6.0°;蝶窦开口6.6±0.4cm,45.0°±4.0°。结论:①鼻小柱是一直观的参照标志,以其为基点测出各解剖数据,对FESS具有实用意义;②尸体标本所测数据与正常人基本一致  相似文献   

3.
下位胸椎和腰椎椎弓根固定术的应用解剖   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2  
用60套(男、女各30)成人干燥骨,对T9-L5椎弓根进行观测。胸椎椎弓根厚度,男为8.5mm,女为7.1mm。腰椎男女分别为10.7mm和8.5mm。胸椎椎弓极高度,男为16.1mm,女为14.0mm。腰椎男女分别为15.5mm和13.4mm。胸椎进钉点经椎弓根到椎体前缘的长度,男为45.9mm,女为39.0mm。腰椎男女分别为53.7mm和48.4mm。胸椎椎弓根最小横断面面积,男为105.3  相似文献   

4.
骶1腰5椎体置入螺钉固定术的应用解剖   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
目的:为骶骨置入螺钉固定术提供解剖学基础。方法:在18例(36侧)成尸脊柱标本上,解剖观测骶骨置入螺钉入路的安全区、置钉点、角度和深距。并在尸体上摹拟了术式。结果:骶骨背面有2个置钉安全区域,腰5骶1关节囊下安全区左右径6.0±1.2mm,上下径8.6±1.4mm。外侧安全区左右径9.1±2.1mm,上下径9.7±2.3mm。螺钉向内偏斜15.1°~22.9°,向尾侧偏斜58.4°~64.4°,向头侧偏斜67.8°±9.3°。置钉深距38.2~48.0mm。结论:本文为从骶骨背面安全区域置钉至骶1、第5腰椎体前皮质固定术提供了应用解剖学  相似文献   

5.
脊柱椎板厚度测量及其临床意义   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
目的:系统地提供颈、胸、腰椎椎板厚度值,为临床应用提供参考资料。方法:对100例原配完整的脊柱骨标本椎板厚度进行了形态学测量。结果:颈椎板(C1除外)C4、C5最薄,为3.0±0.7mm,C2最厚为6.4±1.2mm,呈明显中部薄两端厚的趋势;胸椎板T6最薄为6.5±0.9mm,T12最厚为7.6±1.1mm,厚度变化不明显,平均值6.8±1.0mm;腰椎板L5最薄为6.0±1.1mm,L1、L2最厚为7.7±1.1mm,L1~L5呈明显由厚变薄趋势,L5大于S1椎管后壁厚度。椎板厚度左右侧差异无显著性(P>0.05),性别间差异C7~L3有显著性(P<0.05),同序数椎板厚度男性均大于女性。结论:脊柱椎板厚度有明显的规律性,C3~C6为最薄段,C4、C5最薄,T12~L3为最厚段,L1、L2最厚;而胸椎板厚度(T1~T11)介于颈、腰椎之间  相似文献   

6.
骶前区静脉丛的解剖学特点及临床意义   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
目的:研究骶前区静脉丛(Venous plexus of presacral region ,VPPSR) 的解剖学特点,为骶前区静脉破裂大出血的防治提供解剖学基础。方法:在34 具成人尸体上,分虽观测VPPSR 的组成、管壁、瓣膜、长度及直径。结果:VPPSR 管壁薄、缺少静脉瓣,呈网状。VPPSR S1~5 横干的长度和直径( F 检验) 均有显著差异,P< 0 .05 。其长度平均( 珋x ±s) :S1 为3 .2 ±1 .5 cm ,S2 为4 .4 ±1 .0 cm ,S3 为3 .5 ±1 .1 cm ,S4 为2 .3 ±0 .9 cm ,S5 为1 .0 ±0 .3 cm ;其直径平均(珋x ±s) :S1 为1 .2 ±0 .7 m m ,S2 为2 .5 ±1 .5 m m ,S3 为2 .5 ±1 .5 m m ,S4为1 .7 ±1 .5 m m ,S5 为0 .9 ±0 .6 m m 。S4 椎体前穿通支静脉口径2 ~4 m m 占8 .8 % ,0 .1 ~1 .9 m m 占91 .2 % 。结论:VPPSR 解剖变异多、血管壁薄、缺少静脉瓣是引起VPPSR 损伤大出血甚至死亡的解剖学基础。  相似文献   

7.
经皮腹腔神经丛穿刺的应用解剖   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
目的:为提高腹腔神经丛穿刺阻滞的成功率、减少并发症提供形态学基础。方法:在18具成人尸体腹部横断层标本上对腹腔神经丛的位置、毗邻,穿刺部位、角度、深度进行观测。结果:腹腔神经丛平对胸十二至腰-椎体高度者为94.4%。该丛最佳显示层面为腹部第九横断层面。腹腔神经丛左、右穿刺点距后正中线分别为4.0±0.6cm;5.9±1.1cm,穿刺角度分别为14.0°±4.5°;28.8°±3.7°,穿刺深度为9.7±1.1cm;11.6±1.4cm。结论:穿刺点应选在第十二胸椎棘突下缘,中线向外旁开左4cm、右6cm处。穿刺角度较大时易损伤主动脉、腰升静脉、脊神经,反之易损伤肾、肾上腺和下腔静脉  相似文献   

8.
目的:旨在比较忆扩钉固定术前、后椎间孔高度及面积的变化。方法:5具新鲜颈椎标本。于颈4,5间隙旋转植骨忆扩钉固定,在自制方盘上分别摄术前后侧位及左右45°斜位X线片。用MAS-1型图像分析系统计算椎间孔高度及面积。结果:左侧椎间孔高由术前9.9±0.9mm增至术后10.5±1.1mm。右侧由10.2±0.7增到10.4±0.7mm。左侧椎间孔面积由术前46.1±4.7mm2增至术后48.1±5.7mm2,增大4.2%。右侧由术前45.4±5.2mm2增至术后47.1±5.4mm2,增加3.7%。SF检验均P>0.05。结论:颈椎前路旋转植骨忆扩钉固定对其椎间孔高度及面积略有增加。  相似文献   

9.
肱二头肌短头肌腱转位修复肩锁关节脱位的应用解剖   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
目的:为肱二头肌短头肌腱转位修复肩锁关节脱位提供解剖学基础。方法:31侧经动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人尸体标本,对肱二头肌短头肌腱的形态、血管及喙突的局部结构进行解剖学观察。结果:肱二头肌短头肌腱长8.7±1.5cm,上部宽0.9±0.4cm,中部宽1.2±0.4cm,下部宽1.4±0.4cm,喙突尖至肩峰的距离4.7±0.5cm,喙突尖至锁骨肩峰端4.3±0.4cm。结论:设计肱二头肌短头肌腱移位重建喙锁韧带及肩锁上韧带修复肩锁关节脱位具有可行性  相似文献   

10.
前锯肌下部肌皮瓣移植的应用解剖   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的:为前锯肌下部肌皮瓣移植提供解剖学基础。方法:在25具(50侧)成人尸体标本上,对前锯肌下部的形态、血供和神经支配进行了应用解剖学观测。结果:前锯肌下部的血供主要来自胸背动脉的前锯肌支,外径1.3±0.2mm,伴行静脉外径1.5±0.2mm,长4.9±1.1cm;由胸长神经支配,其横径为1.7±0.4mm,神经干长7.7±1.4cm。结论:以胸背血管及前锯肌支为血管蒂和胸长神经为蒂可切取前锯肌下部12.0cm×9.0cm的肌皮瓣,修复较大创面或重建肌动力  相似文献   

11.
A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.  相似文献   

12.
Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995  相似文献   

13.
目的我科自2001~2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎(0A),进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检:膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎,滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片,关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜,松解粘连,去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月~4年,平均1.5年,术后综合评估2月~1年,优良率94%;1~2年,优良率79.2%;2年以上优良率54.8%。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料,并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效,具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。  相似文献   

14.
为观察链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)双侧侧脑室注射对大鼠海马神经元突触的影响,本研究将Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和模型组,模型组大鼠分别于第1、3d双侧侧脑室重复注射STZ3mg/kg,对照组以人工脑脊液代替STZ。21d后,取大鼠海马,免疫组织化学染色及Western blotting方法观察突触素、活性调节细胞骨架相关蛋白(activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associatedprotein,Arc)的表达;电镜观察海马CA1区神经元突触超微结构的改变。结果显示:与对照组相比,模型组大鼠海马内突触素蛋白表达显著减少,而Arc蛋白表达显著增多;模型组海马CA1区神经毡内突触结构异常,突触小泡聚集增多。以上结果提示:脑室注射STZ可影响大鼠海马突触相关蛋白的表达,引起突触超微结构异常,干扰了神经元突触信号的传导。  相似文献   

15.
The viability of tissue explants of mouse kidneys, estimated quantitatively by growth in plasma-free culture, was shown to depend on several factors connected with the conditions of culture. The effect of methods of treatment of the serum, pH of the medium, and the character of distribution of the tissue explant during culture, the size of the explants, and the firmness of attachment of the tissue fragments to the substrate on this index was demonstrated.Problem Laboratory, Arkhangel'sk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 11, pp. 629–631, November, 1978.  相似文献   

16.
石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。  相似文献   

17.
社区精神分裂症病人照料者的生活质量研究   总被引:28,自引:2,他引:26  
通过对93名精神分裂症患者的家庭照料者与100名对照者比较研究表明,照料者的躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能与经济状况都显著差于对照者。照料者的生活质量与被照料者的病期、病情严重度、整体功能、药物副作用有关;同时,照料者身份为患者母亲者其生活质量受影响最大。  相似文献   

18.
Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993  相似文献   

19.
Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.  相似文献   

20.
A set of seventy axenised and unicyanobacterial isolates belonging to the genus Anabaena were evaluated for biocidal activity against a set of phytopathogenic fungi. Among them, 35 Anabaena strains showed zone of inhibition against one or more fungi. The extracellular filtrates from 4 and 8 weeks old cultures of these Anabaena strains were further evaluated in terms of hydrolytic enzymes, proteins and IAA employing standard methods. Significant differences were also observed among the strains in terms of their FPase, chitosanase and xylanase activity, while low and relatively similar values of CMCase, cellobiase and protease activity were recorded in the strains analyzed. IAA production was also observed in all the strains. Comparative evaluation of activity of hydrolytic enzymes and antifungal activity revealed that such enzymes may contribute to the fungicidal activity of the cyanobacterial strains, besides other bioactive compounds, including IAA, which are established promising traits for biocontrol agents. This study is a first time report on the production of hydrolytic enzymes by these oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes, which can be potential candidates for the development of biocontrol agent(s) against selected phytopathogenic fungi.  相似文献   

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