辅酶Q10对兔膈肌疲劳的作用

实验以膈肌肌电图（ＥＭＧｄｉ）及膈肌诱发电位为指标，观察辅助酶Ｑ１０对兔膈肌作用，发现：（１）复制膈肌疲劳（ＤＩＦ）后静脉注射ＣｏＱ１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，对ＤＩＦ有治疗作用，（２）提前１静脉注射ＣｏＱ１０１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ预处理，对电致作膈肌有保护作用。     

急性缺氧对膈肌疲劳的影响

本文观察急性缺氧对犬膈肌疲劳的影响，发现急性缺氧条件下，膈肌疲劳的耐受时间为１８．００±３．７０ｍｉｎ，较对照组４１．３３±５．３０ｍｉｎ明显缩短（Ｐ＜０．０５），而且疲劳膈肌恢复过程中产生跨膈压（ｔｒａｎｓｄｉａｐｈｒａｇｍａｔｉｃｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ，Ｐｄｉ）明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），证实急性缺氧使膈肌疲劳的耐受性明显下降，且不利于疲劳膈肌肌力的恢复。     

A NEW ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR O_2 AND CO_2 TRANSFER IN SHELL-AND-TUBE(INTRA-LUMINALFLOW)OXYGEN AT ORS

ＡＮＥＷＡＮＡＬＹＴＩＣＡＬＭＥＴＨＯＤＦＯＲＯ２ＡＮＤＣＯ２ＴＲＡＮＳＦＥＲＩＮＳＨＥＬＬ－ＡＮＤ－ＴＵＢＥ（ＩＮＴＲＡ－ＬＵＭＩＮＡＬＦＬＯＷ）ＯＸＹＧＥＮＡＴＯＲＳＡＮＥＷＡＮＡＬＹＴＩＣＡＬＭＥＴＨＯＤＦＯＲＯ２ＡＮＤＣＯ２ＴＲＡＮＳＦＥＲＩ...     

合成聚肽膜渗透抗癌药物的研究

本文制备了聚谷氨酸苄酯膜，并进行皂化，得到了谷氨酸苄酯－谷氨酸共聚物膜．研究了不同聚合物膜对两种抗癌药物５－氟脲嘧啶（５Ｆｕ）及２－羟乙基－氧甲基－５－氟脲嘧啶（２－ＨＥＯＭ－５－ＦＵ）的渗透性能。结果表明Ｐ１（ＢＬＧ－ＬＧＡ）膜渗透５－Ｆｕ和２－ＨＥＯＭ－５－Ｆｕ的渗透系数分别是ＰＢＬＧ膜的４和１６倍，且Ｐ２（ＢＬＧ－ＬＧＡ）膜的渗透系数分别是ＰＢＬＧ膜的１３和２６倍．     

rhIL－6、rhGM－CSF和rhEPO对人骨髓造血干细胞的调节作用

重组人白细胞介素６（ｒｈＩＬ－６）和重组人粒—单细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）与正常人造血干细胞培养１周后，ｒｈＩＬ－６组干细胞数增至４．７±０．７倍；ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ组增至９．３±１．０倍；ｒｈＩＬ－６＋ＧＭ—ＣＳＦ组增至１３．４±３．３倍。与对照组比较，Ｐ均＜０．０１．造血干细胞ＣＦＵ－Ｅ集落分析：ｒｈＩＬ－６组未见ＣＦＵ－Ｅ集落形成；ｒｈＩＬ－６＋ＥＰＯ组则ＣＦＵ－Ｅ集落明显高于ｒｈＥＰＯ组，ｐ＜０．０１．造血干细胞ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ集落分析：ｒｈＩＬ－６组和ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ组可见ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ浆落，无ＣＦＵ＋Ｍｉｘ集落形成；ｒｈＩＬ－６＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ组有ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ集落形成；ｒｂＩＬ－６＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ＋ＥＰＯ联合应用，有ＣＦＵ－ｎ，ｍ，Ｍ，Ｅ混合集落数增多。实验结果提示ｒｈＩＬ－６对造血干细胞有直接的刺激作用，主要刺激粒—单系组细胞增殖。ｒｈＩＬ－６与ｒｈＥＰＯ有协同作用，能促进ｒｈＥＰＯ刺激红系祖细胞的作用。ｒｈＩＬ－６与ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ亦有协同作用，可以刺激多能干细胞形成混合集落。     

膈神经传导以及膈运动诱发电位对呼吸功能障碍评价的初步探讨

目的：初步探讨膈神经传导（ＰＮＣ）及膈运动诱发电位（ＭＥＰ）对评价各种呼吸功能障碍的价值。方法：对３４例病人（各种神经肌肉疾病１９例、呼吸系统疾病１５例）在胸锁乳突肌后缘中点用电刺激膈神经,于第７—８肋间和剑突处记录膈肌复合动作电位;用磁圈置于对侧头皮进行刺激,在深吸气状态下记录膈ＭＥＰ。结果：肌病患者的ＰＮＣ均正常;格林巴利综合征、重症肌无力危象以及遗传性运动感觉神经病者的ＰＮＣ均异常,动态观察结果均表现为ＰＮＣ与呼吸功能障碍显著相关;７例睡眠呼吸暂停综合征中４例ＰＮＣ异常;３例慢性阻塞性肺病有２例主要表现为膈肌电位波幅低;憋气、平卧时呼吸困难者患者５例中仅１例表现为单侧膈肌电位波幅低;５例作ＭＥＰ的睡眠呼吸暂停综合征者３例异常、３例慢性阻塞性肺病者的隔ＭＥＰ均正常。结论：ＰＮＣ不仅可客观地评价神经肌肉性呼吸功能障碍、预示疾病过程,而且还可为呼吸系统病变所致呼吸功能障碍提供膈肌功能障碍的其它信息;结合ＰＮＣ及隔ＭＥＰ两者的结果可能有助于判断睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的病变类型。     

促肝细胞生长素诱导人肝癌细胞（BEL－7402）凋亡

本文从细胞学、ＤＮＡ凝胶电泳、流式细胞术三方面研究促肝细胞生长素（ｐＨＧＦ）在体外对肝癌细胞增殖活性的影响。结果表明：ｐＨＧＦ对肝癌ＢＥＬ－７４０２细胞增殖有抑制作用，并存在剂量和时间相关性。其４８ｈ的半数抑制浓度（ＩＤ５０）为０．３７ｍｇ／ｍｌ±０．０４ｍｇ／ｍｌ。而３７℃灭活的ｐＨＧＦ对ＢＥＬ－７４０２细胞增殖在１５ｈ无抑制作用，在２４和４８ｈ抑制作用很弱（ＩＤ５０＞１．５ｍｇ／ｍｌ）。ＤＮＡ凝胶电泳结果表明，ｐＨＧＦ可诱导ＢＥＬ７４０２细胞产生细胞凋亡（Ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ）。流式细胞术（ＦＣＭ）结果显示：ｐＨＧＦ抑制ＢＥＬ－７４０２细胞增殖过程是先使细胞停留在Ｇ０／Ｇ１期，继而诱导细胞产生凋亡。后两项结果均显示ｐＨＧＦ对人肝癌细胞凋亡的诱导里时间和剂量相关性。     

促肝细胞生长素诱导人肝癌细胞（BEL－7402）凋亡

本文从细胞学、ＤＮＡ凝胶电泳、流式细胞术三方面研究促肝细胞生长素（ｐＨＧＦ）在体外对肝癌细胞增殖活性的影响。结果表明：ｐＨＧＦ对肝癌ＢＥＬ－７４０２细胞增殖有抑制作用，并存在剂量和时间相关性。其４８ｈ的半数抑制浓度（ＩＤ５０）为０．３７ｍｇ／ｍｌ±０．０４ｍｇ／ｍｌ。而３７℃灭活的ｐＨＧＦ对ＢＥＬ－７４０２细胞增殖在１５ｈ无抑制作用，在２４和４８ｈ抑制作用很弱（ＩＤ５０＞１．５ｍｇ／ｍｌ）。ＤＮＡ凝胶电泳结果表明，ｐＨＧＦ可诱导ＢＥＬ７４０２细胞产生细胞凋亡（Ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ）。流式细胞术（ＦＣＭ）结果显示：ｐＨＧＦ抑制ＢＥＬ－７４０２细胞增殖过程是先使细胞停留在Ｇ０／Ｇ１期，继而诱导细胞产生凋亡。后两项结果均显示ｐＨＧＦ对人肝癌细胞凋亡的诱导里时间和剂量相关性。     

α-MSH对EGTA发热的作用

目的：观察α－ＭＳＨ对ＥＧＴＡ发热反应的作用及其可能机制。方法：建立ＥＧＴＡ发热模型；在离体条件下，应用Ｆｕｒａ－２荧光指示剂测定细胞内Ｃａ２＋浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）；体外培养下丘脑神经细胞。结果：α－ＭＳＨ能明显抑制ＥＧＴＡ性发热反应（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＥＧＴＡ可以降低下丘脑神经细胞［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ水平（Ｐ＜０．０１），但α－ＭＳＨ不影响正常下丘脑神经细胞［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ及ＥＧＴＡ对下丘脑神经细胞［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的作用（Ｐ＞０．０５）；ＥＧＴＡ可刺激体外培养的下丘脑神经细胞释放ＣＲＨ（Ｐ＜０．０５），而α－ＭＳＨ能抑制ＥＧＴＡ的这种作用（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：α－ＭＳＨ抑制中枢发热介质ＣＲＨ的产生可能是降低ＥＧＴＡ发热反应的主要机制之一；中枢ＣＲＨ的产生和释放增加可能是ＥＧＴＡ性发热的一个重要因素。     

分泌性中耳炎中耳积液和血清中sIL－2R水平的初步研究

应用酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）对３０例正常人血清（对照组）和６０例分泌性中耳炎患者（ＳＯＭ组）中耳积液和血清中可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）进行了检测。结果示ＳＯＭ组血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显高于对照组，ＭＥＦ中其含量明显高于血清；鼻咽癌组血清及ＭＥＦ中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显高于─般ＳＯＭ组；粘液组高浆液组；慢性组高于急性组（均Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示：血清及ＭＥＦ中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平的测定有助于对ＳＯＭ患者免疫状态的评估；ＭＥＦ中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ可能主要由局部中耳粘膜产生；ＭＥＰ中高浓度的ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ存在可能是ＳＯＭ迁延不愈的─个原因。     

The effect of level of contraction on the electromyographic power spectrum of the diaphragm in pigs.

We investigated the relationship between the frequency components of myoelectric power spectra of the diaphragm and the level of diaphragmatic contraction in seven anaesthetized spontaneously breathing pigs. Electromyographic activity of the costal and crural portions of the diaphragm were recorded with fish-hook electrodes and the frequency-power spectra during inspiration were computed and expressed in terms of centroid frequency (fc). Diaphragmatic force was indirectly assessed as transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) which was measured with balloon-catheter systems placed in the abdomen and oesophagus. The relationships between Pdi and costal and crural fc were assessed during brief (2 min) and incremental increases in diaphragmatic contraction, achieved by gradual occlusion of the inspiratory line of the breathing circuit. When Pdi was increased to 128, 191, 287 and 421% of the value measured during unobstructed breathing, costal and crural fc rose significantly in all animals because of an increase in the power of high-frequency components and a decline in the power of low-frequency components. Both costal and crural fc returned to control values within 5 min of the release of inspiratory occlusion. Our results indicate that the level of contraction is an important determinant of the diaphragmatic myoelectric power spectrum and should be taken into consideration when using power spectral analysis to diagnose diaphragmatic mechanical failure.     

膈神经传导时间在麻醉复苏中的应用

目的:探讨膈神经传导时间(PNCT)在麻醉复苏过程中对膈肌功能的监测作用。方法: 对8例手术病人观察全麻使用肌松药前后颤搐性跨膈压(Pdi_(t))和PNCT的变化。结果: 8例手术病人在全麻前:Pdi(t)为(23.7±2.4) cmH₂O,左、右侧PNCT分别为(5.7±1.3) ms和(5.6±0.9) ms;全麻使用肌松药后:Pdi_(t)下降到(11.5±3.4) cmH2O(下降率51.5%,P＜0.01),而左、右侧PNCT则分别延长为(6.1±1.3)ms和(6.4±0.6)ms,并随Pdi_(t)的恢复而逐步缩短。结论:肌松药诱发膈肌无力和引起双侧PNCT延长,且PNCT随着Pdi_(t)的恢复而缩短; PNCT的测定有助于间接监测全麻使用肌松药期间膈肌肌力的动态变化。     

Reproducibility of twitch and sniff transdiaphragmatic pressures

Twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (Tw Pdi) measured with magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerve is used to follow up patients and to assess the effect of clinical treatments on diaphragm function. However the reproducibility of Tw Pdi on different occasions has been little studied. We investigated 32 normal subjects, measuring Tw Pdi elicited by bilateral magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves on two to 14 occasions. Sniff transdiaphragmatic pressure (sniff Pdi) was also measured. The mean value of Tw Pdi and sniff Pdi were 28+/-5 and 134+/-24 cm H(2)O, respectively. The within subjects coefficient of variation was 11% for both Tw Pdi and sniff Pdi. We conclude that there is a variability of Tw Pdi and the variability of Tw Pdi is the same as that of sniff Pdi.     

Acquired hemophilia complicated by cardiorenal syndrome type 3

Development of autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) leads to a rare condition defined as acquired hemophilia (AH). If not diagnosed and treated early, AH may be associated with high mortality and morbidity. A 65-year-old woman presented with history of macrohematuria, acute renal failure, cardiogenic shock, and acute respiratory failure. Blood investigation revealed azotemia, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), coagulation FVIII level of <1%, and presence of FVIII inhibitor. Echocardiography showed global hypokinesia and ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. The final diagnosis was acquired hemophilia A, complicated by acute obstructive renal failure and cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type 3. Patient was managed with mechanical ventilation, heparin-free hemodialysis, negative fluid balance, recombinant activated factor VII, and prednisolone. Hematuria was relieved, renal function improved, and cardiac function showed improvement on repeat echocardiography. Patient was discharged on prednisolone with subsequent follow ups.     

Diaphragmatic effects of selective resection of the upper phrenic nerve root in dogs

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on the diaphragm of upper phrenic nerve root resections in dogs. During laryngeal reinnervation, selective resections of the upper phrenic nerve root (C5) were performed unilaterally (right side, n=7; Group A) and bilaterally (n=6; Group B) and compared to non denervated animals (n=5). After 8 months, a diaphragmatic evaluation was performed: X-ray, EMG, transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) after ipsi- and bilateral tetanic stimulation of the phrenic nerves and a bilateral histological study of five hemidiaphragmatic regions. EMG alterations were significantly more severe in Group B than in Group A, for the left (p<0.05) and right hemidiaphragms (p<0.01). No differences in the X-rays were noted between the three groups. The Pdi of the three groups after occlusion and phrenic nerve stimulations (unilateral and bilateral) were not statistically different. Histological data demonstrated that there were no differences in fibre irregularity, predominant fibre type or fibrosis between the three groups. Macroscopic and microscopic atrophy, which was mainly present on the anterior regions of the hemidiaphragms, was significantly higher in Group B than in Group A and undenervated dogs (p<0.05). In conclusion, resection of the upper phrenic nerve root of one phrenic nerve (right side) have limited effect on the diaphragm in dogs. However, resection of the upper phrenic nerve root on both sides resulted in a significant effect on the EMGs and histology of the entire diaphragm without any significant consequences on transdiaphragmatic pressure.     

Interactions between glass ionomer cement and alkali metal fluoride solutions: the effect of different cations

This study examines the effect of different cations in equimolar alkali metal fluoride solutions on their interactions with glass ionomer cements. Uptake of both fluoride and cation were measured together with change in solution pH and morphological changes in the cement surface. Two cements were used; AH2, a dental restorative cement containing both fluorine and alkali metal (Na) as glass components and LG30, which contained neither. Discs of cement 1 x 10 mm were set in moulds at 37 degrees C for 1 h then, stored in water for 3 days at 37 degrees C. Discs in each test group (N = 5) were immersed in 10 ml of solutions of either NaF, KF, or RbF, all containing 900ppm F, control discs were stored in water, all at 37 degrees C for 24h. Solutions were analysed for F- by ISE potentiometry, Na+ by the same technique and K+ and Rb+ were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Uptake was obtained by difference between solution used for immersion and the control solution. Solution pH was measured potentiometrically. The surface roughness of the discs was measured by linear stylus profilometry. Fluoride ion uptakes for AH2 were 451 micromol/g NaF, 378 KF, and 318 RbF. The comparable figures for LG30 were 202, 161, and 159. Differences between cements were all statistically significant and also between solutions pairings except for the KF/LG30 vs. RbF/LG30. Uptake of cations was equimolar for AH2/ NaF, AH2/RbF and LG30/KF but M+:F- ratios were significantly above unity for AH2/KF and LG30/NaF and significantly below unity for LG30/RbF. The pH changes were all positive and were significantly higher for AH2 than LG30 and for RbF compared to the other fluoride solutions for each cement (probably because of its lower initial pH). The final pH of all solutions were less than I pH unit from neutral (pH7). The AH2 cement test discs all showed significant increase in roughness (Ra) compared to control discs stored in water whereas the LG30 discs showed no such difference. Regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between fluoride uptake and Ra. It was concluded that changing the alkali metal cation influenced all four variables examined (F- uptake, M+ uptake, pH change and extent of cement surface roughening).     

Free A-I apolipoprotein and bound A-I apolipoprotein determined by "multiple" crossed immunoelectrophoresis in patients with acute hepatitis and obstructive jaundice]

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) using anti-A-I apolipoprotein antiserum gave a large immunoprecipitin peak of bound A-I apolipoprotein (bound A-I) with alpha mobility and a small immunoprecipitin peak of free A-I with pre-beta mobility. The concentrations of free A-I and bound A-I were determined in 7 patients with acute hepatitis (AH) and in 3 patients with obstructive jaundice (OJ) by a "multiple" CIEP designed so that four samples could be simultaneously determined on one agarose-gel plate. The concentrations of bound A-I and free A-I in 40 normolipidemic healthy individuals were 126.5 +/- 16.3 mg/dl and 7.2 +/- 2.2 mg/dl (means +/- SD), respectively. The characteristic findings in CIEP for apo A-I obtained on patients with AH and OJ were the pronounced decrease in bound A-I and the appearance of double peaks with pre-beta mobility, the one on the cathodic side of which was proved to be bound A-I. Hypo-A-I apolipoproteinemia recognized in patients with AH and OJ was due to the decrease of bound A-I. In parallel with the recovery of the hepatic function after treatment, the reduced concentration of bound A-I was gradually normalized, accompanied by restoration of the level of total apo A-I. However, the concentration of free A-I increased in AH and OJ complicated with hypertriglyceridemias, and was not affected by the change in liver function. These findings suggest that free A-I originates from organs other than the liver whereas bound A-I certainly originates from the liver. The determination of bound A-I is clinically useful in AH and OJ.     

Cartography of human diaphragmatic innervation: preliminary data

In humans, anatomy indicates that the phrenic nerve mainly arises from the C4 cervical root, with variable C3 and C5 contributions. How this translates into functional innervation is unknown. The diaphragm response to electrical stimulation of C3, C4 and C5 was described in three patients undergoing surgical laryngeal reinnervation with an upper phrenic root (surface chest electrodes at anterior, lateral and posterior sites; oesophageal and gastric pressures (Pes and Pga) to derive transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi)). Anatomically, the phrenic nerve predominantly originated from C4. Phrenic stimulation elicited motor responses at the three sites in the three patients, as did C4 stimulation. It produced Pdi values of 9, 11, and 14cmH(2)O in the three patients, respectively, vs. 9, 9, and 7cmH(2)O for C4. C3 stimulation produced modest Pdi responses, whereas C5 stimulation could produce Pdi responses close to those observed with C4 stimulation. These singular observations confirm the dominance of C4 in diaphragm innervation but suggest than C5 can be of importance.     

Effects of monoclonal antibody directed to LeY on implantation in the mouse

The role of carbohydrates in embryo implantation in the mouse was investigated using an embryo transfer model and a blastocyst-uterine epithelial cell co-culture system. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) AH6 directed to LeY oligosaccharide (Fuc alpha1-2 Gal beta 1-4 [Fuc alpha1- 3] GlcNAc) and other three mAbs directed to carbohydrates whose structures are closely related to LeY were used to show the effect of carbohydrate specificity on implantation. In the embryo transfer model, donor blastocysts (4 days post-coitus) were pretreated with mAb AH6 (experimental) or other mAbs (control) and transferred into one uterine horn of a recipient. The implantation rate was checked after 5 days. Implantation was significantly inhibited by mAb AH6 pretreatment, and inhibition was not observed in control groups. In the co-culture system, the attachment and outgrowth rate of blastocysts on the surface of uterine epithelial cells was significantly inhibited when monolayer epithelial cells or blastocysts were pretreated with mAb AH6. The most obvious effect of mAb AH6 was obtained during 2-4 h co-incubation. No inhibition was observed in the control groups. It was, therefore, concluded that oligosaccharide LeY recognized by mAb AH6 plays an essential role at the initial stage of implantation. It may act as a mediator molecule for adhesion between the surface of blastocyst and epithelial cell, and its function is carbohydrate-specific.