体感诱发电位在骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折微创手术中的监测

自1990年法国Galibert用经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(VCF),2000年用后凸成形术(PKP)微创治疗VCF以来,国内用这一技术治疗VCF的报道也日趋增多,但同时大家也在探索一种简单可行的方法来预防PVP和PKP后可能出现的脊髓、神经压迫等并发症。我院于2004年开展了PVP和PKP治疗VCF,在12例手术中将体感诱发电位(SEP)用于手术中监测,取得了一定经验,现报道如下。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体血管瘤

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术（PVP）治疗椎体血管瘤的临床效果。方法应用经皮椎体成形术（PVP）治疗椎体血管瘤11例,共18节椎体,观察术后症状缓解情况。结果9例术后随访3～18个月,无胸腰背部疼痛加重,未出现血管瘤复发,无椎体骨折出现。结论经皮椎体成形术（PVP）是治疗椎体血管瘤的一种安全、有效的方法。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗创伤性椎体压缩骨折临床分析

目的对应用经皮椎体成形术对患有创伤性椎体压缩骨折的患者实施治疗的临床效果进行研究。方法抽取82例患有创伤性椎体压缩骨折的患者，随机分为对照组和治疗组，平均每组41例。采用常规开放手术方式对对照组患者实施治疗；采用经皮椎体成形术对治疗组患者实施治疗。结果治疗组患者创伤性椎体压缩骨折病情治疗效果明显优于对照组；住院治疗时间和椎体功能复常时间明显短于对照组；围手术期出现不良反应的人数明显少于对照组。结论应用经皮椎体成形术对患有创伤性椎体压缩骨折的患者实施治疗的临床效果非常明显。     

椎体成形术治疗老年性骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折疗效观察

目的观察经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法采用经皮椎体成形术和经球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折86例,观察并分析其临床效果。结果在所治疗的86例病例中,在术后6-48小时内均有腰背部疼痛的缓解,有12例13椎出现骨水泥渗漏,所有患者均无脊髓、神经根损伤及静脉栓塞、肺栓塞等并发症的产生。随访2-8个月,均未发现有新的骨折形成。结论椎体成形术对老年性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折有良好的治疗效果。骨水泥渗漏是其主要并发症。     

椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的研究进展

随着全球老龄化社会的到来,由骨质疏松引起的椎体压缩骨折的发病率逐年升高,由此引起的其他严重并发症可导致患者残疾、死亡,加重社会的负担。尽管保守治疗能够在短期内获得一定的治疗效果,但从长期来看,无法减少患者的疼痛和其他并发症的发生。经皮椎体成形术和球囊后凸成形术已经在临床得到广泛应用并取得了良好的效果。近几年出现的椎体支架、Kiva等新技术也逐渐引起人们的重视。本文回顾近几年最新的手术技术进展,并对其中尚存的问题进行讨论。     

椎体成形术及椎体后凸成形术灌注剂

目前椎体成形术及椎体后凸成形术已广泛采用骨质疏松性椎体骨折治疗，并取得良好效果。主要概述被用于椎体成形术和椎体后凸成形术的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、磷酸钙骨水泥、珊瑚颗粒、珍珠母粉末及陶瓷材料等的研究进展。     

椎体成形术及椎体后凸成形术灌注剂

目前椎体成形术及椎体后凸成形术已广泛采用骨质疏松性椎体骨折治疗,并取得良好效果。主要概述被用于椎体成形术和椎体后凸成形术的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、磷酸钙骨水泥、珊瑚颗粒、珍珠母粉末及陶瓷材料等的研究进展。     

经皮椎体成形术联合唑来磷酸治疗椎体转移性肿瘤

脊柱是骨肿瘤转移最常发生的部位之一,肿瘤组织对椎体侵袭破坏可导致剧烈的腰背部疼痛,严重影响患者的生活和工作。治疗脊柱转移性肿瘤的目的是为了缓解和控制骨痛,促进骨修复,提高生活质量。经皮椎体成形术﹙PVP﹚为椎体恶性肿瘤的治疗带来了一种有效的方法。双磷酸盐已成为治疗和预     

椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效观察

目的探讨椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法选取2013年11月至2015年11月四川奥斯迪康骨医院收治的老年患者骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折60例,随机分为椎体后凸成形术组(治疗组)与传统治疗组(对照组),每组30例。观察两组患者治疗前后视觉模拟评分量表(VAS),ODI功能指数评分及影像学指标(椎体前缘高度、中线高度、后缘高度)。结果治疗前两组VAS、ODI功能指数评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者VAS评分、ODI功能指数评分比较,治疗组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组患者影像学指标(椎体前缘高度、中线高度、后缘高度)高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折创伤小,见效快,效果可,值得临床推广。     

单侧椎弓根入路椎体后突成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折

目的总结局麻下单侧经椎弓根入路椎体后突成形术治疗各种椎体压缩性骨折的效果和安全性。方法 2005年9月～2010年5月采用单侧椎弓根入路治疗各种脊椎压缩性骨折121例共145椎,包括老年性骨质疏松症,椎体转移性肿瘤等。所有手术均为局部麻醉、单侧椎弓根入路、术中监测生命体征、下肢感觉运动状况以及椎体复位、骨水泥弥散情况。评估术前、术后患者疼痛改善程度。结果 121例患者手术均顺利完成,术后48小时内疼痛均有不同程度的缓解。椎体前缘的高度恢复幅度平均为4±1.1mm,疼痛视觉模拟评分从术前平均7.8分改善为术后平均3.2分（〈0.05）。结论局麻下单侧经椎弓根入路椎体后突成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折操作简单,具有较好的安全性和临床效果。     

Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty--a systematic review of cement augmentation techniques for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures compared to standard medical therapy

After more than two decades the treatment effect of cement augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCF) has now been questioned by two blinded randomised placebo-controlled trials. Thus many practitioners are uncertain on the recommendation for cement augmentation techniques in elderly patients with osteoporotic VCF. This systematic review analyses randomised controlled trials on vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty to provide an overview on the current evidence. From an electronic database research 8 studies could be identified meeting our inclusion criteria of osteoporotic VCF in elderly (age>60 years), treatment with vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, controlled with placebo or standard medical therapy, quality of life, function, or pain as primary parameter, and randomisation. Only two studies were properly blinded using a sham-operation as control. The other studies were using a non-surgical treatment control group. Further possible bias may be caused by manufacturer involvement in financing of three published RCT. There is level Ib evidence that vertebroplasty is no better than placebo, which is conflicting with the available level IIb evidence that there is a positive short-term effect of cement augmentation compared to standard medical therapy with regard to QoL, function and pain. Kyphoplasty is not superior to vertebroplasty with regard to pain, but with regard to VCF reduction (evidence level IIb). Kyphoplasty is probably not cost-effective (evidence level IIb), and vertebroplasty has not more than short-term cost-effectiveness (evidence level IV). Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty cannot be recommended as standard treatment for osteoporotic VCF. Ongoing sham-controlled trials may provide further evidence in this regard.     

Clinical outcome of vertebral compression fracture after single fraction spine radiosurgery for spinal metastases

Vertebral compression fracture (VCF) occurs after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for spine metastasis. Recently, single fraction radiosurgery (sfSRS) is used more frequently. The aim of this study is to determine the clinical outcome of VCF after sfSRS. Spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS) criteria were used to retrospectively score 143 consecutive vertebral segments in 79 patients treated with SRS. Follow-up MRI, pain, and neurologic assessments obtained every 3–6 months. Pain also scored at 7, 14, and 30 days after sfSRS. Follow up was 16 ± 18 months ±SD, range 3–78. Long-term radiographic control occurred in 94 % of cases. Pain improvement resulted within 7 days in 100 % of cases with severe pain and sustained long-term in 95 %. VCF occurred in 21 % of segments: 30 % were de novo VCF. The overall 1 year fracture free probability (1yFFP) was 76 %. Pre-existing VCF resulted in higher probability to progress: 1yFFP 90 versus 60 %. Symptoms presented in 6 % of cases with de novo VCF and 39 % with progressive. The former were treated with vertebral augmentation (VA), the latter with open surgery. Surgery/VA prior to SRS did not change risk of progressive VCF. Univariate but not multivariate analysis identified histology (colorectal), pre-existing VCF, and pain (severe) as significant predictors of VCF. In conclusion, sfSRS compares favourably to SBRT for radiographic and pain control with similar VCF risk. Patients with pre-existing VCF have a higher probability to progress, become symptomatic, and require surgery. These results may help discussing risk and benefits with patients undergoing sfSRS for spinal metastasis and developing new treatment algorithms.     

Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Vertebral Compression Fractures Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Radiomics

Journal of Digital Imaging - Vertebral Compression Fracture (VCF) occurs when the vertebral body partially collapses under the action of compressive forces. Non-traumatic VCFs can be secondary to...     

Chest wall resection for invasive lung carcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma, and other types of malignancy. Pathologic aspects in a series of 107 patients

With improvements in surgical techniques for resection and reconstruction of the chest wall, pathologists are confronted with complicated surgical specimens. There are no currently available guidelines specifically dedicated to the handling of these specimens. Extended resections of lung carcinoma chest wall invasions may change the clinical value of some TNM subsets. We reviewed a series of 107 consecutive malignant tumors involving the chest wall and resected in our institution during a 3-year period. The 107 patients included 39 females and 68 males aged 6 to 80 years (mean, 53 years). Ninety-eight cases (92%) were en bloc resection. There were 55 invasions by lung carcinomas including 19 Pancoast tumors. With the current TNM classification, five lung carcinomas, treated with vertebral body resection because of vertebral foramina invasion, were T3. Four lung carcinomas were N3 or M1 only because of supraclavicular or chest wall lymph node invasion. Other tumors included 20 primary soft-tissue tumors, 13 primary skeletal tumors, 12 metastases, four local invasions by breast tumors, and three miscellaneous lesions. Resected structures included one to six ribs (mean, 2.6; n = 89), thoracic inlet (n = 24), three or four vertebral bodies (n = 13), sternum (n = 17), clavicles (n = 15), shoulder blade (n = 4), upper limb (n = 2), skin (n = 29), lung (n = 64), diaphragm (n = 2), and mediastinum (n = 2). Ten cases were incomplete resections including five because of vertebral body or vertebral foramina tumor invasion. The study of surgical specimens resulting from resection of malignant tumors of the chest wall is complicated because of the variety of both tumor histologic types and involved anatomic structures. Specimen radiograms have a great informative value. Assessment of surgical margins, especially vertebral foramina, is imperative. In lung carcinomas invading the chest wall, we suggest that vertebral foramina invasion could be classified T4 and that the prognostic value of chest wall lymph nodes isolated invasions should be assessed for a possible N1 classification.     

Application of three-dimensional models constructed using virtual simulation technique in the vertebral metastatic tumor

BACKGROUND: Vertebral metastatic tumor often damages vertebral body and the appendix, and causes severe pain in patients and high incidence of complications, such as paraplegia and spinal kyphosis. The principle of metastatic tumor treatment is early diagnosis, complete surgical resection, and postoperative chemotherapy. Imaging techniques such as CT can detect spinal metastases and accurately position the tumor before surgery. Currently visualized simulation and virtual reality techniques have been increasingly used in the field of orthopedics. OBJECTIVE: To find an anterior-posterior approach for the treatment of vertebral metastases using visual reality technique. METHODS: Based on the 64-layer spiral CT two-dimensional images of lumbar vertebra, we reconstructed the structure of normal vertebrae, affected vertebrae, abdominal aorta and bilateral kidney three-dimensionally using Mimics software. Then anterior debridement, titanium bone cement supporting, and posterior pedicle screw fixation were performed on three-dimensional models. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Three-dimensionally reconstructed models were clearly visible in Dicom format, and can reproduce the structure of affected vertebrae and adjacent organs. The virtual stimulation operation provided clarity with strong relief perception. Virtual simulation surgery accurately visualize three-dimensional structure of malignant tumor and adjacent structure, position the lesion site, and reconstruct spinal sequence via the posterior approach. This method provides an objective evidence for individualized treatment programs.     

Aggressive (malignant) epithelial odontogenic ghost cell tumor.

A 57-year-old man had an expanding cystic lesion of the anterior maxilla that demonstrated destruction and disruption of local structures. A cystic odontogenic neoplasm as well as various forms of odontogenic carcinoma was suspected. Incisional biopsy and microscopic examination revealed an aggressive epithelial odontogenic tumor with histologic features suggesting malignant transformation from an odontogenic cyst. The patient continues to refuse further treatment despite remaining tumor. This case further documents the malignant potential of a calcifying odontogenic cyst and the existence of at least an aggressive or possibly malignant form of epithelial odontogenic ghost cell tumor. To date, metastatic work-up has not been performed.     

An Online Evidence-Based Decision Support System for Distinguishing Benign from Malignant Vertebral Compression Fractures by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Feature Analysis

Decision support systems have been used to promote the practice of evidence-based medicine. Computer-assisted diagnosis can serve as one element of evidence-based radiology. One area where such tools may provide benefit is analysis of vertebral compression fractures (VCFs), which can be a challenge in MRI interpretation. VCFs may be benign or malignant in etiology, and several MRI features may help to make this important distinction. We describe a web-based decision support system for discriminating benign from malignant VCFs as a prototype for a more general diagnostic decision support framework for radiologists. The system has three components: a feature checklist with an image gallery derived from proven reference cases, a prediction model, and a reporting mechanism. The website allows users to input the findings for a case to be interpreted using a structured feature checklist. The image gallery complements the checklist, for clarity and training purposes. The input from the checklist is then used to calculate the likelihood of malignancy by a logistic regression prediction model. Standardized report text is generated that summarizes pertinent positive and negative findings. This computer-assisted diagnosis system demonstrates the integration of three areas where diagnostic decision support can aid radiologists: first, in image interpretation, through feature checklists and illustrative image galleries; second, in feature-based prediction modeling; and third, in structured reporting. We present a diagnostic decision support tool that provides radiologists with evidence-based guidance for discriminating benign from malignant VCF. This model may be useful in other difficult-diagnosis situations and requires further clinical testing.     

Aspiration biopsy cytology of metastatic endometrial stromal sarcoma and extragenital mixed mesodermal tumor

Aspiration biopsy from metastatic tumors in two cases of endometrial stromal sarcoma and one case of endometrial adenosarcoma revealed malignant endometrial stromal cells with ill-defined cytoplasm and round or oval hyperchromatic nuclei showing irregular chromatin clumping and conspicuous nucleoli. They were seen mainly in clusters. Aspirate from a metastatic tumor of a mixed mesodermal tumor arising from the omentum showed similar malignant endometrial stroma cells, irregular tight clusters of malignant glandular cells having scanty but well-defined cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei with conspicuous nucleoli, and fragments of atypical smooth muscle tissue. The diagnostic malignant endometrial stromal cells in those reported cases did not display any distinctive cellular features permitting their cytologic identification. They were difficult to differentiate from those of other types of sarcoma. In a clinical setting, with a known primary endometrial stromal sarcoma or mixed mesodermal tumor, however, a cytodiagnosis of its metastases may be suggested when malignant endometrial stromal-cell-like cells are seen in aspirated material, oviating an open-tissue biopsy.     

Aspiration biopsy cytology of extraabdominal desmoid tumor concurrently occurring in a patient with tumoral calcinosis

Extraabdominal fibromatosis or desmoid tumor (DT) is a slow growing locally aggressive soft tissue tumor that can occur anywhere in the body. We report the aspiration biopsy cytology features of a case of DT of the right neck area in a 35-year-old man who had a long standing history of tumoral calcinosis. The aspirate was interpreted as "benign spindle cell lesion" and confirmed as DT on histologic examination of the resected mass. We discuss the possible differential diagnoses of other benign or malignant lesions on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy and especially discuss the aspiration cytology features of DT compared with those of tumoral calcinosis. We also discuss the value of immunohistochemical markers that help in differentiating DT from other entities.     

The incidence of new vertebral compression fractures in women after kyphoplasty and factors involved

PURPOSE: To identify the incidence of new vertebral compression fractures in women after kyphoplasty and to analyze influential factors in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and eleven consecutive female patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) underwent kyphoplasty at 137 levels. These patients were followed for 15.2 months postoperatively. For the survey of new vertebral compression fractures, medical records and x-rays were reviewed, and telephone interviews were conducted with all patients. RESULTS: During that time 20 (18%) patients developed new VCFs. The rate of occurrence of new VCFs in one year was 15.5% using a Kaplan-Meier curve. Body mass index (BMI), symptom duration and kyphoplasty level were the statistically significant factors between the patient groups both with and without new VCFs after kyphoplasty. In the comparison between the adjacent and remote new VCF groups, the adjacent new VCF group showed a larger amount of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) use during kyphoplasty (p<0.05). Before kyphoplasty, 9.9% of the patients had been prescribed medication for osteoporosis, and 93.7% of the patients started or continued medication after kyphoplasty. The development of new VCFs was affected by the number of vertebrae involved in the kyphoplasty. However, the lower incidence rate (15.5%) of new compression fractures might be due to a greater percentage (93.7% in our study) of patients taking anti-osteoporotic medication before and/or after kyphoplasty. CONCLUSION: When kyphoplasty is planned for the management of patients with osteoporotic VCFs, the application of a small amount of PMMA can be considered in order to lower the risk of new fractures in adjacent vertebrae. The postoperative use of anti- osteoporotic medication is recommended for the prevention of new VCFs.