超声引导下胸膜活检、结核分枝杆菌-PCR及干扰素联合检测诊断结核性胸膜炎

目的探讨超声引导下胸膜活检、胸水结核分枝杆菌-PCR（TB-PCR）及干扰素（r-IFN）检测对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值。方法对57例结核性胸腔积液患者行超声引导下胸膜活检,取壁层胸膜组织送病理检查,同时测定胸水中的TB-PCR、r-IFN。结果胸膜病理结果为干酪样坏死或肉芽肿病变46例,胸水TB-PCR阳性20例,r-IFN〉240pg/ml37例,胸膜病理结合胸水TB-PCR、r-IFN诊断结核性胸膜炎52例,较分别单独检查阳性率明显升高（P〈0.01）。结论超声引导下胸膜活检结合胸水TB-PCR、r-IFN的测定是结核性胸膜炎重要的内科确诊手段。     

超声引导下胸膜活检、结核分枝杆菌-PCR及白介素-6联合检测诊断结核性胸膜炎

目的探讨超声引导下胸膜活检、胸水结核分枝杆菌-PCR（TB-PCR）及白介素-6（IL-6）检测对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值。方法对50例结核性胸腔积液患者行超声引导下胸膜活检,取壁层胸膜组织送病理检查,同时测定胸水中的TB-PCR、IL-6。结果胸膜病理结果为干酪样坏死或肉芽肿病变42例,胸水TB-PCR阳性23例,IL-6〉135pg/m l 35例,胸膜病理结合胸水TB-PCR、IL-6诊断结核性胸膜炎45例,较分别单独检查阳性率明显升高（P〈0.01）。结论超声引导下胸膜活检结合胸水TB-PCR、IL-6的测定是结核性胸膜炎重要的内科确诊手段。     

超声引导下胸膜活检、干扰素联合检测诊断结核性胸膜炎

目的探讨超声引导下胸膜活检及胸水干扰素检测对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值。方法对42例结核性胸腔积液患者行超声引导下胸膜活检,取壁层胸膜组织送病理检查,同时测定胸水中的干扰素。结果胸膜病理结果为干酪样坏死或肉芽肿病变34例,胸水IFN-r〉240pg/ml31例,胸膜病理结合胸水IFN-r诊断结核性胸膜炎40例,较分别单独检查阳性率明显升高（P〈0.01）。结论超声引导下胸膜活检结合胸水IFN-r的测定是结核性胸膜炎重要的内科确诊手段。     

胸膜活检标本行基因扩增对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值

目的 评价胸膜活检组织行聚合酶链反应(PCR)对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值?方法 PCR检测65例胸膜活检组织中结核分枝杆菌DNA,并与胸水检测及胸膜活检组织病检对比?结果 胸膜活检组织PCR阳性率831%,胸水PCR阳性率为631%,胸膜活检组织病检阳性率为60.0%?前者较后两者更敏感?结论 胸膜活检组织PCR检测对结核性胸膜炎有较高的诊断价值?     

胸膜活检标本行基因扩增对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值

目的 评价胸膜活检组织行聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值。方法 ＰＣＲ检测６５例胸膜活检组织中结核分枝杆菌ＤＮＡ,并与胸水检测及胸膜活检组织病检对比。结果 胸膜活检组织ＰＣＲ阳性率８３．１％,胸水ＰＣＲ阳性率为６３．１％,胸膜活检组织病检阳性率为６０．６％。前者较后两者更敏感。结论 胸膜活性组织ＰＣＲ检测对结核性胸膜炎有较高的诊断价值。     

结核性胸膜炎胸腔镜下表现与临床特点分析

目的探讨结核性胸膜炎患者胸膜病变在胸腔镜下表现及与临床之间关系。方法对我院临床诊断结核性胸膜炎的447例患者作内科电子胸腔镜检查,将胸腔镜下表现与病程、病理及临床特点作回顾性分析。结果 447例结核性胸膜炎患者在胸膜腔内均发现明显病灶,早期表现为充血水肿、肉芽结节;晚期主要表现为纤维粘连包裹、胸膜肥厚等。各期不同形态的病变可单独或同时存在。病理确诊率70.2%。胸水及胸腔清除物结核菌培养阳性率46.3%。结论结核性胸膜炎在胸腔镜下可表现为多种形态,胸膜病变表现与病程关系密切,胸腔内纤维包裹形成是导致胸水吸收排出困难的主要原因,内科胸腔镜对诊断治疗结核性胸膜炎及判断预后有较高价值。     

超声引导下经皮肺胸膜穿刺活检在确诊肺周围型肿块及胸膜病变中的意义

目的对164例临床难以确诊的靠近胸壁的周围型肺部肿块及胸膜病变明确组织分型的诊断。方法利用超声引导经皮肺胸膜穿刺自动活检取材,对临床难以确定诊断的周围型肺部肿块及胸膜病变共164例作出病理诊断。结果肺癌56例,肺结核10例,肺部炎症22例,肺良性肿物3例,转移性肺癌14例,结核性胸膜炎42例,胸膜间皮瘤9例,脓胸1例,坏死4例,无结果3例。157例做出组织学分型诊断。组织学确诊阳性率95．7%,穿刺后无气胸并发症,咯血3例占1．8%。结论超声引导下经皮肺胸膜穿刺活检是一种操作简便、安全、实用、取材准确、确诊率高的获取病理组织标本的方法。也是快速确诊周围型肺部肿块及胸膜病变的方法之一。     

1 例淋巴瘤误诊为结核性胸腔积液并文献复习简

结核性胸腔积液是临床常见的一类胸腔积液,而它的确诊还是相对困难的.结核性胸膜炎的确诊需要胸腔积液或胸膜活检标本中找到结核杆菌,或胸膜活检有典型结核性肉芽肿改变;然而根据病史和临床表现,以及胸腔积液ADA增高,临床上也可诊断结核性胸腔积液[1].超过一半的结核性胸腔积液患者,胸腔积液是唯一的临床表现.由于结核性胸腔积液胸膜结核分枝杆菌负荷低,胸腔积液离心沉淀后的结核菌涂片阳性率在5%以下[2],结核性胸腔积液胸水培养结果阳性率〈20%[3],而且这往往需要等待几个星期.胸膜活检病理检查作为诊断结核性胸腔积液的一种重要手段,但并非只有结核性胸腔积液的胸膜病理呈肉芽肿病变,还有如真菌性疾病、结节病、土拉菌病和类风湿胸膜炎也可有肉芽肿病变[1],有时还得抗酸染色或活检标本的培养.     

内科胸腔镜在胸膜炎病因诊断中的应用

目的探讨内科胸腔镜在胸膜炎病因诊断中的应用价值,并初步分析结核性和癌性胸膜炎的镜下表现。方法对32例病因不明的胸膜炎患者进行内科胸腔镜检查,术中对肉眼可见的病变壁层胸膜进行活检。结果32例患者壁层胸膜活检病理报告：结核18例,癌症12例,慢性炎症2例。结核性胸膜炎患者中2例胸膜弥漫性充血,14例壁层和脏层胸膜上密集或散在分布的大小较均匀的色灰白或淡黄的小结节,2例壁层胸膜上分布大小不等伴坏死的结节状新生物,其中2例胸膜腔内伴有纤维条索状分隔。癌性胸膜炎中10例壁层胸膜、脏层胸膜、膈胸膜上可见大小不等的灰白色菜花状结节伴坏死糜烂,呈孤立或浸润分布,2例壁层胸膜明显增厚、质韧伴白色结节。结论本组患者经内科胸腔镜检查后阳性确诊率为93．8％,结核性胸膜炎镜下表现主要为胸膜充血、散在或密集分布的粟粒样结节和纤维条索状粘连;癌性胸膜炎镜下表现为脏层和壁层胸膜上的白色菜花状结节伴坏死糜烂和胸膜变韧。     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤的临床特点及鉴别诊断

目的探讨恶性胸膜间皮瘤的临床特点及其鉴别诊断。方法对山东省胸科医院2009年1月至2013年12月确诊的30例恶性胸膜间皮瘤及同期住院的30例肺腺癌胸膜转移及30例结核性胸膜炎的临床表现,影像学特点,实验室检查,胸腔镜下表现进行对比和分析。结果恶性胸膜间皮瘤的临床症状同结核性胸膜炎及肺腺癌胸膜转移组患者相比缺乏特异性。影像学表现中环状胸膜增厚,病侧肺容积小,纵隔固定在恶性胸膜间皮瘤中相对常见。实验室检查中恶性胸膜间皮瘤无特异性检查指标,肺腺癌胸膜转移患者血及胸水癌胚抗原(CEA)明显升高,胸水找肿瘤细胞阳性率高;结核性胸膜炎胸水腺苷酸脱氨酶是相对特异性指标。胸腔镜下表现中恶性胸膜间皮瘤主要表现为弥漫胸膜增厚及大小不等的结节,有的呈大的肿块样改变,质地相对较硬。肺腺癌胸膜转移主要表现为不同程度的胸膜增厚及孤立或多发小结节,部分可融合呈桑葚或菜花状,易于取病理。结核性胸膜炎以充血、水肿,黏连和分隔,包裹为主要表现,可见有粟粒状小结节分布。胸腔镜多点取材并行免疫组化各组病例均明确诊断。结论恶性胸膜间皮瘤临床表现缺乏特异性,易于误诊为肺腺癌胸膜转移及结核性胸膜炎,内科胸腔镜检查可准确诊断恶性胸膜间皮瘤等胸膜疾病,减少误诊。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。