非小细胞肺癌中LOC146880的表达水平及其临床意义

目的探讨LOC146880在非小细胞中的表达水平及其临床意义。方法收集本院非小细胞肺癌组织标本48例,相应的癌旁组织标本48例,通过问卷调查及收集临床资料,分析患者性别、年龄、肺部疾病史、家族史、吸烟情况、肺癌病理类型、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移情况、远处转移情况、肿瘤分期等与LOC146880在非小细胞肺癌中表达的相关性,对比LOC146880在非小细胞肺癌组织与癌旁组织中的表达。RT-PCR法检测肺癌组织及癌旁组织中的LOC146880基因表达。结果患者性别、年龄、肺部疾病史、家族史、肺癌病理类型、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移情况、远处转移情况、肿瘤分期等对LOC146880的表达无显著影响(P0.05)。吸烟组的LOC146880表达量明显高于不吸烟组,(P0.05); LOC146880在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达量为(6.045±0.519),在癌旁组织中的表达量为(4.191±0.295),两者比较差异有统计学意义,(P0.05)。结论吸烟可以引起LOC146880高表达;LOC146880在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达量明显高于癌旁组织。LOC146880有望成为非小细胞肺癌新型诊断标志物和肿瘤治疗的靶点。     

非小细胞肺癌中IGF1、IGFBP2表达与预后的相关性分析

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌组织胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白2(IGFBP2),蛋白表达与患者临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法将226例确诊的非小细胞肺癌患者癌组织为非小细胞肺癌组;选取其癌旁正常组织为癌旁对照组。检测癌组织及癌旁正常组织IGF1、IGFBP2蛋白表达水平;分析非小细胞肺癌患者癌组织IGF1与IGFBP2蛋白表达相关性及其与预后的关系;并分析影响非小细胞肺癌患者预后的因素。结果非小细胞肺癌组IGF1、IGFBP2蛋白高表达率高于癌旁对照组(P<0.05)。非小细胞肺癌患者癌组织IGF1、IGFBP2蛋白表达与肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、组织分化程度、TNM分期有关(P<0.05)。非小细胞肺癌患者癌组织IGF1与IGFBP2蛋白表达呈正相关(r=0.472,P<0.05)。IGF1、IGFBP2高表达患者五年生存率(33.33%、29.41%)低于低表达患者(69.23%、73.33%)(P均<0.05)。IGF1高表达、IGFBP2高表达、TNMⅢ~Ⅳ期是影响非小细胞肺癌患者死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论IGF1、IGFBP2可能在非小细胞肺癌发生发展过程中发挥重要作用,且IGF1、IGFBP2高表达与患者不良预后有关。     

DCLK1和A20在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨肿瘤相关因子双肾上腺样激酶1(DCLK1)和肿瘤坏死因子α诱导蛋白3(A20)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达情况及临床意义。方法用免疫组织化学方法检测DCLK1和A20在61例肺癌和22例癌旁肺组织中的表达。结果 (1)非小细胞肺癌原发灶组织和癌旁肺组织中A20的表达阳性率分别为59.0%(36/61)和18.2%(4/22),两组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);非小细胞肺癌原发灶组织和癌旁肺组织中DCLK1表达阳性率分别为21.3%(13/61)和27.3%(6/22),两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)A20蛋白阳性水平与淋巴结转移显著相关(P0.05),与NSCLC病理组织类型、肿瘤组织分化程度无相关性(P0.05)。DCLK1蛋白阳性水平与肿瘤组织分化程度、临床分期及淋巴结转移均无相关性(P0.05)。结论 A20在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达明显高于癌旁组织,其表达情况与淋巴结转移相关,可能参与了非小细胞肺癌的发生和发展,DCLK1与非小细胞肺癌的进展无明显关系。     

EMMPRIN在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的 研究肿瘤转移基因EMMPRIN在非小细胞肺癌癌组织和癌旁组织中的表达及意义.方法 采用RT-PCR检测80例非小细胞肺癌癌组织和40例癌旁正常组织中EMMPRIN的表达.结果 EMMPRIN在肺癌细胞中表达阳性率高于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在NSCLC中,EMMPRIN表达随着肿瘤病理分级和TNM分期增加而有增高趋势.EMMPRIN的表达与有淋巴结转移呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 EMMPRIN参与了NSCLC的发生发展过程,EMMPRIN的表达可作为判断NSCLC病理分级及转移和预后的指标,为临床诊断和治疗提供依据.     

锌指蛋白3在非小细胞肺癌中的表达

目的探讨锌指蛋白(ZBED)3在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的表达及与临床病理资料的相关性。方法 50对原发性肺癌及癌旁组织行免疫组化、荧光定量PCR检测ZBED 3蛋白、mRNA的表达;12对新鲜肺癌及癌旁组织行Western印迹检测ZBED 3蛋白的表达;统计学软件分析不同临床病理指标与ZBED 3表达的相关性。结果免疫组化实验显示ZBED 3表达定位于细胞质及少数细胞核,癌细胞中ZBED 3表达的阳性率显著高于癌旁组织(P0.05);Western印迹试验证实ZBED 3在肺癌组织中的表达显著高于癌旁组织(P0.05);实时荧光定量PCR检测肺癌组织mRNA表达水平明显高于癌旁组织(P0.05);ZBED 3在NSCLC中的表达与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤分化及组织学类型等无显著相关性(P0.05),但与淋巴结转移及TNM分期相关(P0.05)。结论 ZBED 3在NSCLC中过度表达,并与肿瘤的淋巴结转移、TNM分期相关。     

WASP结合蛋白在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床病理意义

目的探讨WASP结合蛋白(WASP-interacting protein,WIP)在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及与非小细胞肺癌临床病理特征之间的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP二步法,检测WIP在石蜡固定的110例非小细胞肺癌组织和70例癌旁组织中的表达。结果非小细胞肺癌组织中WIP的表达明显高于癌旁组织中的表达(P0.01),并与肿瘤的分化程度、TNM分期以及淋巴结转移相关(P0.05或P0.01)。WIP高表达组的3年生存率(32.14%)低于低表达组(71.43%)。WIP高表达及淋巴结转移是是影响非小细胞肺癌患者独立的预后因素。结论 WIP在非小细胞肺癌中异常高表达,可能参与并促进肿瘤的恶性进程,检测其表达情况会对评估非小细胞肺癌患者是否有淋巴结侵犯及预后起一定的提示作用。     

miR-411在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探究miR-411在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中表达及临床意义。方法收集2017年3月至2018年8月于海南西部中心医院普二科行肺癌根治手术切除的NSCLC组织62例及其相应的癌旁组织,采用Real-time PCR法检测组织中miR-411的mRNA相对表达量。分析miR-411的表达与NSCLC临床病理特征(性别、年龄、有无吸烟史、肿瘤直径、组织学、有无淋巴结转移和TNM分期)的关系,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析影响预后的因素。结果 miR-411在NSCLC组织中表达量为5.58±0.52,在癌旁组织中表达量为1.64±0.38(P0.05);miR-411表达与淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关(P0.05);Cox单因素分析显示除miR-411表达外,淋巴结转移和TNM分期,也与OS有关(P0.05)。结论 MiR-411在NSCLC中高表达,miR-411高表达与TNM分期和淋巴结转移有关,miR-411可作为NSCLC诊断和预后的预测新的靶点。     

CD73与调节性T细胞在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的研究非小细胞肺癌中CD73与调节性T细胞的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测CD73与Foxp3标记的调节性T细胞在70例非小细胞肺癌及10例癌旁正常肺组织的表达,分析其与临床病理其特征的相关性。Kaplan-Meier生存分析研究CD73及调节性T细胞与患者生存期的关系。单因素及Cox回归多因素分析非小细胞肺癌预后相关因素。结果 CD73与调节性T细胞在10例癌旁正常肺组织中均呈阴性表达。70例非小细胞肺癌组织中53例CD73呈阳性表达(73.7%),49例调节性T细胞呈阳性表达(70%)。CD73与调节性T细胞的表达与淋巴结转移、TNM分期及生存期相关(P0.05)。CD73与调节性T细胞的表达有相关性(r=0.284,P0.05)。在单因素分析中,患者预后与肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、分化程度、TNM分期、CD73与调节性T细胞的表达相关(P0.05)。Cox多元回归分析提示CD73与调节性T细胞是患者生存期的独立影响因素(P0.01)。结论 CD73与调节性T细胞在非小细胞肺癌表达上调,有可能成为监测非小细胞肺癌病情及判断预后的有效指标。     

EGFR及IGF1R在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中表达及临床意义的研究

目的探究EGFR及IGF-1R在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中表达及临床意义。方法 90例NSCLC患者均接受肺癌完全性切除术,NSCLC患者的病理标本,用免疫组织化学法染色检测EGFR、IGF-1R在NSCLC组织及癌旁正常组织中的表达,并分析其表达情况与肿瘤病理及临床生物学行为之间的关系。结果 EGFR及IGF-1R在NSCLC组织中的阳性表达率明显高于癌旁正常组织(P0.001),EGFR阳性表达与年龄、组织学类型、分化程度、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移及临床分期显著相关(P0.05),IGF-1R阳性表达与肿瘤大小、临床分期及淋巴结转移显著相关(P0.05),且Spearman相关性分析提示,EGFR和IGF-1R在NSCLC中表达呈正相关。结论 EGFR及IGF1R表达水平与NSCLC临川和预后关系密切,两者之间可能存在协同或交叉作用,有望为探索NSCLC临床预后因素提供新的理论依据。     

老年结直肠癌组织中miR-182表达及其与临床病理参数的关系

目的探讨老年结直肠癌组织中微小RNA(miR)-182的表达及其与临床病理参数的关系。方法选择绍兴市人民医院2010年1月至2011年12月70岁以上老年结直肠癌患者120例结直肠癌组织及其相应的癌旁组织标本。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)测定结直肠癌组织和癌旁组织中miR-182水平。结果结直肠癌组织中miR-182水平明显高于癌旁组织(P0.05)。结直肠癌组织中miR-182水平与结直肠癌TNM分期、淋巴结转移和远处转移明显相关(P0.05),TNM分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移、有远处转移患者结直肠癌组织中miR-182水平明显高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移、无远处转移患者(P0.05);结直肠癌组织中miR-182水平与结直肠癌患者年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、肿瘤浸润深度、癌胚抗原(CEA)水平无关(P0.05)。结直肠癌组织中miR-182水平诊断结直肠癌的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积为0.812,95%CI为0.809～0.815,miR-182水平界值为1.623,灵敏度为86.34%,特异度为77.16%。miR-182低表达患者的生存率明显高于高表达者(P=0.009)。结论老年结直肠癌组织中miR-182水平升高,miR-182水平与结直肠癌的临床分期、淋巴结转移、远处转移有关,有望成为结直肠癌诊断和预后预测的潜在指标。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.