窒息性胸廓发育不良(2例报告并文献复习)

目的　提高对窒息性胸廓发育不良的认识。方法　对 2例窒息性胸廓发育不良的临床表现、影像特征进行描述 ,并结合文献分析。结果　 (1)窒息性胸廓发育不良是一种少见的常染色体隐性遗传性骨软骨发育不良性疾病。 (2 )多见于婴儿早期 ,但可迟至青春期 ,临床以胸廓狭小及伴发的呼吸系统异常 ,肾消耗病的进行性加重为主要表现 ,并可有其他系统合并症。 (3 )影像表现特征为胸廓狭长 ,骨盆畸形及肢体畸形。包括 :长骨短、干骺端增宽、掌指骨短粗、锥形骨骺及赘生指。结论　窒息性胸廓发育不良有特征性影像学表现     

婴幼儿胸壁错构瘤的影像诊断

目的：探讨婴幼儿胸壁错构瘤（MHCW）的临床影像特征。方法：回顾性分析2例病理确诊为MHCW婴儿的临床影像资料。2例患儿临床表现为发热、咳嗽,均行胸部X线正侧位片及CT增强扫描。结果：2例患儿胸片均表现为左侧胸腔类圆形密度不均肿块,受累肋骨受压变形。CT显示肿物源自肋骨,境界清晰,内见高密度钙化样密度影,中心肋骨膨胀变形,增强后肿物部分区域轻度强化。结论：MHCW的影像表现具有一定特征性,确诊需依靠组织病理学检查。     

家族性多发性神经纤维瘤病(附5例报告)

本文报道了家族性神经纤维瘤病5例,着重讨论了本病较少见的胸部X线改变,主要表现为:(1)胸廓畸形及部分肋骨纤细扭曲;(2)肺间质纤维变;(3)纵膈神经源性肿瘤;(4)心脏改变。并述及其它部分骨的异常X线改变和有关的鉴别诊断。     

颅面骨骨化性纤维瘤的影像诊断

目的 分析颅面骨骨化性纤维瘤的CT、X线表现,提高其诊断准确性.方法 回顾性分析23例经手术病理证实的颅骨、颌面骨骨化性纤维瘤的临床及影像表现,19例行CT检查,7例行X线检查.结果 23例骨化性纤维瘤的主要影像表现为:(1)硬化型8例;(2)囊性2例;(3)混合型13例.CT检查正确诊断17例,误诊2例,X线检查正确诊断1例,误诊6例.结论 CT检查在颅面骨骨化性纤维瘤的诊断、鉴别诊断及指导临床治疗中有重要作用.     

艾滋病并发软组织骨骼感染的X线和CT表现

目的 探讨艾滋病(AIDS)并发软组织骨骼感染的X线和CT表现.方法 回顾性分析18例AIDS并发软组织骨骼感染的X线和CT表现.结果 18例AIDS并发软组织骨骼感染中,蜂窝织炎1例,CT表现为皮下斑片状密度增高影.软组织脓肿6例,CT表现为类圆形低密度灶,增强后呈环状强化.脓性肌炎1例,CT表现为不均匀低密度灶,增强后病灶边缘强化.脓毒性关节炎4例,其中膝关节病变3例,髋关节病变1例;X线平片示骨质破坏2例,正常2例;CT表现为骨质破坏3例,关节腔积液4例.骨髓炎9例,其中骨结核8例,包括椎体病变6例,X线和CT的主要表现为椎体骨质破坏,骨质增生,死骨形成,椎间隙变窄;肋骨病变3例,CT表现为膨胀性骨质破坏;髂骨、骶骼关节病变1例,X线和CT表现为骨质破坏,死骨形成,关节间隙增宽.股骨慢性化脓性骨髓炎1例,X线表现为骨质破坏,骨质增生硬化,骨膜反应.结论 软组织和骨骼感染是艾滋病常见并发症,影像检查对疾病的早期诊断和治疗具有重要意义.     

骨未分化高级别多形性肉瘤的影像表现及病理特征

目的 探讨骨未分化高级别多形性肉瘤(BUPS)的影像表现及病理特征.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的22例BUPS的影像表现.2例行X线、CT和MRI检查,5例行X线和MRI检查,1例行X线和CT检查,3例仅行CT检查,11例仅行X线检查.结果 22例中,15例发生在四肢骨,3例发生在骨盆,左肩胛骨、第6肋骨、下颌骨、第5腰椎各1例;主要表现为溶骨性骨质破坏,可合并膨胀改变,伴软组织肿块,可见骨膜反应或合并病理性骨折,病理上表现为瘤细胞的多形性,需结合免疫组织化学.结论 BUPS影像表现缺乏特征性,但结合病史,如在长骨发现溶骨性骨质破坏,伴软组织肿块应考虑该病可能,最终需依靠病理确诊.     

肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线及CT表现

目的 分析肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线及CT表现,提高对该病的诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析8例肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的临床资料,所有患者均经穿刺活榆或手术切除后病理证实.全部患者均行X线平片检查;6例行螺旋CT平扫,其中1例行CT增强扫描.结果 8例肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿均为单发;6例发生于前肋,2例发生于后肋;X线均表现为单房类圆形骨质破坏,境界较清楚.CT扫描表现:5例呈膨胀性骨质破坏,骨皮质变薄,3例呈溶骨件骨质破坏,病灶周围形成软组织肿块;1例行CT增强扫描,病灶呈中度较均匀强化.结论 肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线平片和CT表现有一定的特征性.     

肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线及CT表现

目的 分析肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线及CT表现,提高对该病的诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析8例肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的临床资料,所有患者均经穿刺活榆或手术切除后病理证实.全部患者均行X线平片检查;6例行螺旋CT平扫,其中1例行CT增强扫描.结果 8例肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿均为单发;6例发生于前肋,2例发生于后肋;X线均表现为单房类圆形骨质破坏,境界较清楚.CT扫描表现:5例呈膨胀性骨质破坏,骨皮质变薄,3例呈溶骨件骨质破坏,病灶周围形成软组织肿块;1例行CT增强扫描,病灶呈中度较均匀强化.结论 肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线平片和CT表现有一定的特征性.     

肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线及CT表现

目的 分析肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线及CT表现,提高对该病的诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析8例肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的临床资料,所有患者均经穿刺活榆或手术切除后病理证实.全部患者均行X线平片检查;6例行螺旋CT平扫,其中1例行CT增强扫描.结果 8例肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿均为单发;6例发生于前肋,2例发生于后肋;X线均表现为单房类圆形骨质破坏,境界较清楚.CT扫描表现:5例呈膨胀性骨质破坏,骨皮质变薄,3例呈溶骨件骨质破坏,病灶周围形成软组织肿块;1例行CT增强扫描,病灶呈中度较均匀强化.结论 肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线平片和CT表现有一定的特征性.     

X线对胎儿期成骨不全的诊断价值

目的 评估X线对胎儿期成骨不全的诊断价值. 资料与方法 回顾性分析6例死胎成骨不全的X线征象. 结果 4例为Ⅱ型成骨不全,表现为四肢长骨短粗、弯曲变形、骨小梁结构紊乱,肋骨短小变形,胸廓狭小,颅骨薄.2例为Ⅲ型成骨不全,表现为四肢长骨细长,多发骨折,肋骨、胸廓未见明显异常.其中1例母亲为Ⅰ型成骨不全. 结论 X线平片可以明确胎儿期成骨不全X线诊断和分型,为临床提供重要诊断依据.     

X-连低磷酸盐血症(附1家系6例报告)

目的　提高对X -连低磷酸盐血症的认识和诊断。方法　该家族共 3代 6例患者 ,男 2例 ,女 4例。年龄 12～ 66岁。 6例均经临床生化证实 ,选择先证者及其母亲摄取颅骨、双手及双腕关节、胸腰椎、骨盆、双膝关节和双胫腓骨平片。结果　临床表现以身材矮小、双下肢弯曲畸形、骨关节疼痛和低磷酸盐血症为主。X线表现有 :(1)肢体弯曲畸形 ;(2 )骨端膨大 ,关节面模糊伴囊变 ;(3 )承重肢体出现Looser带及骨间隔 ;(4 )儿童干骺端喇叭样膨大 ,干骺端毛刷征 ;(5 )骨转换表现 ;(6)松质骨骨小梁粗疏、细疏或呈网状 ;(7)骨皮质松化 ;(8)椎体“双框征” ,附件呈棉絮状改变 ;(9)髂骨翼骺下疏松带 ;(10 )耻骨联合、骶髂关节毛刷征 ;(11)骨盆口三角状或变扁、变形 ;(12 )多发性牙齿脱落。结论　X线表现与临床、生化特点相结合 ,可对X -连低磷酸盐血症做出正确诊断     

螺旋CT骨三维重建在汶川大地震关节内及其它部位骨折诊断中的应用

目的 探讨螺旋CT骨三维重建在汶川大地震关节内及其它部位骨折诊断中应用价值.方法 对25例汶川地震中关节内及其它部位骨折患者行多层螺旋CT容积扫描,在工作站上对图像进行包括多平面重建及表面遮盖骨三维重建处理,观察重建图像对骨折的显示.结果 25例患者共36处骨折,采用骨三维重建方法均清楚显示.膝关节骨折6处,显示X线平片漏诊胫骨后交叉韧带止点撕脱性骨折1处;踝关节骨折3处,其中1例为Pilon骨折;肩关节骨折5处,发现X线漏诊肩关节盂前唇骨折1处;肘关节骨折3处;颈椎骨折2处,胸椎骨折4处,腰椎骨折5处,其中2例为爆裂性骨折,均伴关节突关节骨折,1例伴椎体滑脱;骨盆骨折8处,其中1处为骶髂关节骨折伴骶髂关节分离.本组中开放性骨折4例,骨折伴脱位6例,25例骨折病例周围软组织均不同程度肿胀.结论 螺旋CT骨三维重建能直观、逼真地显示骨折情况,为临床诊断及治疗提供更加充分的资料.     

The ankle meter: an instrument for evaluation of anterior talar drawer in ankle sprain

The aim of this study was to work out a clinical test which is possible to measure the anterior talar drawer (ATD) in patients after ankle sprain. The instrument for evaluation was called ankle meter. The instrument consists of two plastic scales (heal scale and tibia scale). The instrument allows quantifying the results of the anterior drawing test. A total of 38 persons (16 men, 22 women) were available as control group. The persons were 28.8±10.1 years old. No proband had any ankle problems in his history. A total of 45 patients (25 males, 20 females) suffering from ankle sprain were included in the study. In these patients stress radiography (147.1 N) was performed to measure the ATD. In control group the clinical measured ATD was 1.7±1.3 mm. Measurement for detect the interobserver validity did not detect significant differences. The ATD of the joint after ankle sprain was significantly higher (8.9±4.3 mm). The difference between healthy and injured ankle in case of an ankle sprain was 7.4±4.2 mm. There was a significant correlation between clinical and radiological measured ATD (R=0.91). The results suggest that it is possible to measure the ATD exactly. The values of the clinical ATD measurement showed a good correlation with the results of stress radiography. Diligent clinical examination in combination with this special test are after this experiences sufficient to classify the severity of injury after ankle sprain.     

Scintigraphic image in a case of atypical presentation of Burkitt lymphoma. The role of the scintigraphy with 67Ga SPECT in the diagnosis and post-treatment control

We present a case of Burkitt's disease with bone (thoracic wall, femur) and lymph node involvement. The patient had symptoms of fever with thoracic wall and femur pain. Lymph node involvement was detected by clinical exploration. A chest X-ray showed rib abnormalities. 99mTc-DPD scan showed thoracic wall (one rib) and femur involvement. 67Gallium SPECT and CT were performed at diagnosis. 67Gallium SPECT showed thoracic wall (one rib more) and abdominal lymph node involvement that was not detected by planar images. A CT scan did not show metastatic disease in mediastinal and abdominal lymph node chains but did show it in one rib and femur. After 6 chemotherapy sessions a new 67gallium scan and CT scan were performed. 67Gallium SPECT showed involvement in the thoracic wall (one rib) that was not detected in planar images. The CT scan was considered normal.     

X线导向经皮胸部穿刺针吸活检(附401例报告)

目的：评价Ｘ线导向经皮穿刺针吸活检术对胸部病变的诊断价值。方法：对４０１例胸部肿块或结节进行了４５１人次Ｘ线导向经皮穿刺针吸活检术。结果：穿刺针吸标本细胞学或细菌学检查阳性３５６例（８８．８％），阴性４５例（１１．２％）。经手术病理、随访或治疗等证实，真正阳性３５６例，真正阴性４例，诊断正确率为８９．８％，假阴性４１例，误诊率为１０．２％。穿刺活检术后发生气胸４１例（１０．２％），少量咯血３３例（８．２％），无大出血或大量咯血者，亦无死亡病例。结论：Ｘ线导向经皮穿刺针吸活检对胸部肿块或结节是一种简单实用且比较安全的获取诊断资料的检查方法。     

广西X射线诊断受检者体表入射剂量调查

目的 探讨广西X射线诊断受检者体表入射剂量。方法 分层随机抽样选取25家不同级别医院的2 236例X射线诊断受检者为调查对象,采用热释光剂量测量不同级别的医院、不同类型设备和不同照射部位受检者的体表入射剂量。结果 普通X射线摄影、计算机X射线摄影(CR)和直接数字化X射线摄影(DR)受检者体表入射剂量范围分别为0.08~31.51、0.11~4.25和0.05~35.63 mGy。腹部前后位(AP)、骨盆AP;头颅侧位(LAT)、头颅后前位(PA)、胸部PA、胸部LAT、胸椎AP、胸椎LAT、腰椎AP、腰椎LAT入射剂量范围分别为0.08~19.53、0.15~18.78、0.08~9.87、0.06~9.24、0.05~2.71、0.13~2.93、0.15~19.01、0.07~25.33、0.16~27.23和0.11~35.63 mGy。结论 广西X射线诊断受检者平均入射剂量达标,但部分DR摄影致胸部PA入射剂量超过医疗照射指导水平。     

系统性红斑性狼疮的胸部临床X线表现(附62例分析)

目的:探讨系统性红斑性狼疮在胸部不同组织、器官浸润的临床X线表现,提高对红斑性狼疮胸部浸润的X线诊断水平.方法:搜集经临床检查证实、资料完整的系统性红斑性狼疮患者胸部平片62例,其中40例具有胸部异常改变,部分患者有不同病期或治疗前后的X线胸部平片用于观察对照,本文结合文献就红斑性狼疮胸部改变的X线征像及病理基础进行分析.结果:40例具有胸部异常的患者中,其X线表现形式多种多样,同一患者可有多种异常表现形式同时存在.其中间质性肺改变36例,肺内渗出性改变24例,肺内粟粒结节影6例,肺内多发圆形空洞性病灶2例,肺水肿2例,大叶性肺不张1例;胸膜异常表现为胸膜肥厚或胸膜腔积液22例,纵隔及皮下气肿1例;心影增大24例;横膈升高2例.结论:系统性红斑性狼疮胸部X线改变形式多种多样,但部分征像可能具有特征性.     

螺旋 CT 容积扫描方法诊断胸廓骨及肋骨骨折的价值探讨

目的：探讨螺旋CT容积扫描诊断胸廓骨骨折的临床价值。方法笔者回顾性分析2011年1月～2014年6月拟诊断为胸廓骨及肋骨骨折患者80例的临床资料,男性49例,女性31例;年龄22～76岁,平均（40．2±2．3）岁。均具有完整X线片、3D图像和CT轴位扫描图像资料,并对X线、3D图像和CT轴位扫描图像的诊断结果进行对比分析。结果排除可疑骨折,以CT轴位扫描图像作为金标准,X线诊断的灵敏度为61．54％,特异度为66．67％;3D容积重建（ VR）诊断的灵敏度为98．59％,特异度为87．50％。结论螺旋CT可快速确诊胸廓骨及肋骨骨折,容积扫描中的容积再现法（ VR）、最大密度投影法（ MIP）和多平面重组法（ MPR）技术能较好显示细微骨折,在解剖空间结构上有较强优势。     

Report on a new type of trauma full-body digital X-ray machine

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic equivalence, radiation dose, clinical usefulness and radiographic aspects of a low-dose, full-body digital X-ray machine in a busy trauma unit. A digital trauma X-ray machine known as "LODOX" was compared with conventional radiography between June 1999 and November 2001 in the Groote Schuur Hospital Trauma Unit, Cape Town. Digital images of a variety of body regions commonly imaged in trauma were compared for diagnostic image quality in a number of categories with equivalent conventional radiographs. A seven-point equivalence scoring system ranging from much inferior (−3) through equivalent (0) to much superior (+3) was used in each category. Radiation dose was recorded and compared with that in conventional measurements. Turnaround times of patients undergoing digital and conventional X-rays were evaluated. Clinical and radiographic issues were assessed by staff feedback. The digital images when compared with conventional film had an overall mean equivalence score of −0.429, with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.77. The best digital performance was in the mediastinum (mean 0.346, SD 0.49) and the weakest was for bony detail (mean −0.654, SD 0.81). Relative digital radiation dose compared to conventional varied from 72% (chest) to 2% (pelvis), with a simple average of 6%. Radiographic points included full-body imaging capability and differing positioning, penetration, workflow and practicality considerations. The digital images required overall patient times of 5–6 min, compared with 8–48 min for conventional X-rays. New installations are under way, and computed tomography and angiography applications are being explored. FDA approval is awaited. Projected cost is similar to that of flat-panel digital units. This digital unit was felt to be diagnostically substantially equivalent to conventional radiographs, with low-dose full-body imaging, improved workflow, digital technology and long-term cost benefits as potentially favourable contributions to trauma imaging. Electronic Publication     

纵隔髓外造血组织增生的影像表现(附2例报告并文献复习)

目的 探讨纵隔髓外造血组织增生(EMH)的影像表现,提高影像诊断水平,减少误诊。资料与方法 报告2例EMH病例,结合文献对该病的病因、病理、影像表现及诊断、鉴别诊断进行讨论。结果2例EMH正位X线胸片表现为下胸段脊柱旁向肺野突出的类圆形阴影。CT扫描为中下段胸椎旁单侧或双侧出现多发半圆形或分叶状软组织块影．病变边缘光滑,密度均匀;增强扫描呈轻或中度均匀强化。结论 EMH的影像表现有一定的特征,X线、CT扫描结合临床可作出影像学诊断。