大鼠脑血管含神经肽Y,含降钙素基因相关肽,含P物质神经的年龄…

本文应用免疫组织化学（ＡＢＣ）方法，观察了含神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ）、含降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）、含Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）神经在大鼠完整脑底动脉环分的年龄变化，结果表明在２周、２月、８月龄大鼠脑底动脉上含ＮＰＹ神经的密度依次降低；含ＣＧＲＰ和含ＳＰ神经的密度依次升高。至１８月龄，含ＮＰＹ神经的密度和８月龄时的接近，而含ＳＰ和含ＣＧＲＰ神经的密度比８月龄时明显降低。大鼠脑血管含肽神经支配的这种增龄变化表现出有     

自发性高血压大鼠脑底动脉含神经肽Y、含降钙素基因相关肽、含P物质神经的变化

用免疫组织化学（ＡＢＣ）方法，观察了含ＮＰＹ、含ＣＧＲＰ和含ＳＰ神经在自发性高血压大鼠脑底动脉的变化．结果表明，和对照用的京都Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠相比，含ＮＰＹ神经在脑底动脉环吻侧的密度略低，而尾侧略高；自发性高血压大鼠大脑前动脉和大脑后动脉含ＮＰＹ神经纵行纤维密度比对照大鼠低，而环行纤维密度比对照大鼠高．自发性高血压大鼠脑底动脉含ＳＰ和含ＣＧＲＰ神经的密度均比对照大鼠低．本文对上述变化的意义进行了讨论．关键词     

大鼠习瓣膜含神经肽Y血管性肠肽P物质和降钙素基因相关肽神经的分布及年龄变化

用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法结合葡萄糖氧化酶－ＤＡＢ－硫酸镍铵增强技术，研究了１月、８月和１８月龄大鼠心瓣膜中ＮＰＹ、ＶＩＰ、ＣＧＲＰ和ＳＰ免疫反应阳性神经纤维的分布。结果显示，以上４种含肽神经纤维在８月龄大鼠房室瓣上均有分布，密度顺序为ＮＰＹ＞ＣＧＲＰ＞ＶＩＰ和ＳＰ，含ＶＩＰ和ＳＰ神经纤维的密度相近。三尖瓣中含ＮＰＹ和ＳＰ神经纤维的密度大于二尖瓣，含ＶＩＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经纤维的密度与二尖瓣的相近。瓣膜中的含肽神经纤维可从瓣膜附着处的心壁及乳头肌内的神经两个方向延伸而来。主动脉和肺动脉瓣内仅发现有ＮＰＹ神经。随大鼠年龄增长，房室瓣中含ＮＰＹ神经的密度有增加趋势。含ＣＧＲＰ、ＶＩＰ、ＳＰ神经在１月龄大鼠房室瓣上的密度为零，在８月和１８月储时的密度与１月龄时的差异非常显著，８月和１８月龄时的密度间无明显差异。１月龄和１８月龄大鼠的主动脉和肺动脉瓣上，未见到４种含肽神经。我们的结果为心瓣膜的神经支配提供了新的资料，但这些含肽神经在心瓣膜的作用尚待探讨。     

大鼠脑底动脉环含NPY、VIP、SP、CGRP神经的来源

本文应用免疫组织化学结合颈上神经节切除术探讨了支配大鼠脑底动脉的含ＮＰＹ、ＶＩＰ、ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ神经的来源，并用交点计数法进行定量分析。结果表明去左侧颈上节后，含ＮＰＹ神经Ⅲ类纤维（环行纤维）在同侧筛内动脉，大脑前动脉的中段、尾侧段，颈内动脉，大脑后动脉吻侧段，后交通支上的密度降低约５０％；Ⅰ类纤维（纵行纤维）仅在同侧后交通支上的密度有降低，而Ⅱ类纤维（斜行纤维）在各段血管上的密度基本上不变，提示脑底动脉环仅部分血管上的含ＮＰＹ神经部分来自同侧颈上节。去一侧颈上节后，脑底动脉上含ＶＩＰ、ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ神经元无明显改变，说明支配大鼠脑底动脉的含ＶＩＰ、ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ神经既不在颈上节起源，它们的纤维也不经过此神经节。     

自发性高血压大鼠脑底动脉含神经肽Y,含降钙素基因相关肽,含P…

用免疫组织化学方法，观察了含ＮＰＹ，含ＣＧＲＰ和含ＳＰ神经在自发性高血压大鼠脑底动脉的变化，结果表明，和对照用的京都Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠相比，含ＮＰＹ神经在脑底动脉环吻侧的密度略低，而尾侧略高，自发性高血压大鼠大脑前动脉和大脑后动脉含ＮＰＹ神经纵行纤维密度比对照大鼠低，而环行纤维密度比对照大鼠高。     

大鼠心瓣膜含神经肽Y血管活性肠肽P物质和降钙素基因相关…

用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法结合葡萄糖氧化酶－ＤＡＢ－硫酸镍铵增强技术，研究了１月、８月和１８月龄大鼠心瓣膜中ＮＰＹ、ＶＩＰ、ＣＧＲＰ和ＳＰ免疫反应阳性神经纤维的分布。结果显示，以上４种含肽神经纤维在８月龄大鼠房室瓣上均有分布，密度顺序为ＮＰＹ〉ＣＧＲＰ〉ＶＩＰ和ＳＰ，含ＶＩＰ和ＳＰ神经纤维的密度相近。三尖瓣中含ＮＰＹ和ＳＰ神经纤维的密度大于二尖瓣，含ＶＩＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经纤维的密度与二尖瓣的相近。瓣膜中     

自发性高血压大鼠心瓣膜上含神经肽Y和含降钙素基因相关肽神经的变化

用免疫组织化学（ＡＢＣ）方法，观察了含神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ）、降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＤ）神经在自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）心瓣膜分布的变化。结果表明，在ＳＨＲ二尖瓣、三尖瓣上含ＮＰＹ、含ＣＧＲＰ神经的密度，和对照Ｗｉｓｔａｒ－Ｋｙｏｔｏ（ＷＫＹ）大鼠相比较，无明显差异。但ＳＨＲ二尖瓣及三尖瓣含ＮＰＹ神经的Ｒ值，即心壁和乳头肌两个来源的含肽神经相延续所在的腱索数目与本片瓣膜上的总腱索数的比值，大于ＷＫＹ大鼠；而ＳＨＲ心瓣膜含ＣＧＲＰ神经的Ｒ值和ＷＫＹ大鼠无差异。本文对ＳＨＲ心瓣膜上含ＮＰＹ和含ＣＧＲＰ神经的变化作了讨论。     

大鼠脑底劝脉环含NPY,VIP,SP,CGRP神经的来源

本文应用免疫组织化学结合颈上神经节切除术探讨了支配大鼠脑底动脉的含ＮＰＹ、ＶＩＰ、ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ神经的来源，并用交点计数法进行定量分析。结果表明去左侧颈上节后，含ＮＰＹ神经Ⅲ类纤维（环行纤维）在同侧内动脉，大脑前动脉的中段、尾侧段、颈内动脉，大脑后吻侧段，后交通支上的密度降低约５０％；Ｉ类纤维（纵行纤维）仅在同侧后交通支上的密度有降低，而Ⅱ类纤维（斜行纤维）在各段血管上的密度基本上不变，提示脑底动     

豚鼠回肠Peyer＇s集结含神经肽Y、P物质和降钙素基因相关肽神经的分布

用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法结合ＧＤＮ显色技术，在光镜水平观察了含ＮＰＹ、ＳＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经纤维在豚鼠回肠Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结的定位与分布。结果显示，邻近Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结的粘膜下层内有以上３种肽能神经纤维和神经元胞体分布，Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结不同区域含ＮＰＹ、ＳＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经纤维的定位有明显差异。在上皮下圆顶区，３种肽能神经分支均形成纤细的神经网，并向滤泡相关上皮方向延伸；滤泡间区含ＮＰＹ神经多循微血管壁走行、仅少数分支定位于免疫细胞之间，而含ＳＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经以非血管性纤维为主、常分布于此区的免疫活性细胞间；滤泡区内仅见少量含ＮＰＹ和ＳＰ神经终末分布、未发现含ＣＧＲＰ神经分支。总体上，Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结内含ＮＰＹ和ＳＰ神经纤维数较ＣＧＲＰ免疫反应纤维为多。Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结含ＮＰＹ、ＳＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经支配的发现，为研究神经肽调节消化道粘膜免疫功能提供了形态学依据。本文对Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结内这些肽能神经的起源、性质及其在胃肠粘膜局部免疫反应中可能的调节机制进行了讨论。     

抗原刺激对豚鼠肠系膜淋巴结肽能神经影响的形态计量学研究

采用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ－ＧＤＮ显色技术结合体视学方法，在光镜下观察了绵羊红细胞免疫反应高峰期豚鼠肠系膜淋巴结内含ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ和ＮＰＹ神经纤维的长度密度变化。结果表明，在免疫反应高峰期，淋巴结髓质内含ＳＰ神经纤维的长度蜜度（１６７．４±１２．８ｍｍ／ｍｍ３）较对照组（１２０．１±１０．０ｍｍ／ｍｍ３）明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）；含ＮＰＹ神经纤维的长度密度（６５．４±１１．０ｍｍ／ｍｍ３）较对照组（１０８．９±９．４ｍｍ／ｍｍ３）显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）；含ＣＧＲＰ神经纤维的长度密度（１６４．６±１１．６ｍｍ／ｍｍ３）与对照组（１３７．６±１０．９ｍｍ／ｍｍ３）相差不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。淋巴结皮质内上述３种肽能神经纤维的长度密度在免疫反应高峰期均无明显变化（Ｐ均大于０．０５），这提示抗原刺激可能影响免疫器官内肽能神经的活动。     

成年大鼠脑底动脉环含NPY、VIP、SP和CGRP神经的分布

本文应用免疫组织化学(ABC)方法,观察了含NPY、VIP、SP、CGRP神经在成年大鼠完整脑底动脉环的分布,并在免疫组化染色标本上,将神经依其走行分为三种类型,采用交点计数法,分别计数各类纤维的密度,定量分析动脉环各段血管上的四种含肽神经。结果表明,1.在成年大鼠脑底动脉环上,四种含肽神经的密度大小次序是含NPY、VIP、CGRP、SP神经;四种含肽神经在动脉环吻侧的密度大于尾侧。2.在Ⅰ、Ⅱ类纤维,四种含肽神经的密度差异在动脉环多数血管段上不明显;在Ⅲ类纤维,含NPY和VIP、含CGRP和SP神经的密度接近,含NPY和VIP神经的密度明显大于含CGRP和SP神经。3.在多数血管段上,含NPY和含VIP神经的Ⅰ类纤维的密度和Ⅱ类纤维接近,Ⅲ类纤维的密度在动脉环吻侧大于Ⅰ、Ⅱ类纤维,向尾侧逐渐和它们接近。各段血管上,含SP和CGRP神经的Ⅲ类纤维的密度较Ⅰ、Ⅱ类纤维小,Ⅰ类纤维和Ⅱ类纤维的密度接近。4.含NPY、VIP神经Ⅰ、Ⅱ类纤维在动脉环吻侧的密度和尾侧接近,Ⅲ类纤维的密度从吻侧到尾侧逐渐降低。含SP和CGRP神经三种类型纤维在吻侧的密度均高于尾侧。5.在大脑中动脉延伸过程中,含NPY和含VIP神经的密度下降,尤以Ⅲ类纤维密度降低明显。含SP和CGRP神经仅少量分布于MCA近侧段。     

Distribution of capsaicin-sensitive substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive nerves in bovine respiratory tract

The distribution of nerve fibers immunoreactive for substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was examined by means of immunohistochemical methods in the respiratory tract from nose to lung of normal and capsaicin-treated cattle. SP- and CGRP-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers with varicosities were detected in all portions. They were more numerous in calves than in cows. They were abundant in the nasal and laryngeal mucosae and tracheal bronchus, and few in number in the lung. SP- and CGRP-IR nerve fibers were mainly seen in the epithelium, in connective tissue beneath the epithelium and around blood vessels, and in the glands throughout the respiratory tract. In contrast, SP- and CGRP-IR nerve fibers were sparse in the smooth muscle layer. Capsaicin treatment of neonates caused a remarkable reduction in the number of SP- and CGRP-IR nerve fibers in the respiratory tract of calves. Double immunofluorescence experiments showed the colocalization of SP and CGRP in most of the nerve fibers. The present findings suggest that SP- and CGRP-IR nerve fibers are involved in the regulation of the bovine respiratory tract, and that capsaicin-sensitive SP- and CGRP-IR nerve fibers are sensory neurons of the bovine respiratory tract.     

自发性高血压鼠脑底动脉血管活性肠多肽能神经纤维的分布

目的 探讨肽能神经对高血压鼠脑血管的神经源性调节的形态学基础。方法 应用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法和图介分析技术，观察了１０只自发性高血压鼠（ＳＨＲ）和１０只正常血压鼠脑底动脉血管活性肠多肽能神经纤维的分布。结果 在自发性高血压鼠脑的大脑前动脉、中动脉、后动脉和基底动脉及其分支均可见棕褐色的免疫反应性纤维，纤维似细曲线状，多呈网状分布，与正常血压鼠同一部位脑底动脉血管壁上的免疫反应性纤维密度比较，自发性高血压鼠大脑前动脉、中动脉和后动脉的免疫反应性纤维明显减少。结论 高血压鼠脑底动脉血管活性肠多肽能神经纤维密度的减少，提示在ＳＨＲ脑血流的自动调节作用中，由于非交感性血客扩张神经减少，导致神经源性血管扩张作用减弱，交感神经活性相对增加，表明血管活性肠多肽神经在高血压鼠脑血管的神经源性调节中起着重要的作用。     

Innervation pattern of polycystic ovaries in the women

The aim of the present study was to determine the changes in both the distribution pattern and density of nerve fibers containing dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), somatostatin (SOM), galanin (GAL) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in the human polycystic ovaries. In the polycystic ovaries, when compared to the immunoreactions pattern observed in the control gonads, following changes were revealed: (1) an increase in the number of DβH-, VAChT-, VIP- or GAL-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers within the stroma as well as in the number of DβH-IR fibers near primordial follicles and medullar veins and venules; (2) a reduction in the number of nerve fibers containing nNOS, CGRP, SOM, PACAP within the stroma and in the numbers of CGRP-IR fibers around arteries; (3) an appearance of SP- and GAL-IR fibers around medullar and cortical arteries, arterioles, veins and venules, with except of GAL-IR fibers supplying medullar veins; and (4) the lack of nNOS-IR nerve fibers near primordial follicles and VIP-IR nerves around medullar arteries and arterioles. In conclusion, our results suggest that the changes in the innervation pattern of the polycystic ovaries in human may play an important role in the pathogenesis and/or course of this disorder.     

Coexistence and plasticity of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the rat iris.

The presence, distribution and origin of substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and CGRP-immunoreactive axons in rat iris were investigated in whole mount preparations, with special respect to the localization of the "classical" adrenergic and cholinergic ground plexuses. SP-IR fibres are distributed parallel to the pupillary margin in the sphincter muscle, and in an irregular plexus in the dilator muscle. The distribution of CGRP-IR fibres was similar to this. Both SP- and CGRP-IR elements originated from the Gasserian ganglion. Following electrocoagulation of the ophthalmic nerve, both SP- and CGRP-IR nerves completely disappeared, while in the caudal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve a substantial decrease of the immunoreactivity was found. NPY-IR fibres have also been demonstrated in the anterior uvea, displaying a pattern similar to that of the adrenergic nerves. In the sympathectomized iris, there was a marked decreased in the density of NPY-IR fibres indicating that NPY most likely coexists with the classical sympathetic neurotransmitter, noradrenalin in the sympathetic nerve supply deriving from the superior cervical ganglion. 1 month after sympathectomy, there was an increase in the density (and possibly also in the number) of both SP- and CGRP-IR fibres in the denervated iris. Subsequent immuno-electron microscopic analysis has demonstrated that both SP- and CGRP-IR fibres are unmyelinated axons, embedded in a common Schwann cell cytoplasm together with a number of axons devoid of immunoreactivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Distribution and origin of extrinsic nerve fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and galanin in the rat upper rectum.

The distributions of nerve fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP) and galanin (GAL) were examined in the rat rectum of mutants rats, aganglionic rats (AGRs), which completely lack the intramural nerve cells in the large intestine, and of their normal littermates. The origin of extrinsic peptide-containing nerve fibers was examined using retrograde tracing combined with immunohistochemistry in normal rats. In the rectum of normal rats, CGRP-, SP- and GAL-immunoreactive varicose fibers were observed throughout all layers of the rectal wall, and immunoreactive nerve cells were present in the enteric ganglia of colchicine-treated rats. In the aganglionic rectum of AGR, a rich supply of CGRP-immunoreactive fibers was observed in the mucosa, around the blood vessels, and in the submucous and intermuscular spaces. SP- and GAL-immunoreactive fibers in the aganglionic rectum showed a similar distribution to CGRP-immunoreactive fibers but were less dense. These results suggest that most of CGRP-positive fibers in the rectum are extrinsic whereas a large part of SP- or GAL-positive fibers are intrinsic. Fluoro-gold injected into the upper rectum of normal rat labelled nerve cells (less than 10% of total ganglion cells) in the lumbar (L1 and L2) and lumbosacral (L6 and S1) dorsal root ganglia. More than half of nerve cells in the dorsal root ganglia (L6 and S1) projecting to the rectum were immunoreactive for CGRP, and less than 10% were immunoreactive for SP or GAL. Comparison of serial sections of the dorsal root ganglion revealed that about half of the CGRP-immunoreactive cells were also positive for SP or GAL. These results indicate that SP- or GAL-positive neurons projecting to the rectum are scarce in the dorsal root ganglia. The present investigation suggests that CGRP-containing nerves are visceral afferents forming a major component of the sensory innervation of the rat rectum, and SP- and GAL-containing nerves which share their extrinsic origins appear to form a lesser proportion of the sensory innervation.     

Postnatal development of neuropeptide Y- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive nerves in the rat urinary bladder

The postnatal development of neuropeptide Y- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive (NPY-IR and CGRP-IR) nerve fibers in the rat urinary bladder was investigated using whole-mount preparations and cryostat sections. In newborn and 3-day-old rats, many NPY-IR nerve fibers were observed in the subserous and muscle layers. Many NPY-IR nerve cell bodies clustered at branching points of the subserous nerve bundles. Within 4 weeks after birth, these cell bodies drastically decreased in number and spread along the bundles, although the number of NPY-IR nerve fibers increased moderately. In contrast, CGRP-IR nerve fibers in newborn and 3-day-old rats were less developed, and no CGRP-IR nerve cell body was observed in any rat. However, CGRP-IR nerve fiber distribution in the urinary tissues conspicuously increased within 4 weeks after birth. Especially, an increase of the infraepithelial fibers showing a meshwork appearance was prominent in the fundus and corpus of the bladder. The infra- and intraepithelial CGRP-IR nerve meshwork of the ventral wall was more dense than that of the trigone. At 4 weeks, NPY-IR and CGRP-IR nerves were similar to those of the adult rat (8–12 weeks old). The present study suggests a correlation between the development of the peripheral nervous system in the urinary bladder and maturation of micturition behavior in the rat.