乳腺导管内增生性病变中ER、Ki-67和cyclin D1的表达

目的 探讨ER、Ki-67和cyclin D1在乳腺导管内增生性病变中的表达及意义。方法 采用免疫组化和免疫荧光双标记法对56例乳腺导管内增生性病变进行ER、 Ki-67和cyclin D1染色标记。结果 正常乳腺组织中仅有散在的少数上皮细胞呈ER阳性表达。在普通型导管增生（usual ductal hyperplasia，UDH）中ER表达比正常乳腺组织增加，但ER阳性细胞呈不连续分布，阳性细胞间有较多的阴性细胞。非典型性导管增生（atypical ductal hyperplasia，ADH）和低级别原位导管癌（ductal carcinoma in situ，DCIS）中ER表达比UDH明显增加（P〈0．05），ER阳性细胞呈连续的片状分布，阳性细胞间较少或没有ER阴性细胞。ADH和低级别DCIS中ER表达较高级DCIS显著（P〈0．01）。DCIS中Ki-67和cyclin D1表达高于UDH（P〈0．05），并与UDH、ADH和DCIS的组织学分组呈正相关（r=0．352，P〈0．05和r=0．390，P〈0．05）。正常乳腺组织中上皮细胞内无ER和Ki-67同时表达。在UDH中有极少数上皮细胞ER和Ki-67同时表达，而在ADH和DCIS中ER和 Ki-67同时表达的细胞明显增加。结论 从正常乳腺组织到UDH、ADH、低级DCIS的恶性转化过程中伴有ER表达的逐渐增高。ER过度表达及ER和Ki-67在上皮细胞内同时表达可能是某些乳腺癌发生过程中的早期事件。     

食管基底层型高级别异型增生临床病理学特征分析

目的探讨食管基底层型高级别异型增生的临床病理学特征。方法收集2009—2019年间解放军联勤保障部队第九八九医院平顶山医疗区(原第一五二中心医院)34例和首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院18例食管基底层型高级别异型增生的病例,共计52例,收集患者的临床病理资料,观察组织形态学特征和免疫表型,并结合文献进行探讨。结果患者中位年龄64岁(范围43~72岁),男性35例,女性17例,男女比为2.1∶1.0。食管上段8例,中段41例,下段3例。按巴黎分型0-Ⅱb型24例,0-Ⅱc型28例。内镜下病变色泽发红,边缘不整齐。窄带成像病变呈褐色或茶褐色,放大观察黏膜表面微血管异常,有边界形成。碘染色病变不着色或淡染,边界不规则。组织学上,鳞状上皮基底侧上皮细胞密度增加,细胞核大、深染,排列紊乱或极性丧失,肿瘤向下生长形成浸润性鳞状细胞癌的比例高。免疫组织化学染色,肿瘤p53突变率为48.6%(18/37)。Ki-67阳性指数中位数为60%(范围20%~90%);基底层细胞Ki-67阳性细胞数中位数为26个/HPF(范围5~70个/HPF)。Ki-67异常分布模式37例(100.0%)。原病理诊断为低级别异型增生8例,不典型性上皮细胞2例,高级别异型增生42例。结论食管基底层型高级别异型增生形态特殊,肿瘤主要局限于鳞状上皮层的下半部分,具有重度细胞学异型性,侵袭性强,疾病早期易发展成浸润性鳞状细胞癌。病理上误诊为低级别病变的比例高。p53突变和Ki-67异常分布模式有助于此类高级别异型增生的诊断。     

早期胃癌内镜分型与病理学特征及P504s、p53、Ki-67蛋白表达的相关性

目的 探讨早期胃癌（GC）患者内镜分型与GC分化程度、浸润深度、P504s、肿瘤蛋白p53、Ki-67的相关性。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年6月本院收治的100例早期GC患者的临床资料,分析早期GC内镜分型与病变部位、分化程度、浸润深度及P504s、p53、Ki-67蛋白表达的相关性。结果 早期GC患者中胃窦部位病变率最高（55%）,胃角病变率次之（20%）,胃体、胃窦、贲门、胃角等病变部位多以Ⅲ型、Ⅱc型为主。早期GC患者中分化者的占比68%高于未分化者的32%(P<0.05),且未分化者以Ⅱb型为主,分化者以Ⅲ型为主。早期GC患者中浸润黏膜层者占56%,浸润黏膜下层者占44%,且浸润黏膜层者以Ⅱc型为主,浸润黏膜下层者以Ⅲ型为主。早期GC患者中P504s、p53、Ki-67阳性占比分别为80%、78%、95%,且均以Ⅲ型为主。经Spearman相关性分析显示,内镜分型与P504s、p53、Ki-67蛋白表达均呈正相关（r=0.310、0.308、0.349;P=0.034、0.042、0.028）。结论 早期GC患者内镜分型与分化程度、浸润深度及P504s、p53...     

子宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中LC3B的表达及其与Ki-67表达的相关性

目的：探讨自噬标志物LC3B蛋白在子宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及其与细胞增殖蛋白Ki-67表达的相关性。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测16例正常子宫颈和126例子宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中LC3B及Ki-67的表达。结果 LC3B蛋白在子宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达低于正常子宫颈上皮,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05);LC3B与 Ki-67表达呈负相关(rs =-0．248,P<0．05)。结论子宫颈鳞状细胞癌中LC3B的表达降低,自噬活性减弱可能促进早期子宫颈鳞状细胞癌细胞的增殖,该发现为进一步探究自噬在子宫颈癌发生、发展中的作用提供临床参考依据。     

口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞周期蛋白E表达与中心体扩增相关性

目的了解口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞周期蛋白E（cyclin E）表达与中心体扩增相关性,探讨其中心体扩增的可能分子机制。方法正常口腔黏膜组织12例,不同分化程度的口腔鳞状细胞癌46例石蜡包埋组织,采用间接免疫荧光双重染色（γ-微管蛋白单克隆抗体及细胞角蛋白多克隆抗体）观察口腔鳞状细胞癌中心体扩增状况;采用免疫组织化学（SABC法）检测相应组织cyclin E蛋白表达情况,分析cyclin E蛋白表达与中心体扩增之间的相关性。结果中心体扩增可见于80．4％（37／46）口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中,而cyclin E蛋白过表达可在65．2％（30／46）的口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中见到;中心体扩增发生率在cyclin E阳性组为90．0％（27／30）,而在cyclin E蛋白阴性组为10／16,两组间差异有统计学意义（x^2=5．014,P〈0．05）;Spearman相关分析显示中心体扩增与cyclin E蛋白阳性表达间存在相关关系（r=0．330,P〈0．05）;绝对危险度分析OR值为5．400（1．130,25．809）。结论肿瘤细胞中心体循环调控可能是一个多因素参与的复杂过程,cyclin E蛋白表达的高调作为危险因素之一可能在口腔鳞状细胞癌中心体扩增中起一定作用。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变中p16INK4A和Ki-67的表达

摘要：目的探讨p16^INK4A、Ki-67和HPV抗原表达及高危型HPV（HR—HPV）检测在宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）病理诊断中的意义。方法选取宫颈活检病理确诊为CIN的组织蜡块101例，重新切片，应用免疫组化两步法检测p16^INK4A、Ki-67和HPV抗原表达，并取正常宫颈组织50例进行对比研究。同时，应用第二代杂交捕获法对其中25例CIN组织样品进行HR—HPV检测。结果p16^INK4A蛋白表达水平在CINI、CINⅡ、CINⅢ级之间差异有非常显著性（P〈0．001），其表达水平随着CIN级别的增高而增加，呈现良好的线性相关性（P〈0．001）；Ki-67蛋白表达阳性细胞多少与CIN分级之间无显著相关性（P〉0．05），但其在宫颈鳞状上皮中的位置分布与CIN级别之间却有显著相关性（P〈0．05）；HPV抗原免疫组化染色阳性反应仅呈现于CIN鳞状上皮表层挖空细胞内，其阳性率在不同级别CIN之间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；HR—HPV在CINI、CINⅡ和CINⅢ级的检出率分别为81．8％、80．0％和100．0％，但其检出率在不同级别CIN之间差异也无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论p16^INK4A和Ki-67染色对CIN的病理诊断和分级具有一定诊断价值，对于CINI级形态结构不典型的病例，HR—HPV的检测结果对病理诊断有辅助意义。     

6例分化型外阴上皮内瘤变临床病理观察

目的：探讨分化型外阴上皮内瘤变( differentiated-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, dVIN)的临床病理学特征、鉴别诊断、治疗及预后。方法回顾性分析6例dVIN的临床特点、病理形态学和免疫表型特征,并复习相关文献。结果患者均为女性,年龄53~80岁,平均62岁,临床特点大多表现为外阴白斑、激惹、瘙痒、疼痛、溃疡、触血。病理组织学特征表现：基底与副基底层显著增生,上皮角下延、吻合,细胞显著异型,核仁明显,核分裂活跃,伴异常角化;中、表层细胞高度分化,细胞间桥显著,伴明显的胞质嗜酸性改变,表层角化过度与角化不全;邻近上皮真皮水肿与胶原化,带状淋巴细胞浸润,表皮增生与角化过度。免疫表型：p53在dVIN中的阳性率为83．3%(5/6),p16不表达(0/6),dVIN基底层和副基底层细胞Ki-67增殖指数>90%。4例随访时间为6~36个月,平均17个月,其中1例术后9个月死亡,1例术后6个月复发,复发和死亡的2例同时或异时伴浸润性鳞状细胞癌,其余2例术后分别随访18个月和36个月,均无复发。结论 dVIN是一种少见的高级别外阴上皮内病变,具有高的、潜在进展危险性,p53、p16及Ki-67联合使用有助于dVIN的诊断。     

SEL1L基因在食管癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨SEL1L（human Sel-1-like）mRNA及其蛋白在食管癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学SP法检测90例手术切除的食管鳞状细胞癌、35例距癌灶边缘5am以上切缘的正常黏膜、60例癌旁黏膜及20例内窥镜活检的食管鳞状上皮不典型增生组织中SEL1L蛋白的表达;运用原位分子杂交技术检测上述癌组织、正常黏膜、癌旁黏膜中SEL1L mRNA的表达。结果（1）SEL1L mRNA在食管鳞状细胞癌的表达率为80．0％（72／90）,较正常黏膜的14．3％（5／35）和癌旁黏膜的16．7％（10／60）高（P〈0．01）;SEL1L mRNA在有淋巴结转移组的表达阳性率为92．7％（38／41）比无淋巴结转移组69．4％（34／49）高（P〈0．01）。（2）SEL1L蛋白在鳞状细胞癌的表达阳性率为87．8％（79／90）,在鳞状上皮不典型增生中的表达阳性率为90．0％（18／20）。分别较正常黏膜的14．3％（5／35）和癌旁黏膜的13．3％（8／60）高（P〈0．01）。SEL1L蛋白表达与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤位置、大小、分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及临床分期均无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。（3）食管鳞状细胞癌组织中SEL1L mRNA和SEL1L蛋白的表达呈明显正相关（r=0．492,P〈0．01）。结论（1）SEL1L蛋白表达的调控主要在转录水平,SEL1L蛋白表达水平的升高主要是相应转录水平上调的结果。（2）SEL1L蛋白过表达可能是食管鳞状细胞癌发生的早期表现,SEL1L蛋白的检测可作为识别食管癌高风险患者的生物标记物。     

子宫颈原位癌的形态发生和生长特性

目的研究子宫颈原位癌的形态发生和生长特性,以便更深刻认识恶性肿瘤的发生、发展规律。方法62例子宫颈原位癌病例的存档蜡块做连续切片,光镜观察,疑有早期浸润的病例作PAS和银染色。随机选择30例,用免疫组化S-P法检测角蛋白10,14,19和Ki-67抗原的表达。结果62例中32例为单纯原位癌,平均年龄39．03岁,比伴有早期浸润的29例原位癌的平均年龄(49．83)低10岁。形态上,原位癌细胞主要有两种类型：基底细胞样和棘细胞样癌细胞。有10例出现角化型大细胞,3例见到角化珠。基底细胞样癌细胞很少发生浸润,而浸润的癌细胞巢反而可见到棘细胞分化和角化现象,出现细胞间桥和角化珠。癌细胞Ki-67指数明显高于正常和不典型增生子宫颈上皮。角蛋白10阳性细胞明显少于正常子宫颈上皮,角蛋白14和19明显多于正常子宫颈上皮,且空间位置明显上移。原位癌细胞可大片炎性坏死脱落,残存的癌细胞可增生修复,但并不突破基膜向下浸润或向表面不断增生形成肉眼能见到的肿块,而是仍然维持原位癌的状态。结论原位癌细胞增生活跃,分化异常,终末分化受抑,但在相当长时期内处于相对稳定的状态,即使当大片癌细胞脱落,增生修复时仍然维持原位癌的状态。这可能与有的原位癌病例,其癌细胞与相邻正常细胞间仍能维持正常的细胞间通讯以及神经生长因子及其受体对原位癌细胞增殖的调控有一定关系。原位癌细胞出现棘细胞样分化表型时其浸润能力增强,PI增高,这可能与原位癌细胞的来源有一定关系。     

PTK7在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的研究酪氨酸蛋白激酶-7（PTK7）在食管鳞状细胞癌、癌旁组织中的表达及其与食管鳞状细胞癌的发展、侵袭、淋巴结转移的关系,分析其在食管鳞癌中的诊断价值及预后变化。方法收集食管鳞状细胞癌标本80例及癌旁组织63例,采用免疫组织化学链霉菌抗生物素蛋白一过氧化物酶连结（SP）法检测PTK7蛋白的表达,结合临床相关因素进行x2检验及Kaplan—meier等统计学分析。结果80例患者食管鳞状细胞癌组织中有45例PTK7蛋白表达阳性（X2=50．17,P〈0．01）,食管癌旁非典型增生及正常鳞状上皮中PTK7蛋白表达均阴性。PTK7表达与食管鳞癌的年龄、性别、分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、浸润长度、临床分期等比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;与5年生存率比较差异亦无统计学意义（X2=0．2,P〉0．1）;当肿瘤组织PTK7蛋白表达综合免疫组化评分≥5分时,5年生存率有下降趋势（X2=3．35,P=0．06）。结论PTK7表达与食管鳞癌有关,当PTK7综合免疫评分≥5分时,5年生存率有下降趋势。利用检测PTK7的表达,有助于综合判断食管鳞癌的相关性和临床预后。     

Deoxyribonucleic acid content in the laryngeal mucosa with special reference to polyploid cell nuclei.

The DNA content was measured by microphotometry in morphologically normal squamous epithelium of the larynx, in hyperplastic epithelium of the vocal cords and in invasive squamous-cell carcinoma. The average nuclear DNA content in the squamous-cell carcinoma was elevated in comparison with that of normal epithelium, and the values showed a much wider dispersion. During premitotic DNA synthesis, the nuclear content of DNA is doubled. Polyploid cell nuclei with a nuclear DNA content of more than twice the model value (the stem cell of the tumour) are therefore a distinct sign of an abnormally elevated content of DNA. In morphologically normal epithelium no polyploid cell nuclei were revealed, while such nuclei were present in all cases of invasive squamous-cell carcinoma. Polyploid cell nuclei were found in six out of 20 patients with hyperplasia of the epithelium of the vocal cords. Among these six patients, manifest invasive carcinoma developed inthree, carcinoma in situ in one, while the condition remained benign in two, probably because the pathological tissue was completely removed. The presence of polyploid cell nuclei should thus arouse a strong suspicion of malignancy and calls for close supervision of the patient.     

Expression of extracellular matrix proteins in cervical squamous cell carcinoma--a clinicopathological study

AIM: To evaluate the intracellular and peritumoral expression of matrix proteins in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix using immunohistochemistry. METHODS: 71 squamous cell carcinomas and 10 controls were stained for laminin, fibronectin, and collagen IV. Cytoplasmic staining in tumour cells and peritumoral deposition of matrix proteins were evaluated. The association between staining results and patient age, tumour stage, histological grade, and survival was studied. RESULTS: Positive cytoplasmic staining for laminin, fibronectin, and collagen IV was observed in 17 (23.9%), 27 (38%), and 10 (14.1%) cases, respectively. Staining for laminin was most pronounced in the invasive front of tumour islands, while for fibronectin and collagen IV it appeared to be diffuse. Peritumoral staining for laminin and collagen IV was detected in 12 cases (16.9%). Early stage (Ia1-Ia2) tumours were uniformly negative for all three proteins. Cytoplasmic staining for laminin correlated with positive staining for fibronectin and collagen IV, and with the presence of a peritumoral deposition of collagen IV and laminin. There was no correlation with any of the three markers between staining results and patient age, stage, grade, or survival. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of extracellular matrix proteins in some cervical squamous cell carcinomas might reflect the enhanced ability of these tumours to modify the peritumoral stroma. This ability seems to be absent in early stage tumours. The correlation between intracytoplasmic and peritumoral expression of matrix proteins supports the evidence of their synthesis by tumour cells. However, this property did not correlate with disease outcome in this study.     

HINT1基因在喉鳞状细胞癌中的表达和意义

目的组氨酸三聚体核苷结合蛋白1(histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein1,HINT1)基因在喉鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达情况及其与患者临床病理特征的关系,探讨HINT1基因在喉鳞状细胞癌发病过程中的作用。方法通过实时定量PCR和免疫组织化学检测82例喉鳞状细胞癌组织和56例癌旁组织中HINT1mRNA和蛋白水平的表达,分析其蛋白表达与患者临床病理特征的关系。结果喉鳞状细胞癌组织HINT1mRNA水平显著低于癌旁组织(P<0.01),HINT1蛋白表达阳性率显著低于癌旁组织(P<0.05)。晚期喉鳞状细胞癌组织中HINT1蛋白表达显著低于早期喉鳞状细胞癌组织(P<0.05)。结论 HINT1在喉鳞状细胞癌中可能发挥抑癌基因的作用。     

Clinicopathologic study and classification of vocal cord cysts

Cysts of the true vocal cords are less common than other laryngeal cysts. They are usually easily recognized and managed. Patients present with complaints of hoarseness and/or dyspnea. We report our experience with 41 cases of cysts located in the true vocal cords. Clinical and histological aspects are reviewed and discussed. A new histological classification is proposed: A: cysts lined by columnar epithelium with mucous content; B: lined by columnar epithelium with cilia; C: lined b squamous epithelium without keratinization; D: lined by squamous epithelium with keratinization.     

Significance of mucin secretion in carcinoma of uterine cervix

Biopsies from 300 cases with clinical diagnosis of carcinoma cervix were subjected to H&E staining, PAS with diastase and alcian blue at pH 2.5. Interpretation of cases on basis of H&E staining alone and on basis of H&E and mucin stains was done and results compared with each other. Categorization into squamous cell carcinoma (well, moderately & poorly differentiated), adenocarcinoma and mixed carcinoma was done. Morphologic assessment of cases of H&E stain revealed 282 (94%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 8 (2.66%) cases of adeno carcinoma and 10 (3.38%) cases of mixed carcinoma respectively. While on the basis of H&E and mucin stains, squamous cell carcinoma case turned out to be 266 (88.66%) in number; mixed carcinomas which included adenosquamous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma with mucin secretion accounted for 26 (8.66%) of cases, number of adenocarcinoma was unchanged i.e. 8 (2.66%). 16 of 282 cases (5.6%) diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma on H&E stain alone were reclassified as mixed carcinoma on inclusion of mucin stains. Thus mucin stains are very helpful in deciding the types of carcinoma cervix and should be done in all cases of carcinoma cervix in order to avoid errors in diagnosis and to detect poorly differentiated mixed carcinomas, which may escape detection by H&E staining.     

An extensive morphological and comparative study of clinically early and obvious squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus appears mainly as an isolated tumor, frequently diagnosed in its latest stage. However, current advances in endoscopy, systematically used for high risk subjects, allow the detection of very early lesions such as epithelial dysplasia or in situ carcinoma. Twenty-eight squamous cell carcinomas were extensively studied: Group A contained 15 clinically "early cancers"; Group B 12 clinically obvious carcinomas and group C one clinically obvious bifocal carcinoma. All 15 "early cancers" were multicentric and composed of large fields of invasive, microinvasive or in situ carcinoma around which were found epithelial dysplasias of various degrees. Lymph node metastases at surgery were found in 26% of these cases. Obvious squamous cell carcinomas were contiguous with dysplastic areas in 16.6% and with in situ carcinomas in 33% of these cases. Half (50%) had lymph node metastases at surgery. There was no dysplasia or in situ carcinoma around the two main tumors of group C. A comparison between the different morphological features of the three groups leads us to question whether the solitary tumor of the esophagus really represents the final evolution of an early multifocal carcinoma.     

泛素特异性蛋白酶10在宫颈鳞状细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究泛素特异性蛋白酶10(ubiquitin-specific protease 10,USP10)蛋白在人体宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及临床意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学方法检测105例人体宫颈鳞状细胞癌及65例正常鳞状上皮组织石蜡切片中USP10蛋白的表达水平,并分析其表达与临床病理因素之间的相关性.结果:宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中USP10阳性表达率为41.9%,而宫颈正常鳞状上皮组织中USP10的阳性表达率为61.5%.与正常鳞状上皮组织相比,USP10蛋白在宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达明显下调,差异具有统计学意义.同时,USP10蛋白表达与宫颈鳞状细胞癌的FIGO临床分期及肿瘤浸润深度呈负相关,而与E-cadherin,P53蛋白表达呈正相关.结论:宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中USP10蛋白表达的下调与宫颈鳞状细胞癌的恶性程度及预后相关.     

Squamous metaplasia of the prostate. An immunohistochemical study

Immunoperoxidase strains for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAcP), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and cytokeratins (MAK 6 and CK-KES) were performed on 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate and on 13 cases of squamous metaplasia of prostatic epithelium in an effort to demonstrate prostatic origin of the neoplastic and metaplastic cells and to differentiate them from primary or metastatic well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The authors found no specific staining of the metaplastic or neoplastic cells for PSA and only focal single cell PAcP positivity in three cases of squamous metaplasia. All cases showed strong staining of surrounding normal glandular epithelium for both antigens. In all but one case, both the metaplastic and glandular epithelium had positive results for MAK 6 and CK-KES. EMA was expressed strongly in ten cases, was weak or variable in two, and had negative results in two cases of squamous metaplasia. In only four cases did the glandular epithelium have positive results for EMA. The remaining cases showed no staining. PSA and PAcP marking, therefore, may not be useful for separating atypical squamous metaplasia from well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma or even primary prostatic from metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. These findings suggest that although prostatic glandular epithelial cells retain their ability to express some prostate-associated antigens, this ability is greatly reduced, lost, or not developed in cells that undergo metaplasia into squamous cells or that develop into squamous cell carcinoma.     

The role of gastroesophageal reflux in malignization of post-burn and peptic esophageal strictures

The subjects of the study were 221 patients with cicatrical esophageal strictures. 62 (28.5%) patients had peptic strictures, and 159 (71.9%)--post-burn strictures. 67 (30.3%) patients underwent esophageal resection with one-stage intrapleural esophagoplasty with the stomach, 152 (68.8%) patients--gullet bougienage in combination with surgical intervention or as an only treatment. The study revealed 8 cases of squamous cell carcinoma in patients with post-burn strictures, and 3 cases of squamous cell carcinoma in patients with peptic strictures. In 2 cases the researchers found early stage of esophageal cancer (verrucose carcinoma)--in 1 patient with post-burn stricture and 1 patient with peptic stricture. The results suggest an important role of chronic gastroesophageal reflux in the oncogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients with post-burn and peptic strictures.