Intracranial hemangiopericytoma: Case study with cytogenetics and genome wide SNP-A analysis

The tumor entity of hemangiopericytoma is not universally recognized as a nosological entity by pathologists, and there is a trend toward reassigning it to other categories gradually. However, hemangiopericytomas occurring in the nervous system are included in the new WHO classification of brain tumors, and are distinguished from both meningioma and fibrous tumors. Since there are few genetic studies, we performed a comprehensive cytogenetic analysis of an infratentorial hemangiopericytoma in a 55-year-old female. It was originally classified as a grade II tumor but recurred as a grade III tumor with a proliferation index of 20%. Using trypsin-Giemsa staining (GTG-banding) and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH), we could confirm the loss of chromosomal material 10q, which has been previously described in hemangiopericytoma, and we identified de novo chromosomal aberrations on chromosome 8. Applying genome-wide high-density single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-A) analysis, we detected segments with loss or gain, as well as clonal deletions or regions suggestive of segmental uniparental disomy. These findings, together with the results of conventional histological and immunohistochemical characterization, provide additional evidence for the nosological separation of hemangiopericytoma in the central nervous system as a biologically different entity.     

明胶海绵粉末栓塞犬髂内动脉

背景：明胶海绵已成为骶骨肿瘤术前栓塞的首选材料,但针对小颗粒明胶海绵对栓塞效果及栓塞后并发症的影响未见明确报道。 目的：观察小颗粒明胶海绵栓塞犬双侧髂内动脉后手术出血量变化和并发症情况。 方法：用直径为50-150 μm明胶海绵粉末对15只犬行双侧髂内及骶正中动脉栓塞,分别于栓塞后1,2,3 d模拟骶骨肿瘤手术测量出血量变化;病理观察栓塞区膀胱、直肠、臀部肌及坐骨神经变化。 结果与结论：栓塞后第3天出血量高于第1,2天(P < 0.05),栓塞后第1天与第2天出血量差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。在运用直径为50-150 μm明胶海绵粉末栓塞犬双侧髂内及骶正中动脉时,最小动脉是50 μm的微动脉,但主要集中在100-200 μm小动脉,数字减影血管造影下显示栓塞双侧髂内及骶正中动脉近端血管级别为其一级分支,此时犬盆腔脏器组织无明显变化。     

Uterine artery embolization--a successful treatment to control bleeding cervical pregnancy with a simultaneous intrauterine gestation

A case of a woman suffering from a bleeding heterotopic cervical pregnancy is described. The concurrent cervical pregnancy and intrauterine gestation were diagnosed by ultrasound and bleeding was initially controlled with selective fluoroscopic uterine artery embolization. A selective fetal reduction was done with ultrasound-guided intracardiac potassium chloride. Uterine artery embolization has been used successfully to control haemorrhage in cervical pregnancies when the main goal was to allow preservation of the uterus, thus maintaining potential fertility. This is the first report of arterial embolization used to control bleeding for maintaining a concurrent intrauterine heterotopic pregnancy in an in-vitro fertilization patient. Unfortunately, subsequent conservative measures led to undesired outcome. This procedure initially controlled the bleeding without disrupting the intrauterine fetal cardiac activity.     

Ring formation of the internal iliac artery

We observed an arterial ring communicating the superior and inferior gluteal arteries in the left half of the pelvis of an 88-year-old male. Although many previous studies have shown variations in the internal iliac artery, there has been no literature describing the fenestration. Therapeutic embolization is commonly performed for intractable bleeding in pelvic region. Surgeons should be aware of the arterial ring formation because of possible danger in the intravascular treatments. In patients with similar arterial rings, embolization of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery could be insufficient when blood runs through the circle of the arterial ring.     

Cellular solitary fibrous tumor (hemangiopericytoma) with anaplasia at cerebellopontine angle--a case report

Cellular solitary fibrous tumor is currently considered a synonym for hemangiopericytoma, as it became increasingly clear that the morphological and immunohistochemical features that separate these two entities have become tenuous, and evidence for a unifying concept has emerged. Furthermore, as no evidence of pericytic differentiation is given in most cases of hemangiopericytoma, this diagnostic term is waning in popularity. We present here a case of cellular solitary fibrous tumor in a 22-year-old man. Neuroimaging revealed a right cerebellopontine angle tumor. Most of the tumor was cellular although some less cellular areas were seen. Sinusoidally dilated large vessels, including staghorn type, were seen. Nuclear pleomorphism and increased mitotic activity (5 mitosis/10 high power field) were regarded as evidence of anaplasia. Diffuse CD34 immunoreactivity and focal positivity for Factor XIIIa were seen in the tumor, which was negative for EMA and S100. The tumor also displayed rich reticulin network. Solitary fibrous tumor at cerebellopontine angle is rare, and 20 such cases (five reported as hemangiopericytoma) have been reported in the English literature.     

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the rib

We present a rare case of perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) in the right 6th rib of a 28-year-old man. A plain computed tomography scan showed a round osteolytic lesion in the right 6th rib. The resected tissue contained a globular-shaped, soft tumor. Histologically, the tumor was rich in vasculature and exclusively composed of perivascular epithelioid cells with clear cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, the tumor expressed diffusely a melanocyte marker, human melanoma black-45, and focally a myogenic marker, alpha-smooth muscle actin, but not an epithelial marker, AE1/AE3. Fontana-Masson-positive melanin pigments were present and c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase (CD117), involved in the development of melanocytes but not myogenic cells, was expressed in tumor cells. These findings indicate that the tumor is PEComa with some differentiation into melanocytes. Notably, owing to the unique location of the occurrence, the tumor occupied bone marrow tissues of the rib, resulting that the tumor has the potential for hematogenous metastasis. In spite of the lack of cells with severe atypia, necrosis, and numerous mitoses, tumor cells invaded into surrounding tissues and overexpressed cyclin D1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of PEComa arising from the rib with the signs of malignant potential.     

Intraventricular hemangiopericytoma

Hemangiopericytoma is a rare tumor of the central nervous system and has seldom been reported intraventricularly. A 55-year-old woman presented with gradual onset of left side weakness, gait ataxia, and tendency to miss objects in the left visual field of uncertain duration. Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast showed a tumor with homogenous enhancement in the right lateral ventricle. The patient underwent right temporoparietal stealth-assisted craniotomy and surgical removal of the tumor. Histopathologic examination with ancillary tests confirmed hemangiopericytoma. Awareness that hemangiopericytoma can occur as an intraventricular tumor is important for clinicians and pathologists. Because of radiologic similarity, this tumor is not to be confused with intraventricular meningioma because the prognosis is different.     

Partial remission with transarterial embolization in a case of metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma.

A case of metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma in which partial remission was achieved with transarterial embolization is presented as probably the first reported case in the literature to date. A 29-year-old woman was admitted because of adrenal cortical carcinoma which had not responded to mitotane. A left adrenalectomy with segmentectomy of the involved liver had been done previously. Abdominal computerized tomography demonstrated multiple large metastatic tumors in the liver. Transarterial embolization with Gelfoam and 20 mCi of 131I-labeled lipiodol was performed and resulted in a decrease in tumor size and biochemical parameters. Transarterial embolization can be one of the therapeutic modalities for metastatic adrenal cortical carcinomas.     

食管胃底曲张静脉栓塞加脾动脉栓塞法治疗急诊肝硬化上消化道大出血

目的探讨应用经皮经肝食管胃底曲张静脉栓塞(PTVE)联合经皮部分性脾动脉栓塞(PSE)治疗肝硬化门脉高压所致的急诊上消化道大出血的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析36例肝硬化门脉高压(不合并肿瘤者)所致的急诊上消化道大出血患者,均急诊行NBCA胶加弹簧圈栓塞食管胃底曲张静脉治疗,再于一周后行部分性脾动脉栓塞术,分析36例病例的近期疗效(6~18月)、并发症,评价该方法的有效性和安全性。结果36例病例均应用NBCA胶和弹簧圈栓塞食管胃底曲张静脉,术中术后未出现重大手术并发症,术后跟踪随访6~24月,有4例患者出现上消化道出血复发,其中1例患者复发出现在介入栓塞后的第二天,再次行栓塞治疗后好转,余3例患者复发的上消化道出血均不严重,经内科保守治疗后恢复。结论NBCA胶配合弹簧圈栓塞食管胃底曲张静脉治疗肝硬化门脉高压所致的上消化道出血是有效的安全性,加用部分性脾动脉栓塞术可降低门静脉压力,提高单纯性食管胃底曲张静脉栓塞的疗效。     

Spontaneous intratumoral hemorrhage into hepatocellular carcinoma during transcatheter arterial embolization: a case report

Spontaneous extrahepatic rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare but serious complication that occurs with an incidence of between 5 and 15% of patients with HCC. It is thought to be preceded by rapid expansion due to intratumoral bleeding. Extrahepatic rupture of HCC has been reported as a rare complication of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). Although there have been reports of extrahepatic rupture of HCC after TAE, but there is no report regarding intratumoral hemorrhage into HCC during TAE. We report a unique case of intratumoral hemorrhage into HCC during TAE presumably triggered by TAE. Although a rare complication, intratumoral hemorrhage into HCC after TAE should be considered in any patient with TAE due to HCC.     

Hemangiopericytoma of breast: report of a case with ultrastructural and immunohistochemical findings

Hemangiopericytoma is a distinctive, usually benign, vascular tumor. It has been described in multiple sites in the body but only rarely in the breast. The case of a patient with hemangiopericytoma of breast is reported, with ultrastructural and immunohistochemical findings.     

Renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the nasal cavity

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity is very rare. A 76-year-old man presented with epistaxis and admitted to our hospital. His past histories were right radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinomas at the age of 68 years and brain infarction at the age of 75 years. Laryngoscopic examination revealed a red polyp of the right nasal cavity. Imaging modalities including CT and MRI also revealed a tumor measuring 2 x 3 x 2 cm. Angiography showed that the tumor is very hypervascular. Clinical diagnosis was angiogenic tumors including hemangioma, sinonasal hemangiopericytoma, and paraganglioma. A blood data showed anemia and low platerets, and bone marrow biopsy revealed myelodysplastic syndrome. A coiling embolization of the feeding artery was performed, and the tumor reduced markedly. The tumor was resected almost entirely. Pathologically, the tumor was 2 x 1.5 x 1.5 cm red tumor. The tumor cells had clear cytoplasm, and arranged in a trabecular pattern lined by a layer of endothelial cells. Atypia is mild. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for pancytokeratin (AE1/3, CAM5.2), RCC ma, CD10, and Ki-67 (labeling=20%), but negative for CD34, factor-VIII-related antigen, CEA, EMA, melanosome (HMB45), S100 protein, p53, and HepPar-1. The pathological diagnosis was made without knowledge of kidney status. A pathological diagnosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma of clear cell type (grade 1) was made. The patient is now free from tumor, and palliative chemoradiation is considered.     

Flow cytometric DNA analysis of vascular soft tissue tumors, including African endemic-type Kaposi's sarcoma.

Vascular tumors of the soft tissue display a wide spectrum of histologic features and biologic behavior. Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on 40 vascular tumors, including nine African endemic-type Kaposi's sarcomas, nine angiosarcomas, seven hemangiopericytomas, six glomus tumors, and nine capillary hemangiomas. Six of the nine angiosarcoma cases (67%) and one of the seven hemangiopericytomas cases (14%) were aneuploid. All benign vascular tumors and Kaposi's sarcomas were diploid. Clinically, five of the six angiosarcoma patients with aneuploidy died within 2 to 28 months, while the remaining patient, who had the smallest tumor (2 x 1 cm), survived more than 4 years after the initial diagnosis was made. All three angiosarcoma patients with diploidy died within 10 to 14 months. One hemangiopericytoma patient with aneuploidy died within 1 month. No cases of benign tumor recurred. These results suggest that most vascular tumors, which generally follow a benign clinical course, were diploid and that the majority of those with a poor outcome were aneuploid. However, flow cytometrically assessed DNA ploidy has no prognostic value in angiosarcomas or hemangiopericytomas.     

胆道大出血的血管造影诊断及介入治疗

目的　评价血管造影诊断及介入治疗在胆道大出血中的价值 .方法　对 16例胆道大出血病人采用介入放射技术紧急行腹腔动脉和肝动脉造影 ,明确出血部位后 ,行肝动脉分支出血点栓塞术 .结果　 16例栓塞后出血均立即停止 ,2例再发出血 ,经再次栓塞后也成功止血 .随访 3月～ 2年均无再出血或并发症 .结论　选择性肝动脉造影和栓塞术对胆道大出血诊断准确 ,止血效果确切 ,简单易行 ,安全可靠 ,应作为首选方法     

超声引导下肾上盏径路经皮肾镜碎石术治疗鹿角形结石疗效及安全性分析

目的总结超声引导下肾上盏径路经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析193例应用超声引导肾上盏径路PCNL治疗鹿角形结石的患者资料。193例均为鹿角形复杂结石(完全鹿角形结石74例,不完全鹿角形结石119例,结石长径2.5~9.0 cm),均完成超声引导下对后组上盏穿刺,其中十二肋下径路70例(36.3%),十一肋间径路123例(63.7%)。统计并分析手术清石时间、清石率及术后并发症。结果一期手术时间平均70 min(45~150 min),采用单一肾上盏通道186例,需另外建立经皮肾通道7例。一期碎石清石率72.0%(139/193),二期清石率88.1%(170/193)。术后输血6例,需选择性肾动脉栓塞止血2例。胸腔积液4例,2例需闭式引流。术后发热20例,无感染性休克及不良预后发生。无肺脏及其他内脏损伤。结论后组肾上盏径路的PCNL视野范围广,输尿管镜活动度大,碎石速度快、清石率高,对于鹿角形结石是一种安全有效的方法,值得临床治疗鹿角形结石选择性使用。     

Vascular leiomyoblastoma of the stomach -- Observations supporting its origin from Zimmermann's pericyte.

Gastric leiomyoblastoma with small mesenteric metastasis in a 44-year-old man has been studied by light and electron microscopy. Histologically, the tumor, having "epithelioid" tumor cells mixed with spindle leiomyomatous cells, was rich in blood vessels and focally simulated hemangiopericytoma. Electron microscopy revealed the tumor cells in variable stages of differentiation from poorly differentiated polygonal cells to smooth muscular cells. The intermediate cells had numerous cytoplasmic processes which interlocked each other. In addition, an intimate association was noted between the tumor cell processes and the small vessels including capillaries. With the recent characterization of the pericyte as a pluripotent mesenchymal cell that may serve as a precursor to the vascular smooth muscle cell, the present observations support the view that some leiomyoblastomas originate from the pericyte of Zimmermann. Leiomyoblastoma may be placed between hemangiopericytoma and glomus tumor in the spectrum of pericytic tumors.     

影响PCNL术后出血栓塞治疗的主要因素分析

目的 探讨决定经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）后出血是否行栓塞治疗的因素。方法 回顾性分析我院2013年6月~2017年11月经皮肾镜术后出血患者共52例,根据术后止血方式分为保守治疗组40例和栓塞组12例。保守治疗组经保守治疗后出血停止,栓塞组选择肾动脉栓塞后止血成功。对两组患者的人口学资料、结石类型、手术相关因素及出血相关因素进行单变量分析,将栓塞治疗相关因素纳入多变量Logistic回归进一步分析。结果 两组患者的人口学资料、结石类型、手术相关因素、术前血红蛋白水平、出血天数、输血量比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。栓塞组Hb下降值大于保守治疗组[（44.08±11.86）g/L vs （19.05±12.72）g/L],输血比例高于保守治疗组（8/12 vs 6/40）,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多变量Logistic回归分析结果显示,Hb下降值为决定PCNL术后出血是否栓塞的重要因素（OR=1.142,95%CI 1.038~1.256,P=0.006）。结论 Hb下降值为决定PCNL术后出血患者栓塞治疗的重要因素,在决定是否行栓塞治疗时应充分考虑Hb下降的程度。     

保留胸肌切口在胸外科的应用

目的：探讨保留胸肌切口在胸外科手术中的应用结果。方法：对42例胸部疾病的患者施行剖胸手术时，采用保留背阔肌和前锯肌的胸部切口，于第5或第6肋间径路完成手术。结果：全组无手术死亡和严重并发症，其中2例病人因胸腔广泛粘连而改为标准后外侧切口，其余病人均能顺利完成手术。结论：保留胸肌切口行普胸外科手术可获得满意的手术效果，具有创伤小、出血少、术后并发症少等优点。