血清嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白在儿童慢性咳嗽诊断中的意义

目的 探讨血清嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白（ECP）在儿童慢性咳嗽尤其与哮喘相关的慢性咳嗽诊断中的临床意义。方法 测定117例5～16岁慢性咳嗽患儿的血清ECP和肺功能，其中哮喘发作组53例，哮喘缓解组30例，咳嗽变异型哮喘组22例，鼻后滴流综合征（PNDS）组12例；另设24例健康儿童为对照组。结果 血清ECP水平在哮喘发作组及咳嗽变异型哮喘组均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）；哮喘缓解组、PNDS组与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。各组最大呼气峰流速（PEF）预计值、一秒钟用力呼气容积（FEV3）预计值、用力肺活量（FVC）预计值哮喘发作组与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．01）；哮喘缓解组、PNDS组与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；咳嗽变异型哮喘组PEF与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），FEV3、FVC与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．01）。结论 ECP是导致气道炎症和组织损伤的重要介质，血清ECP水平可反映气道高反应性发展的早期阶段，在反映病情严重程度方面具有特异性及敏感性。ECP可作为慢性咳嗽鉴别诊断的一个参考指标．可用于筛选不典型哮喘。     

哮喘患儿诱导痰Clara细胞分泌蛋白与嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白检测的意义

目的探讨Clara细胞分泌蛋白（CCSP）与嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白（ECP）在儿童支气管哮喘发病机制中的作用,评价其反映哮喘呼吸道炎症的价值。方法本院哮喘专科患儿31例。男18例,女13例;年龄3.7-12.0岁,平均7.6岁;均按全球哮喘防治创议（GINA）方案系统吸入糖皮质激素治疗,在慢性持续期和临床缓解期分别留取诱导痰标本。用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定CCSP水平,以Pharmacia UniCAP系统检测ECP水平。结果哮喘慢性持续期患儿诱导痰CCSP质量浓度明显低于临床缓解期（P〈0.001）,而ECP水平明显高于临床缓解期（P〈0.001）,且二者之间呈负相关（r=-0.676P〈0.001）。结论CCSP在哮喘的发病过程中起抗炎作用,而ECP起促炎作用,同时监测诱导痰CCSP、ECP的变化,可较好地反映呼吸道炎症情况,评价疗效及预后。     

血清Clara 细胞分泌蛋白、总IgE与嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白在儿童哮喘检测中的临床意义

目的探讨血清Clara细胞分泌蛋白（CC16）、总IgE和嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白（ECP）检测在哮喘儿童中的意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定59例哮喘患儿急性发作期血清CC16水平,同时应用UniCAP100变态反应检测仪检测血清总IgE、ECP;另设30例健康儿童作为健康对照组。结果与健康对照组比较,哮喘组血清CC16水平显著降低、血清总IgE、ECP水平显著增高（t=2.93,2.72,4.52Pa〈0.01）;中重度哮喘发作患儿血清CC16水平显著低于轻度发作患儿（t=5.26P〈0.05）,中重度哮喘发作患儿血清总IgE显著高于轻度发作患儿（t=3.89P〈0.05）,血清ECP水平在哮喘轻度发作组与中重度发作组比较无统计学差异（t=1.57P〉0.05）;哮喘组血清CC16与总IgE呈显著负相关（r=-0.602P〈0.05）,血清CC16与ECP（r=0.153P〉0.05）及总IgE与ECP（r=0.290P〉0.05）无相关。结论血清CC16降低与总IgE、ECP水平增高在儿童哮喘发病过程中发挥重要作用;血清总IgE、CC16可反映哮喘发作严重程度;血清ECP水平高低并不能反映呼吸道炎症严重程度。     

哮喘患儿诱导痰液中嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白测定

目的　 探讨诱导痰液中嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白 (ECP)测定在儿童哮喘中的应用价值。 方法 　采用荧光酶标法测定 41例不同时期、不同程度的哮喘患儿和 11例正常儿童诱导痰液中ECP浓度 ,便携式肺功能仪测定肺通气功能。 结果 　哮喘缓解组、轻度 -间歇组、中 -重度组诱导痰液中ECP含量〔(分别为 ( 4 8 7± 36 2 )、( 89 5± 5 7 6 )、( 15 2 7± 6 7 0 7) μg/L〕与对照组 ( 16 4± 2 2 2 ) μg/L比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。不同程度哮喘患儿各组间诱导痰液中ECP含量有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。哮喘患儿诱导痰液中ECP含量与一秒钟用力呼气容积占预计值百分比 (FEV 1 0 % )呈显著负相关。 结论 　诱导痰液中ECP含量可反映气道炎症的变化 ,可用于儿童哮喘病情监测及指导药物治疗     

急性发作期哮喘患儿诱导痰中白细胞介素-5水平变化及其临床意义

目的　观察急性发作期哮喘患儿诱导痰中白细胞介素 5 (IL 5 )水平变化及其与哮喘发作期病情分度的关系 ,探讨其在哮喘发病机制中的作用和在临床诊治中的意义。方法　按随机分层设计 ,6 5例急性发作期哮喘患儿被分为轻、中、重度发作组 ,34例健康儿童作为对照组。采用超声雾化高渗盐水诱导痰液 ,以酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定诱导痰中IL 5水平 ,同时进行诱导痰中嗜酸细胞 (EOS)计数 ,测定用力呼气比值 (FEV1)。结果　哮喘急性发作期患儿诱导痰中EOS计数、IL 5水平均高于健康儿童组 ,FEV1则低于健康儿童组 ,差异均具有显著性(P <0 .0 1)。急性发作期哮喘患儿轻、中、重度各组间诱导痰中EOS逐渐增高 ,但差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;而IL 5水平随发作程度的加重而明显升高 ,轻、中、重度发作各组间两两比较差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;重度哮喘患儿FEV1低于轻、中度哮喘 (P <0 .0 5 )。痰液中IL 5水平与EOS计数之间呈显著正相关 (r =0 .4 82 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,与FEV1值之间呈显著负相关 (r =- 0 .6 4 7,P <0 .0 1)。结论　诱导痰中IL 5水平可能较EOS计数更能准确反映哮喘患儿气道炎症和哮喘发作时的病情程度 ,可以作为临床评价哮喘病情和药物疗效的准确灵敏的指标。     

诱导痰IL-5水平与儿童哮喘发作严重程度的关系

目的　 观察急性发作期哮喘患儿诱导痰中白细胞介素 5 (IL 5 )水平变化及其与哮喘发作期病情分度的关系 ,探讨其在哮喘发病机制中的作用和在临床诊治中的应用意义。 方法 　按随机分层设计 ,84例急性发作期哮喘患儿分为轻、中、重度发作组 ,3 0例健康儿童作为对照组。采用超声雾化高渗盐水诱导痰液 ,以酶联免疫法 (ELISA)测定诱导痰中IL 5水平 ,同时进行诱导痰中嗜酸细胞 (EOS)计数 ,测定肺通气功能指标FEV1 %。 结果 　哮喘急性发作期患儿诱导痰中EOS计数、IL 5水平均高于健康儿童组 ,FEV1 %则低于健康儿童组 ,均具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。急性发作期哮喘患儿轻、中、重度各组均明显升高 ,轻、中、重度发作各组间两两比较差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。且痰液中IL 5水平与嗜酸细胞 (EOS)计数之间呈显著正相关 (r =0 482 ,P <0 0 1) ,与FEV1 %值之间呈显著负相关 (r=-0 64 7,P <0 0 1)。 结论 　检测诱导痰中IL 5水平可能较EOS计数更能准确反映哮喘患儿气道炎症和哮喘发作时的病情程度 ,可作为临床评价哮喘病情和药物疗效的准确灵敏的指标。     

急性发作期哮喘患儿诱导痰中白细胞介素-5水平变化及其临床意义

目的：观察急性发作期哮喘患儿诱导痰中白细胞介素-5(IL -5)水平变化及其与哮喘发作期病情分度的关系，探讨其在哮喘发病机制中的作用和在临床诊治中的意义。方法：按随机分层设计，65例急性发作期哮喘患儿被分为 轻、中、重度发作组，34例健康儿童作为对照组。采用超声雾化高渗盐水诱导痰液，以酶联 免疫法(ELISA)测定诱导痰中IL5水平，同时进行诱导痰中嗜酸细胞(EOS)计数，测定用力 呼气比值(FEV-1)。结果：哮喘急性发作期患儿诱导痰中EOS计数、IL-5 水平均高于健康儿童组，FEV-1则低于健康儿童组，差异均具有显著性(P 0.05)；而IL-5水平随发作程度的加重而明显升高，轻、中、重度发作各组间两两比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05)；重度哮喘患儿FEV-1低于轻、中度哮喘(P<0.05) 。痰液中IL-5水平与EOS计数之间呈显著正相关(r=0.482，P<0.05)，与F EV-1值之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.647，P<0.01)。结论：诱导痰中IL-5水平可能较EOS计数更能准确反映哮喘患儿气道炎症和哮喘发作时的病情程度，可以作为临床评价哮喘病情和药物疗效的准确灵敏的指标。     

支气管哮喘患儿尿白三烯E4 的测定及其临床意义

目的　探讨支气管哮喘患儿尿白三烯E4(LTE4)测定的临床意义。方法　采用竞争性酶联免疫吸附试验技术检测 2 8例哮喘患儿急性发作期和非急性发作期的尿LTE4水平 ,并与健康组儿童相比较 ;同时对哮喘患儿的尿LTE4与第 1秒用力呼气容积 (FEV1)及外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数 (EC)进行相关性分析。结果　哮喘患儿非急性发作期尿LTE4比急性发作期明显下降 (P <0 0 1) ,但两期均明显高于健康组儿童 (均P <0 0 1)。急性发作期尿LTE4和FEV1呈负相关 (r =- 0 6 15 ,P <0 0 1) ,和EC无相关性 (r =0 16 3,P >0 0 5 )。结论　动态检测支气管哮喘患儿尿中LTE4水平 ,可能为将来的临床诊断和治疗提供有意义的参考指标。     

新生儿嗜酸性粒细胞增多

目的　探讨新生儿嗜酸性粒细胞增多的原因 ,评价新生儿嗜酸性粒细胞增多的临床特征。方法　对 2 4例新生儿嗜酸性粒细胞增多患儿 ,监测血嗜酸性粒细胞计数 ,检测Ig系列 ,详细记录患儿入院后情况及患儿家属情况 ,并对所有患儿进行随访。结果　在同期住院的 10 5 2例新生儿中 ,2 4例 (2 .3% )患儿存在嗜酸性粒细胞增多。嗜酸性粒细胞轻度增高占 2 9.2 % ,中度增高 5 4 .2 % ,重度增高 16 .7%。嗜酸性粒细胞增多的时间为入院后 0～ 2 0d不等 ,其中 2 5 .0 %患儿入院当时即发现有嗜酸性粒细胞增多 ,2 9.2 %患儿为入院后 1d发现有嗜酸性粒细胞增多 ,2例化脓性脑膜炎患儿在恢复期出现嗜酸性粒细胞增多。在Ig系列中 ,IgA增高 6例 (2 5 .0 % ) ,IgE增高 2例 (8.3% )。嗜酸性粒细胞增多患儿的恢复时间为 2～ 2 1d。患儿出院后 ,对所有患儿进行随访 ,其中 3例(12 .5 % )患儿有湿疹存在。截止至随访日期 ,尚未发现有过敏及哮喘发作。结论　嗜酸性粒细胞增多在新生儿期并不少见 ,常见的原因与新生儿感染有关。     

哮喘患儿诱导痰辅助性T细胞亚群及相关细胞因子变化研究

探讨支气管哮喘患儿诱导痰中辅助性T细胞（Th）亚群及相关细胞因子的变化及意义。方法　观察2009年9月至2010年1月深圳儿童医院收集的20例哮喘患儿及20例同年龄对照组儿童,采用流式细胞术检测哮喘患儿外周血Th1、Th2、Th17、CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞（Treg）数量;同时收集哮喘患儿和对照组儿童的诱导痰,进行炎性细胞计数与分类,荧光定量聚合酶链反应（Real Time PCR）测定外周血单个核细胞及诱导痰T-bet、IFN-γ、GATA3、IL-4、Foxp3、TGF-β、RORrt、IL-17A、IL-8、TNF-α等mRNA表达水平。结果　（1）急性期哮喘患儿外周血Th1、Treg细胞比例降低（P < 0.05）、Th2细胞、Th17细胞比例与正常对照组差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。（2）急性发作期哮喘患儿外周血单个核细胞T-bet、Foxp3、IFN-γ、TGF-β表达降低（P < 0.05）,GATA3、RORγt、IL-4、IL-17A 与正常对照组差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。（3）急性发作期哮喘患儿诱导痰中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞数量增加（P < 0.05）。（4）急性发作期哮喘患儿诱导痰中RORγt、IL-17A、GATA3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-8、TNF-α表达增高（P < 0.05）,T-bet、IFN-γ、Foxp3、TGF-β表达与正常对照组差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论　哮喘患儿诱导痰Th2与Th17转录因子和细胞因子增多,可能是导致儿童哮喘气道炎症反应的重要原因。     

Eosinophil count in premature infants

Eosinophil count was carried out serially in 50 premature infants. 72% showed absolute eosinophilia (>760/cumm). Counts were low at birth in the majority (70%) but reached maximum value (1600±980/cumm) at about five weeks of age. No relation between gestational age and the degree of eosinophilia was present. Rise in counts occurred only after steady weight gain was recorded. Importance of the findings is discussed.     

Eosinophilic Myocarditis Presenting with Pediatric Myocardial Infarction

Determination of the etiology of myocardial infarction (MI) in children can present a challenge to the practitioner since cases of pediatric MI are rare and the causes can be diverse. We report an unusual case of pediatric eosinophilic myocarditis that presented with MI.     

Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil chemotactic activity (ECA), neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) and tryptase in serum before and during bronchial challenge in cat-allergic children with asthma

In order to study ECP, ECA, NCA and tryptase levels in serum in 18 cat-allergic children with asthma scrum samples were obtained before and during an allergen bronchial challenge. All children were on regular treatment with inhaled steroids (200-800 μg/day) and bronchodilators. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was recorded twice daily for at least a week before the challenge. The baseline ECP levels were significantly higher in the children who had a baseline PEF 80-95% of pred. compared to those who had PEF >95% of pred. (mean 24. 3 μg/l and 14. 3 μg/l respectively, p <0.02). ECP in serum before the ehallenge correlated significantly to PEF in % of the expected optimal PEF obtained from the PEF curve (r= 0. 48, p <0.05). During the challenge ECA and NCA increased significantly from mean 96. 2% and 97. 9% to 122. 7% and 118. 7% (p <0.05 for both), while ECP did not change significantly, mean 20. 4 μg/l before and 17. 5 μg/l after the challenge. Tryptase levels in serum were not detectable (<0. 5 ng/ml) before or during the asthmatic attack.
We eoncludc that there are significantly raised ECP levels in serum in symptom-free asthmatic children on long-term treatment with topical steroids possibly indicating remaining airway inflammation. Acute asthma results in an increase of ECA and NCA while ECP levels seem to reflect the chronic rather than the acute phase of asthma in children.     

甲磺司特对哮喘大鼠气道炎症及IL-5的影响

目的 探讨甲磺司特（suplatast tosilate, IPD） 对哮喘大鼠IL-5 水平及气道炎症的影响。方法 50 只雄性成年Sprague-Dawley 大鼠（4 周龄）随机分为5 组：对照组、模型组、布地奈德组、IPD 早期干预组和IPD 晚期干预组,每组10 只。采用卵清白蛋白（OVA）致敏、激发,建立支气管哮喘大鼠气道炎症模型。观察肺泡灌洗液（BALF）炎性细胞总数和EOS 百分比,RT-PCR 检测肺组织IL-5 mRNA 的表达,ELISA测定BALF 上清液中IL-5 的含量。结果 模型组BALF 中炎性细胞总数及EOS 百分比、IL-5 含量及肺组织IL-5mRNA 表达量均较对照组明显增高（PP结论 IPD 可减轻哮喘气道炎症反应,可能与其抑制 IL-5 mRNA 的转录有关。     

Eosinophil activation in preterm infants with lung disease

AIM: We investigated the role of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. METHODS: Fifteen preterm infants with BPD were compared to 13 preterms with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and to 16 healthy preterms. We assessed total eosinophil and neutrophil counts in venous blood samples and the levels of the eosinophilic activity markers eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) and the cellular surface antigen (CD9). RESULTS: The eosinophil count was greater in BPD compared with RDS and healthy infants (1414 vs. 797 and 471 cells per microlitre, respectively, p = 0.03). ECP levels were elevated (34 vs. 12.8 and 9.8 microg/L, respectively, p = 0.002) and CD9 levels reduced (75 vs. 94 and 86 mean fluorescence intensity units, respectively, p = 0.01) in BPD compared with RDS and healthy infants, suggesting eosinophilic activation in BPD. These findings were not solely explained by differences between gestational age or birth weight of the different groups. ECP levels were positively correlated with the duration of oxygen supplementation in the BPD group. The eosinophil count fell promptly after steroid treatment was commenced in the BPD group. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that BPD is linked to eosinophil activation, which might contribute to the pathogenesis.     

Successful Treatment of Eosinophilic Pleural Effusions Following Congenital Heart Surgery

We report two children, age 7 months and 5 years, who underwent surgery for congenital heart disease and developed persistent pleural effusions with elevated eosinophil counts. Given the elevation of eosinophil counts in both blood and pleural fluid of these patients, it was considered that an allergic response might have caused the persistent effusion. In both cases, the effusion resolved within 48 hours after treatment with corticosteroids was begun. It is possible that postoperative eosinophilic pleural effusion may represent a subgroup of effusions that are more likely to respond to treatment with corticosteroids.     

Eosinophil counts and urinary eosinophil protein X in children hospitalized for wheezing during the first year of life: prediction of recurrent wheezing

Early identification of wheezing children with an increased risk of recurrent wheezing or subsequent asthma is important. The aim of the study was to determine the role of markers of eosinophil activation, along with other parameters, in the prediction of recurrent wheezing and allergic sensitization in children with early and severe wheezing. We examined 105 children without atopic dermatitis, hospitalized for wheezing during the first year of life. At a 20-mo follow-up, 101 of the children were assessed for the occurrence of recurrent wheezing (at least 3 episodes, including 1 in the previous 6 mo) and allergic sensitization (positive skin-prick test). By univariate analysis, levels of eosinophil counts at the time of hospitalization (p = 0.005, OR = 18.9), age in months (p < 0.0001, OR = 1.5), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-negative disease (p < 0.0001, OR = 8.8), parental atopy (p = 0.006, OR = 3.3) and male sex (0.02, OR = 2.7) were all predictive factors for recurrent wheezing at follow-up. With all parameters included in a multiple regression analysis, RSV-negative disease was not a predictive factor for recurrent wheezing. A simple model including eosinophil counts > or = 0.1 x 10(9)/L and age had a predictive accuracy of 79%, with only a 6% chance of a child being wrongly predicted as symptomatic. Urinary protein X (U-EPX) was not a predictive factor for recurrent wheezing. When included in a multiple logistic regression analysis, a level of U-EPX > or = 100 microg/mmol creatinine was the only parameter with a positive predictive value for allergic sensitization (p = 0.007, OR = 18.9), whereas age, parental allergy or parental asthma were not. CONCLUSION: Children with severe wheezing during the first year of life and subsequent recurrent wheezing are characterized by a normal or high eosinophil count in response to viral infections.     

Relationships between cotinine, lower respiratory tract infection, and eosinophil cationic protein in children

Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of passive smoking on urine eosinophil cationic protein (u-ECP) in children with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Method This was a case-control study. The study cohort consisted of 150 children with LRTI (case group) and 150 healthy children (control), all from a urban setting. The statistical parameters were: a minimum of 139 children for a 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 80% power, and a possible exposure prevalence of 50%. The u-cotinine and u-ECP levels were measured by radioimmunoassay and fluoroimmunoassay methods, respectively. Data were analyzed by the McNemar chi-square test, t-test, and Pearson correlation. Results When the generally accepted cut-off level of 30 ng/mg urinary cotinine/creatinine was applied, 87.3% of the children with LRTI and 84.7% of healthy children were passive smokers. Using a cut-off level of 60 ng/mg, passive smoking increased the prevalence of LRTI by 4.7-fold (p=0.000). The mean u-ECP values were significantly higher in the case group than in the healthy control group (p=0.018). A positive association was found between u-cotinine and u-ECP values in children with LRTI (p=0.034). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that passive smoking may play an important role in the development of respiratory infections and can cause airway inflammation in children with existing LRTI.     

哮喘患儿血清嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白、总IgE及外周血嗜酸细胞水平的变化及临床意义

目的探讨哮喘患儿血清嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)、总IgE(T-IgE)和外周血嗜酸细胞(PBEC)的变化及临床意义。方法采用荧光酶联免疫法测定77例哮喘患儿血清ECP、T-IgE水平,同时进行PBEC计数和呼气峰流速(PEFR)测定(5岁以上)。结果哮喘患儿发作期ECP、T-IgE水平及PBEC计数明显升高;缓解期ECP水平降至正常,T-IgE水平及PBEC计数虽然明显下降,但仍高于对照组;发作期ECP水平与PEFR占预计值的百分比(PEFR％)呈显著负相关,T-IgE水平与PBEC计数呈显著正相关。结论PBEC和T-IgE水平升高是哮喘发病的重要因素,ECP水平可反映哮喘炎症的严重程度。     

过敏性紫癜患儿血清嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白检测及意义

目的：探讨嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白（ＥＣＰ）在过敏性紫癜（ＨＳＰ）中的作用。方法：应用ＰｈａｒｍａｓｉａＣＡＰＳｙｓｔｅｍＥＣＰＦＥＩＡ荧光酶标法测定４２例ＨＳＰ患儿血清ＥＣＰ水平。结果：急性发作期患儿血清ＥＣＰ水平显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０００１），也显著高于经激素治疗缓解组（Ｐ＜０００１）；伴肾脏受累患儿血清ＥＣＰ明显高于无肾脏受累患儿（Ｐ＜００１）；而缓解组与对照组则差异无显著性。结论：ＥＣＰ参与了ＨＳＰ疾病的病理生理过程，血清ＥＣＰ测定对ＨＳＰ尤其是紫癜性肾炎临床诊断、病情评估及指导治疗有一定帮助