一起冷饮引起的学校内甲型肝炎暴发调查

一起冷饮引起的学校内甲型肝炎暴发调查江阴市卫生防疫站孙旦，潘永华，姚祖述１９９５年４月１３日～５月４日江阴市璜土中学发生一起甲肝暴发，发病４０人，经用１：２配对调查，查明可能的暴发因素为塑料袋装饮料，报告如下。１调查方法１．１制订调查表首先对暴发现场...     

急性鼠药中毒救治分析

我院自１９９２年１月至２００１年１２月共抢救治疗鼠药中毒患者１８例 ,现总结报告如下。１临床资料１ １一般资料本组病例均为我院急诊抢救的患者 ,其中男１５例 ,女３例 ;年龄４～４８岁 ,其中４～１２岁幼儿９例 ,１３～３９岁５例 ,４０～４８岁４例 ;中度中毒８例 ,重度中毒１０例 ;中毒药物及剂量 :毒鼠强中毒１１例 ,氟乙酰胺中毒５例 ,磷化锌中毒２例。因其鼠药毒性大 ,小剂量即可引起中毒。１８例患者均经口中毒 ,其中企图自杀４例、误服５例、他人投毒９例 ;从发现到入院时间１５ｍｉｎ～２ ５ｈ,平均０ ５ｈ。１ ２诊断依据①…     

1997年罗马尼亚麻疹暴发流行

１９９７年罗马尼亚麻疹暴发流行戴振威译余文周校（安徽省卫生防疫站２３００６１）１９９６年１２月１日至１９９７年９月３０日，罗马尼亚国家卫生部报告共发生麻疹２０，０３４例（发病率８８．７／１０万），死亡１３例。暴发始于１９９６年１２月，１９９７年５月达...     

一起经水传播甲型副伤寒暴发的调查

１９９８年１２月８～２４日,在灌云县宁海乡突发３７例甲型副伤寒病人,死亡１例,经省、市、县三级卫生防疫专业人员调查,证实为经水传播的甲型副伤寒暴发疫情,现将调查情况报告如下。１　疫情概况本次暴发共发病３７例,罹患率为１６８．５／１０万。病人分布于该乡９个行政村,其中发生１５例的１个村,７例的１个村,４例和２例的各２个村,１例的３个村。患者年龄最大６７岁,最小５岁;主要集中在５～１４岁,占发病数的８１．１％,男女性比值为１．６４∶１。中小学生３１例,占发病总数的８３．７％,首例病人１２月８日发病,…     

1起眼部医院感染暴发流行的分析

１起眼部医院感染暴发流行的分析首都医科大学宣武医院张京利（北京１０００５３）１流行情况１９９６年１２月２０～２１日两天内我院眼科病房５名患者发生急性结膜炎，男４例，女１例，年龄３２～７４岁，６０岁以上３人，分布于３个病室。２控制措施将５名患者集中一室...     

一起水灾冲毁铜矿尾砂坝引发的腹泻病暴发

一起水灾冲毁铜矿尾砂坝引发的腹泻病暴发谢立舒丽萍１９９４年７月１２～１３日，大冶县连降百年不遇的特大暴雨，形成的山洪将某铜矿两座８０余米高的尾砂坝冲毁。灾后，距尾砂坝５ｋｍ的胡庚村发生腹泻病暴发流行。尾砂坝冲毁的第２天，即７月１４日，村内发生４例患者...     

三唑仑依赖11例报道

三唑仑是新型苯二氮艹卓ＢＺＤ类药物，因其催眠迅速，无宿醉现象，易使失眠者接受。由于半衰期短更易产生耐受［１］，而有关该药依赖方面报导很少，现报导如下。１　对象与方法本文１９例来自我院１９９６年１２月至１９９７年１０月门诊服用三唑仑者，其中男１０例，女９例，年龄２３～６５岁，平均年龄３８－４±１３－２岁。采用ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ药物依赖诊断标准诊断学药物依赖者１１例，男６例，女５例，年龄２４～６３岁，平均年龄３７－３±１４－５岁。职业：干部５例，个体６例，无职业２例，学生２例，工人４例，均采用自制问卷…     

一起麻疹暴发流行的调查报告

１９９８年２月至４月南平市延平区峡阳镇大埂村、浪石村来坑自然村、安科村暴发麻疹５８例。我们开展了流行病学、临床学与血清学调查，现将调查结果报告如下：１流行病学调查１．１流行时间、强度首例病人发生于２月１８日，为峡阳镇大埂村小学学生，女１２岁，两天后其...     

组织细胞增生症X临床探讨

本文报告组织细胞增生症Ｘ２７例，男１５例，女１２例。年龄１１／２月－９岁。临床，Ｘ线和病理诊断１４例，临床和Ｘ线诊断９例，临床和病理诊断１９例，临床诊断１例。ＬＳ１５例，ＨＳＣ７例，ＥＧ２例，中间型３例ＬＳ扫热１３例，皮诊１４例，咳嗽１例，肝脾肿大各１４例，ＨＳＣ头部肿物，突眼，尿崩分别为５例，４例，Ｘ线ＬＳ肺纹增多１３例，网点关影１０例，四型颅骨破坏分别为４例，２例，６例，２例。     

一起大龄儿童麻疹暴发流行调查报告

１９９８年２月至３月１３日,凤台县桂集乡园艺村大田庄（有４个生产队,人口有４００多人）发生一起大年龄儿童麻疹局部流行。１发病情况大田庄于１９９８年２月２４日发生两例麻疹以后,陆续发病,形成局部流行,截至３月１３日止,共发生麻疹９例,罹患率达２２．５％...     

东海县某小学一起水痘暴发疫情的调查

目的 报告一起小学水痘暴发疫情及调查处理情况.方法 由专业技术人员进行现场调查处理并记录,根据现场记录总结分析.结果 该校12名学生被诊断为水痘,罹患率25.5％.其中三年级11例、占91.7％,二年级l例、占8.3％,男生9例,罹患率32.1％;女生3例,罹患率15.8％,无并发症及死亡病例.经专家确认是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)引起的水痘暴发疫情.结论 由于报告不及时导致此次疫情暴发,采取了有效防控措施,疫情得到控制.     

Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Beijing, 2003

The largest outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) struck Beijing in spring 2003. Multiple importations of SARS to Beijing initiated transmission in several healthcare facilities. Beijing's outbreak began March 5; by late April, daily hospital admissions for SARS exceeded 100 for several days; 2,521 cases of probable SARS occurred. Attack rates were highest in those 20-39 years of age; 1% of cases occurred in children <10 years. The case-fatality rate was highest among patients >65 years (27.7% vs. 4.8% for those 20-64 years, p < 0.001). Healthcare workers accounted for 16% of probable cases. The proportion of case-patients without known contact to a SARS patient increased significantly in May. Implementation of early detection, isolation, contact tracing, quarantine, triage of case-patients to designated SARS hospitals, and community mobilization ended the outbreak.     

Investigation of a Cholera Outbreak in a Tea Garden of Sivasagar District of Assam

Background:

In late May 2012, Bagjan division of Borbam tea estate, of Sivasagar district of Assam was affected by an outbreak of acute watery diarrhea, subsequently confirmed as Vibrio cholerae O1.

Objectives:

Our objective is to investigate and control the acute diarrheal disease outbreak in Sivasagar district of Assam.

Materials and Methods:

A physician-epidemiologist-led team did rapid outbreak investigation to confirm the outbreak and instituted treatment and control measures. Quantitative data collection was done using standard schedule and qualitative data by using key informant interview schedule.

Results:

Spot mapping of cases was done along the garden residential lines. About 120 suspected cases were line listed; with 1:1.23 male: female ratio. Ages ranged from 3 to 70 years (median - 40.5 years). Attack rate was 4.79% with one death; case fatality rate was 0.83%. Open air defecation was practiced by 94.6%. Rectal swabs were positive for V. cholerae O1 (Ogawa). All the piped water samples were class IV unsatisfactory for domestic use.

Conclusions:

There is a need to improve water and sanitation facility in the tea garden lines along with implementation of a strengthened disease surveillance system through integrated disease surveillance project covering all tea estates.     

School-based measles outbreaks: correlation of age at immunization with risk of disease.

During the Spring of 1978, students with a history of previous measles vaccination accounted for over three-forths of 203 cases of measles in a metropolitan county. Seventy cases occurred in two schools where 99% of the students were vaccinated. We analyzed countywide data to determine past patterns of measles vaccination, including outbreak control and vaccination update clinics. We also examined records of children from the two schools to assess the relationship between disease incidence and age at vaccination. When susceptibility was determined by trained health workers rather than by parents, fewer doses of measles vaccine were estimated to be needed. The majority of cases occurred among children 5 to 9 years old. Attack rates were higher for children vaccinated at 12 months of age or younger than for those vaccinated at 13 months of age or older. There were no significant differences in attack rates among children vaccinated at 13 months of age or older. These findings support recommendations for delaying routine measles vaccination until after 12 months of age and suggest that, during outbreaks, all children vaccinated prior to 13 months of age be revaccinated.     

小儿急性粘连性肠梗阻手术时机的选择对治疗效果的影响研究

目的分析手术时机选择对小儿急性粘连性肠梗阻临床疗效的影响。 方法择取山东省胶州市人民医院2012年6月至2015年9月接收的急性粘连性肠梗阻患儿84例,其中男性56例,女性28例,平均年龄(8.3～11.2)岁,阑尾炎36例,肠套叠19例,肠绞窄7例,肠扭转不良13例,膈疝6例,巨结肠3例。采用随机单盲法将84例患儿均分为试验组和对照组。试验组于发病48 h内接受手术,对照组于发病48 h后接受手术。观察两组疗效,比较死亡率和并发症发生率。 结果试验组总有效率为95.24%,明显高于对照组的76.19%(P<0.05)。试验组并发症发生率和病死率分别为9.52%、0.0%,明显低于对照组的35.71%、7.14%(P<0.05)。 结论对急性粘连性肠梗阻患儿早期实施手术治疗,可降低并发症发生率和病死率,疗效显著。     

Beverage patterns among Canadian children and relationship to overweight and obesity

Sweetened beverage intake has risen in past decades, along with a rise in prevalence of overweight and obesity among children. Our objective was to examine the relationship between beverage intake patterns and overweight and obesity among Canadian children. Beverage intake patterns were identified by cluster analysis of data from the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey 2.2. Intake data were obtained from a single 24-hour recall, height and weight were measured, and sociodemographic data were obtained via interview. Data on children and adolescents aged 2-18 years who met inclusion criteria (n = 10?038) were grouped into the following categories: 2-5 years (male and female), 6-11 years (female), 6-11 years (male), 12-18 years (female), and 12-18 years (male). χ2 test was used to compare rates of overweight and obesity across clusters. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between overweight and obesity and beverage intake patterns, adjusting for potential confounders. Clustering resulted in distinct groups of who drank mostly fruit drinks, soft drinks, 100% juice, milk, high-fat milk, or low-volume and varied beverages (termed "moderate"). Boys aged 6-11 years whose beverage pattern was characterized by soft drink intake (553 ± 29 g) had increased odds of overweight-obesity (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.2-4.1) compared with a "moderate" beverage pattern (23 ± 4 g soft drink). No significant relationship emerged between beverage pattern and overweight and obesity among other age-sex groups. Using national cross-sectional dietary intake data, Canadian children do not show a beverage-weight association except among young boys who drink mostly soft drinks, and thus may be at increased risk for overweight or obesity.     

Calcium and dairy intakes of adolescents are associated with their home environment, taste preferences, personal health beliefs, and meal patterns

OBJECTIVE: To identify correlates of calcium, dairy, and milk intakes among male and female adolescents. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study design. Adolescents self-reported measures pertaining to correlates on the Project EAT (Eating Among Teens) survey and completed a food frequency questionnaire at school. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Subjects were a total of 4,079 middle and high school students from Minneapolis/St Paul, MN, public schools. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Multiple linear regression models based on social cognitive theory were examined by sex. RESULTS: Male adolescents reported higher daily intakes of calcium (male: 1,217+/-663 mg; female: 1,035+/-588 mg; P<0.001), dairy servings (male: 2.9+/-1.9; female: 2.4+/-1.7; P<0.001), and milk servings (male: 2.0+/-1.5; female: 1.5+/-1.4; P<0.001) than female adolescents. Calcium intakes of male adolescents were significantly and positively related to availability of milk at meals, taste preference for milk, eating breakfast, higher socioeconomic status, and social support for healthful eating; intakes were significantly and inversely related to consumption of soft drinks and fast food. Among female adolescents, availability of milk at meals, taste preference for milk, eating breakfast, higher socioeconomic status, personal health/nutrition attitudes, and self-efficacy to make healthful food choices were significantly and positively related to intakes; intakes were significantly and inversely related to fast-food consumption. Models of calcium intake explained 71% of the variance in male adolescents and 72% of the variance in female adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Multicomponent interventions with a focus on the family environment are likely to be most effective in increasing calcium intakes among adolescents.     

济南市某高校1起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情调查

[目的]分析1起学校甲型H1N1流感暴发的特点和原因,为今后类似疾病的预防与控制提供经验。[方法]2009年10月14日至11月16日,到现场进行流行病学调查。[结果]本起疫情历时32d,全校发生甲型H1N1流感病例13例,罹患率为0.14%;无重症和死亡病例;男生罹患率为0.56%,女生罹患率为0.07%。13例病例分布在山东大学兴隆山校区7个学院10班级,采集20份患者咽拭子,13份甲型H1N1流感核酸阳性。[结论]确定为1起暴发甲型H1N1流感。     

Consumption of soft drinks with phosphoric acid as a risk factor for the development of hypocalcemia in postmenopausal women.

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the consumption of phosphoric acid-containing soft drinks and hypocalcemia in postmenopausal women. A case control study was designed to include 21 cases and 64 controls, matched by age and menopausal duration with similar family income, scholarship, and daily dietary intakes. Clinical and dietetic conditions that may produce hypocalcemia were considered as exclusion criteria. Cases were defined as a serum Ca level < or = 8.8 mg/dl, and controls as a serum CA level > 8.8 mg/dl. Women in the case group had a higher consumption of phosphoric acid-containing soft drink, and showed increased serum levels of PTH and hyperphosphaturia, than those in the control group without significant differences in 1,25(OH)2D3. In the multivariate regression analysis consumption of one or more bottles per day of cola soft drinks showed association with hypocalcemia (1.28, CI 95% 1.06-1.53). The consumption of soft drinks with phosphoric acid should be considered as an independent risk factor for hypocalcemia in postmenopausal women.