ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症的疗效评价

目的 探讨ERCP在治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症方面的作用.方法 回顾性分析2004年10月至2007年10月采用ERCP治疗39例肝移植术后胆道并发症患者的临床资料.对25例胆道狭窄患者(吻合口狭窄14例,非吻合口狭窄11例)行括约肌切开、胆管扩张、鼻胆管引流和塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对6例胆漏患者行鼻胆管引流及塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对16例胆道结石和胆泥形成患者(其中合并胆道狭窄8例)行括约肌切开、鼻胆管冲洗引流及取石网篮取石等治疗.结果 ERCP手术成功率为95.9%(94/98),未出现严重并发症.吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为100%(14/14),非吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为27.3%(3/11),胆漏的ERCP治愈率为83.3%(5/6),结道结石和胆泥形成患者的ERCP治愈率为81.3%(13/16).结论 ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症安全性较高、疗效较好、严重并发症发生率较低.     

ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症的疗效评价

目的 探讨ERCP在治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症方面的作用.方法 回顾性分析2004年10月至2007年10月采用ERCP治疗39例肝移植术后胆道并发症患者的临床资料.对25例胆道狭窄患者(吻合口狭窄14例,非吻合口狭窄11例)行括约肌切开、胆管扩张、鼻胆管引流和塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对6例胆漏患者行鼻胆管引流及塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对16例胆道结石和胆泥形成患者(其中合并胆道狭窄8例)行括约肌切开、鼻胆管冲洗引流及取石网篮取石等治疗.结果 ERCP手术成功率为95.9%(94/98),未出现严重并发症.吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为100%(14/14),非吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为27.3%(3/11),胆漏的ERCP治愈率为83.3%(5/6),结道结石和胆泥形成患者的ERCP治愈率为81.3%(13/16).结论 ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症安全性较高、疗效较好、严重并发症发生率较低.     

ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症的疗效评价

目的 探讨ERCP在治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症方面的作用.方法 回顾性分析2004年10月至2007年10月采用ERCP治疗39例肝移植术后胆道并发症患者的临床资料.对25例胆道狭窄患者(吻合口狭窄14例,非吻合口狭窄11例)行括约肌切开、胆管扩张、鼻胆管引流和塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对6例胆漏患者行鼻胆管引流及塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对16例胆道结石和胆泥形成患者(其中合并胆道狭窄8例)行括约肌切开、鼻胆管冲洗引流及取石网篮取石等治疗.结果 ERCP手术成功率为95.9%(94/98),未出现严重并发症.吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为100%(14/14),非吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为27.3%(3/11),胆漏的ERCP治愈率为83.3%(5/6),结道结石和胆泥形成患者的ERCP治愈率为81.3%(13/16).结论 ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症安全性较高、疗效较好、严重并发症发生率较低.     

ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症的疗效评价

目的 探讨ERCP在治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症方面的作用.方法 回顾性分析2004年10月至2007年10月采用ERCP治疗39例肝移植术后胆道并发症患者的临床资料.对25例胆道狭窄患者(吻合口狭窄14例,非吻合口狭窄11例)行括约肌切开、胆管扩张、鼻胆管引流和塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对6例胆漏患者行鼻胆管引流及塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对16例胆道结石和胆泥形成患者(其中合并胆道狭窄8例)行括约肌切开、鼻胆管冲洗引流及取石网篮取石等治疗.结果 ERCP手术成功率为95.9%(94/98),未出现严重并发症.吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为100%(14/14),非吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为27.3%(3/11),胆漏的ERCP治愈率为83.3%(5/6),结道结石和胆泥形成患者的ERCP治愈率为81.3%(13/16).结论 ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症安全性较高、疗效较好、严重并发症发生率较低.     

ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症的疗效评价

目的 探讨ERCP在治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症方面的作用.方法 回顾性分析2004年10月至2007年10月采用ERCP治疗39例肝移植术后胆道并发症患者的临床资料.对25例胆道狭窄患者(吻合口狭窄14例,非吻合口狭窄11例)行括约肌切开、胆管扩张、鼻胆管引流和塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对6例胆漏患者行鼻胆管引流及塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对16例胆道结石和胆泥形成患者(其中合并胆道狭窄8例)行括约肌切开、鼻胆管冲洗引流及取石网篮取石等治疗.结果 ERCP手术成功率为95.9%(94/98),未出现严重并发症.吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为100%(14/14),非吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为27.3%(3/11),胆漏的ERCP治愈率为83.3%(5/6),结道结石和胆泥形成患者的ERCP治愈率为81.3%(13/16).结论 ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症安全性较高、疗效较好、严重并发症发生率较低.     

ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症的疗效评价

目的 探讨ERCP在治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症方面的作用.方法 回顾性分析2004年10月至2007年10月采用ERCP治疗39例肝移植术后胆道并发症患者的临床资料.对25例胆道狭窄患者(吻合口狭窄14例,非吻合口狭窄11例)行括约肌切开、胆管扩张、鼻胆管引流和塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对6例胆漏患者行鼻胆管引流及塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对16例胆道结石和胆泥形成患者(其中合并胆道狭窄8例)行括约肌切开、鼻胆管冲洗引流及取石网篮取石等治疗.结果 ERCP手术成功率为95.9%(94/98),未出现严重并发症.吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为100%(14/14),非吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为27.3%(3/11),胆漏的ERCP治愈率为83.3%(5/6),结道结石和胆泥形成患者的ERCP治愈率为81.3%(13/16).结论 ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症安全性较高、疗效较好、严重并发症发生率较低.     

ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症的疗效评价

目的 探讨ERCP在治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症方面的作用.方法 回顾性分析2004年10月至2007年10月采用ERCP治疗39例肝移植术后胆道并发症患者的临床资料.对25例胆道狭窄患者(吻合口狭窄14例,非吻合口狭窄11例)行括约肌切开、胆管扩张、鼻胆管引流和塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对6例胆漏患者行鼻胆管引流及塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对16例胆道结石和胆泥形成患者(其中合并胆道狭窄8例)行括约肌切开、鼻胆管冲洗引流及取石网篮取石等治疗.结果 ERCP手术成功率为95.9%(94/98),未出现严重并发症.吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为100%(14/14),非吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为27.3%(3/11),胆漏的ERCP治愈率为83.3%(5/6),结道结石和胆泥形成患者的ERCP治愈率为81.3%(13/16).结论 ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症安全性较高、疗效较好、严重并发症发生率较低.     

ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症的疗效评价

目的 探讨ERCP在治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症方面的作用.方法 回顾性分析2004年10月至2007年10月采用ERCP治疗39例肝移植术后胆道并发症患者的临床资料.对25例胆道狭窄患者(吻合口狭窄14例,非吻合口狭窄11例)行括约肌切开、胆管扩张、鼻胆管引流和塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对6例胆漏患者行鼻胆管引流及塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对16例胆道结石和胆泥形成患者(其中合并胆道狭窄8例)行括约肌切开、鼻胆管冲洗引流及取石网篮取石等治疗.结果 ERCP手术成功率为95.9%(94/98),未出现严重并发症.吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为100%(14/14),非吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为27.3%(3/11),胆漏的ERCP治愈率为83.3%(5/6),结道结石和胆泥形成患者的ERCP治愈率为81.3%(13/16).结论 ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症安全性较高、疗效较好、严重并发症发生率较低.     

ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症的疗效评价

目的 探讨ERCP在治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症方面的作用.方法 回顾性分析2004年10月至2007年10月采用ERCP治疗39例肝移植术后胆道并发症患者的临床资料.对25例胆道狭窄患者(吻合口狭窄14例,非吻合口狭窄11例)行括约肌切开、胆管扩张、鼻胆管引流和塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对6例胆漏患者行鼻胆管引流及塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对16例胆道结石和胆泥形成患者(其中合并胆道狭窄8例)行括约肌切开、鼻胆管冲洗引流及取石网篮取石等治疗.结果 ERCP手术成功率为95.9%(94/98),未出现严重并发症.吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为100%(14/14),非吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为27.3%(3/11),胆漏的ERCP治愈率为83.3%(5/6),结道结石和胆泥形成患者的ERCP治愈率为81.3%(13/16).结论 ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症安全性较高、疗效较好、严重并发症发生率较低.     

ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症的疗效评价

目的 探讨ERCP在治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症方面的作用.方法 回顾性分析2004年10月至2007年10月采用ERCP治疗39例肝移植术后胆道并发症患者的临床资料.对25例胆道狭窄患者(吻合口狭窄14例,非吻合口狭窄11例)行括约肌切开、胆管扩张、鼻胆管引流和塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对6例胆漏患者行鼻胆管引流及塑料内支架置放术等治疗;对16例胆道结石和胆泥形成患者(其中合并胆道狭窄8例)行括约肌切开、鼻胆管冲洗引流及取石网篮取石等治疗.结果 ERCP手术成功率为95.9%(94/98),未出现严重并发症.吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为100%(14/14),非吻合口狭窄的ERCP治愈率为27.3%(3/11),胆漏的ERCP治愈率为83.3%(5/6),结道结石和胆泥形成患者的ERCP治愈率为81.3%(13/16).结论 ERCP治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症安全性较高、疗效较好、严重并发症发生率较低.     

Pigtail stents: an alternative in the treatment of difficult bile duct stones

BACKGROUND: When bile duct stones cannot be removed after sphincterotomy by balloon or basket extraction, stent placement can serve as a bridge to additional procedures. Biliary stents may also fragment large stones, allowing them to pass spontaneously or making them easier to extract at a later time. METHODS: Twenty patients with difficult to extract bile duct stones were prospectively studied. The patients underwent ERCP and placement of a 7F double-pigtail stent in the bile duct for 6 months. Results: In seven patients (35%), repeat ERCP revealed no stones in the duct. Four patients (20%) had small stone fragments that were easily extracted with a balloon. Six patients (30%) continued to have large stones at repeat ERCP; two of these patients eventually underwent surgery, the duct was cleared in three with mechanical lithotripsy, and one had long-term stenting. Three patients (15%) did not undergo repeat ERCP and were therefore treated with long-term stent placement. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that placement of a pigtail biliary stent is a safe and effective alternative in the management of bile duct stones that resist extraction if lithotripsy is not available. After 6 months of stent placement, stones may pass or become easier to remove in a significant proportion of patients.     

ENDOSCOPIC SPHINCTEROTOMY PLUS ENDOPROSTHESES IN THE TREATMENT OF LARGE OR MULTIPLE COMMON BILE DUCT STONES

Background and Aim: Little information is available on the outcomes of endoscopic sphincterotomy plus biliary stent placement without stone extraction as primary therapy at initial endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the treatment of large or multiple common bile duct (CBD) stones. The aim of the present study was to study the effect of biliary stents and sphincterotomy as primary therapy for patients with choledocholithiasis. Methods: Patients with large (≥20 mm) or multiple (≥3) CBD stones were retrospectively studied. The patients underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy and placement of plastic stents in the bile duct without stone extraction at the initial ERCP. Three or more months later, a second ERCP was carried out and stone removal was attempted. Differences in stone size and the largest CBD diameter before and after stenting were compared. Stone clearance and complications were also evaluated. Results: 52 patients were enrolled. After a median of 124 days of biliary plastic stent placement the mean maximal stone diameter decreased from 16.6 mm to 10.0 mm (P < 0.01). The mean CBD diameter also decreased from 15.3 mm to 11.5 mm (P < 0.01). The total stone clearance at second ERCP was 94.2%, only 5.7% of which needed mechanical lithotripsy. Complications: pancreatitis in one (1.9%) at initial ERCP, cholangitis in two (3.8%) after 52 days and 84 days of placement of stent. No complications were recorded at second ERCP. Conclusions: Biliary plastic stents plus endoscopic sphincterotomy without stone extraction as primary therapy at initial ERCP is a safe and effective method in the management of large or multiple CBD stones.     

Temporary use of an accuflex stent for unextractable common bile duct stones

Endoscopic management has become the main therapeutic approach for the extraction of common bile duct (CBD) stones, and successful removal can be achieved in 80-90% patients using conventional balloon and basket techniques. However, if it is difficult to completely fragment a stone, or to clear the CBD, which may occur for a variety of reasons, the therapeutic problem will remain. When bile duct stones can not be removed, a viable management option is to place a biliary stent to ensure drainage. However, recent studies of long-term biliary stenting, with a plastic stent, showed a relatively high rate of morbidity and mortality. We report an alternative, unique treatment for unextractable common bile duct stones, using the temporal placement of an expandable metallic stent (EMS) to facilitate passage of fragments through the papilla.     

De novo stent-stone complex after long-term biliary stent placement: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and endotherapy

BACKGROUND: Long-term and permanent biliary stenting have been reported in many studies and are infrequently practiced in selected patients with irretrievable common bile duct stones and biliary strictures. PATIENTS: Here we report 3 new cases and review 7 other cases of de novo stent-stone complex formation after long-term biliary stent placement. INTERVENTIONS: De novo stent-stone complexes developed in 3 young patients after unintended long-term biliary stent placement of 4.5 to 11 years' duration. The stent-stone complexes were successfully removed during ERCP with electrohydrolic lithotripsy (EHL) in combination with choledochoscopy or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with mechanical lithotripsy (ML). RESULTS: The de novo radiolucent stones formed around and above the stent in the proximal and end part of the stent. The stones were generally large with a diameter>2 to 3 cm. The stent-stone complex usually assumed a 1-sided dumbbell configuration inside the bile duct. The mean duration to clinical presentation after initial biliary stenting is 5.64 years (range 2-11 years). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to keep in mind that a biliary stent can act as a nidus for new biliary stone formation around the stent after long-term placement. We recommend that the optimal endotherapy in this situation is ML for the free-floating complexes with short stents, and choledochoscopy with EHL or laser lithotripsy and ESWL for impacted complexes with longer stents.     

Treatment of symptomatic distal common bile duct stenosis secondary to chronic pancreatitis: comparison of single vs. multiple simultaneous stents

BACKGROUND: Common bile duct stenosis occurs in up to 30% of patients with chronic pancreatitis. Most such stenoses are found incidentally during ERCP, but others manifest as obstructive jaundice, recurrent cholangitis, secondary biliary cirrhosis, or choledocholithiasis. Operative drainage has been the main treatment despite the potentially high morbidity in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopic biliary drainage with a single stent has been successful in the short term. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term benefit of a single stent vs. multiple simultaneous stents for treatment of patients with chronic pancreatitis and symptoms because of distal common bile duct stenosis. METHODS: Twelve consecutive patients with chronic pancreatitis and common bile duct stenosis underwent endoscopic placement of multiple simultaneous stents and were followed prospectively (Group II). Results were compared with a group of 34 patients in whom a single stent was placed before the start of the present study (Group I). All 46 patients (35 men, 11 women; age range 30-71 years) had chronic pancreatitis and common bile duct stenosis, and presented with symptoms indicative of obstruction (abdominal pain, jaundice, elevated biochemical tests of liver function, acute pancreatitis, cholangitis). The 34 patients in Group I had single stent (10F, 7-9 cm) placement, with exchange at 3 to 6 month intervals (1-4 exchanges) over a mean of 21 months. The 12 patients in Group II underwent placement of multiple simultaneous stents at 3-month intervals (single 10F stents added sequentially) over a mean of 14 months. Mean follow-up was 4.2 years in Group I and 3.9 years for Group II. Factors assessed included symptoms, biochemical tests of liver function, diameter of common bile duct stenosis, and complications. RESULTS: In Group I, (34 patients), a total of 162 single stent placement/exchanges were performed (mean 5/patient). In Group II (12 consecutive patients), 8 patients had 4 (10F) stents placed simultaneously, and 4 patients had 5 (10F) stents. At the end of the treatment period, near normalization of biochemical tests of liver function was observed for all patients in Group II, whereas only marginal benefit was noted for patients in Group I. Four patients in Group I had recurrent cholangitis (6 episodes), whereas no patient in Group II had post-procedure cholangitis. In the 12 patients with multiple stents, distal common bile duct stenosis diameter increased from a mean of 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm after treatment; no change in diameter was noted in patients treated with a single stent. CONCLUSIONS: Distal common bile duct stenosis secondary to chronic pancreatitis can be treated long term by stent placement. Multiple, simultaneous stents appear to be superior to single stent placement and may provide good long-term benefit. The former resulted in near normalization of biochemical tests of liver function and an increase in distal common bile duct diameter. Multiple stent placement may obviate the need for surgical diversion procedures.     

Retained common bile duct stones after endoscopic sphincterotomy: temporary and longterm treatment with biliary stenting.

Basket extraction after endoscopic sphincterotomy failed to clear the bile ducts immediately in 85 (30%) of 283 consecutive patients with common bile duct stones. Temporary biliary drainage was established by the insertion of a single 7 Fr double pigtail stent before further planned endoscopic attempts at stone removal. In 84 patients (21 male: 63 female, mean age 77 years) this measure relieved biliary obstruction, mean serum bilirubin falling from 101 to 18 umol/l by the time of the second endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Six patients died from non-biliary causes with temporary stents in situ. Common bile duct stone extraction was achieved endoscopically in 50 of the remaining 79 patients after a mean of 4.3 months (range 1-12), 34 (68%) requiring only one further procedure. Three patients were referred for biliary surgery. Single stents were also effective for longterm biliary drainage in the remaining 26 elderly patients with unextractable stones. The main biliary complication of stenting was 13 episodes of cholangitis but all except one responded to medical treatment and early stent exchange. If common bile duct stones remain after endoscopic sphincterotomy, a single 7 Fr double pigtail stent is effective and safe for temporary biliary drainage before further endoscopic attempts at duct clearance and for longterm biliary drainage especially in the old and frail.     

Endoscopic ultrasound guided therapy of benign and malignant biliary obstruction: a case series

OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography is an established method for treatment of common bile duct stones as well as for palliation of patients with malignant pancreaticobiliary strictures. It may be unsuccessful in the presence of a complex peripapillary diverticulum, prior surgery, obstructing tumor, papillary stenosis, or impacted stones. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and surgery are alternative methods with a higher morbidity and mortality in these cases. Recently, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided biliary stent placement has been described in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. We describe our experience with this method that was also used for the treatment of cholangiolithiasis for the first time. METHODS: The EUS guided transduodenal puncture of the common bile duct with stent placement was performed in 5 patients. In 2 of these patients, the stents were removed after several weeks and common bile duct stones were extracted. In another patient with gastrectomy, the left intrahepatic bile duct was punctured transjejunally and a metal stent was introduced transhepatically to bridge a distal common bile duct stenosis. RESULTS: Biliary decompression was successful in all 6 patients. No immediate complications occurred. One patient developed a subacute phlegmonous cholecystitis. CONCLUSIONS: Interventional EUS guided biliary drainage is a new technique that allows drainage of the biliary system in benign and malignant diseases when the bile duct is inaccessible by conventional ERCP.     

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography during pregnancy without radiation

AIM： To present our experience with pregnant patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP） without using radiation, and to evaluate the acceptability of this alternative therapeutic pathway for ERCP during pregnancy. METHODS： Between 2000 and 2008, six pregnant women underwent seven ERCP procedures. ERCP was performed under mild sedoanalgesia induced with pethidine HCI and midazolam. The bile duct was cannulated with a guidewire through the papilla. A catheter was slid over the guidewire and bile aspiration and/or visualization of the bile oozing around the guidewire was used to confirm correct cannulation. Following sphincterotomy, the bile duct was cleared by balloon sweeping. When indicated, stents were placed. Confirmation of successful biliary cannulation and stone extraction was made by laboratory, radiological and clinical improvement. Neither fluoroscopy nor spot radiography was used during the procedure. RESULTS： The mean age of the patients was 28 years （range, 21-33 years）. The mean gestational age for the fetus was 23 wk （range, 14-34 wk）. Five patients underwent ERCP because of choledocholithiasis and/or choledocholithiasis-induced acute cholangitis. In one case, a stone was extracted after precut papillotomy with a needle-knife, since the stone was impacted. One patient had ERCP because of persistent biliary fistula after hepatic hydatid disease surgery. Following sphincterotomy, scoleces were removed from the common bile duct. Two weeks later, because of the absence of fistula closure, repeat ERCP was performed and a stent was placed. The fistula was closed after stent placement. Neither post-ERCP complications nor premature birth or abortion was seen. CONCLUSION： Non-radiation ERCP in experienced hands can be performed during pregnancy. Stent placement should be considered in cases for which complete common bile duct clearance is dubious because of a lack of visualization of the biliary tree.     

Prospective follow-up of patients with bile duct strictures secondary to laparoscopic cholecystectomy, treated endoscopically with multiple stents

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The frequency of iatrogenic postoperative benign strictures has substantially increased in recent years and this is thought to be because of the widespread use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Our study was performed prospectively with the goal to investigate the short-term and long-term outcome for endoscopic treatment with insertion of multiple stents in patients with postoperative benign common bile duct stricture after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODOLOGY: Overall 43 consecutive patients with history of laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled and followed prospectively between December 1998 and December 2003. In all patients a maximum possible number of stents, in relation to the tightness of the stricture and diameter of the bile duct for a period of one year was inserted endoscopically. Patients entered in the follow-up phase after first ERCP procedure with insertion of a biliary plastic stent and continued to be followed after extraction of all stents. RESULTS: Successful endoscopic dilatation of benign biliary stricture after laparoscopic cholecystectomy with placement of multiple biliary plastic stents was achieved in all 43 patients (100%), with a mean follow-up of 16.0+/-11.1 months (range 1 to 42 months) after stent removal. The mean number of multiple plastic stents inserted in one patients with the goal to achieve maximum stricture dilation was 3.4+/-0.6 (range 3 to 5). No recurrence of biliary stricture during or at the end of follow-up was noticed in any patients (100% success rate). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic insertion of maximum number of stents in relation to the tightness of the stricture and diameter of the bile duct is highly effective and may improve long-term results for patients with biliary strictures secondary to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术治疗老年胆总管巨大结石40例

目的探讨内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)治疗老年胆总管巨大结石的可行性及安全性。方法 40例老年胆总管巨大结石患者完善术前准备,密切监护下经十二指肠镜先行ERCP,发现胆总管结石后行内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开(EST)和机械碎石(EML)取石,视具体情况留置鼻胆管引流及支架置入引流。结果 40例患者37例取石获得成功,成功率92.5%;其中10例经过二次取石。所有患者腹痛症状明显改善,皮肤巩膜黄染迅速消褪,发热患者48 h内体温趋于正常。术后并发轻型胰腺炎4例,乳头肌切口创面轻度渗血2例,均经内科保守治疗痊愈,未发生肠穿孔、胆道撕脱等严重并发症和死亡。结论 ERCP治疗老年胆总管巨大结石是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,应考虑作为治疗的首选方案。