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1.
Nayyar Iqbal Sudhagar Mookkappan Aneesh Basheer Ravichandran Kandasamy 《The Australasian medical journal》2015,8(10):325-332
Background
Although communication skills are important for a good physician-patient relationship, Indian medical curricula give very little emphasis on training medical students in this aspect.Aims
To determine the change in communication skills of final-year medical students following focused training.Methods
This was an educational interventional study done at Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India, to assess communication skills among final-year MBBS students. Fifty-two students (24 males and 28 females) participated in the study. A pre-test was conducted in the form of an objectively structured clinical examination (OSCE), followed by focused training for four hours. The same OSCE was administered as post-test. A comparison between the pre-test and post-test scores was done using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.Results
Ninety-six per cent of participants (50 out of 52) showed improvement in their performance after the focused training. The mean marks of the pre-test and post-test were 10.77± 3 and 18.04±2, respectively, out of a maximum mark of 20 (p<0.05). One out of 52 participants did not show any improvement, and one participant scored less in the post-test compared to the pre-test. There was no significant difference in the performance between male and female students.Conclusion
Focused training can enhance the communication skills of medical students. Hence, it may be included in the curriculum of undergraduate medical teaching programmes in India. 相似文献2.
Background:
In today''s world, use of Internet has become indispensable. Medical students have much to gain from the Internet technology that has revolutionized the medical field. There is a very rapid change in the way communication technology is being handled and our medical students should also be ready to embrace it. Very few studies have been done on this topic in India. The aim was to find out the knowledge, practice, and barriers of Internet use among the medical undergraduates of Subharti Medical College, Meerut.Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among the MBBS students belonging to the first, second, third, and fourth years of their course during August to October 2009. A pretested questionnaire was used collecting information on their Internet usage patterns, knowledge about information technology, and barriers to using it. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and appropriate statistical tests were applied for analysis.Results:
The proportion of respondents having a laptop were more in cohort of students belonging to the admission year 2009 (65.8%) followed by 2008 (54.7%), 2007 (53.0%), and 2006 (38.0%), i.e., a gradual increase in newer cohorts. About half (57.4%) of the students had some sort of formal training in computer and Internet use. Knowledge about Internet was more among the junior cohorts compared to the senior cohorts (P<0.0001). Only about one-fifths of the respondents used Internet for searching literature for projects from medical journals on the Internet. Majority of the respondents accessed Internet for less than 3 hours per week. About one-tenth (8.0%) of the students felt that Internet is totally useless in medical field. The major barrier (54.4% of the respondents) to using Internet was lack of time.Conclusions:
Further research should focus on designing and implementing computer and Internet training for medical students. 相似文献3.
Background
Problem-based learning (PBL) sessions consist of a brainstorming phase, search phase, individual study, and reporting phase. At the Xavier University School of Medicine, Aruba, PBL is a new learning modality first introduced in May 2013.Aims
PBL processes have not been studied previously at the Xavier University School of Medicine, hence the present study was carried out to obtain information about the PBL processes and note differences, if any, among different groups of students.Method
The study was conducted among first- to fourth-semester undergraduate medical students during July 2014 using a previously validated PBL processes instrument developed by van den Hurk et al. Information about gender, semester, weekly hours of study, and learning resources used was obtained. Respondents’ agreement with a set of 23 statements was noted using a Likert-type scale, which was scored as 1=totally disagree with the statement, 2=disagree, 3=neutral, 4=agree, and 5=totally agree with the statement. Mean scores were compared among different groups of respondents.Results
Fifty-one of the 58 students (87.9 per cent) participated. The weekly average study time was 29.9 hours. Lecture handouts and textbooks were commonly used information sources. The mean scores (scale 1 to 5) for learning-issue-driven searching, and extensiveness of searching were 3.49 and 3.45, respectively. The score for explanation-oriented preparation was 3.94, while those for breadth and depth of discussion were 3.75 and 3.62, respectively. Most scores were higher among second-semester students, but the difference was not significant.Conclusion
The self-reported scores were comparable to those reported in previous studies done using the same PBL processes instrument in other medical schools. At Xavier University School of Medicine interactive lectures are the major teaching method and topics covered during PBL are also likely to be covered during lectures, which could influence the scores. The findings of our study providing information about how students function during PBL brainstorming and presentation sessions and how they use different learning resources would be of interest to other medical schools worldwide following a hybrid curriculum. Further studies are required. 相似文献4.
INTRODUCTION
This study examines the relationship between the clinical performance of medical students and their performance as doctors during their internships.METHODS
This retrospective study involved 63 applicants of a residency programme conducted at Chonnam National University Hospital, South Korea, in November 2012. We compared the performance of the applicants during their internship with their clinical performance during their fourth year of medical school. The performance of the applicants as interns was periodically evaluated by the faculty of each department, while their clinical performance as fourth-year medical students was assessed using the Clinical Performance Examination (CPX) and the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE).RESULTS
The performance of the applicants as interns was positively correlated with their clinical performance as fourth-year medical students, as measured by the CPX and OSCE. The performance of the applicants as interns was moderately correlated with the patient-physician interaction items addressing communication and interpersonal skills in the CPX.CONCLUSION
The clinical performance of medical students during their fourth year in medical school was related to their performance as medical interns. Medical students should be trained to develop good clinical skills through actual encounters with patients or simulated encounters using manikins, to enable them to become more competent doctors. 相似文献5.
Background
This study aims to evaluate medical students'' perception of the usefulness and effectiveness of an e-learning package developed to enhance the acquisition of consulting skills.Method
A survey with mixed method data analysis was conducted. Participants were 67 medical students completing their third year primary care rotation as part of a five-year degree at the University of Tasmania. Participants completed a 10 question anonymous online survey after using the elearning packageResults
Of the participants, 92% found it enjoyable and 95% found the e-learning package useful; 75% perceived it to be effective in increasing their performance and 91% believed it increased their knowledge in consulting skills. Benefits for participants'' confidence, style and structure of consulting skills were found.Conclusion
Participants found the e-learning package to be enjoyable and effective. E-learning should be further utilised in a blended learning environment to support face-to-face teaching in consulting skills. 相似文献6.
Weiqin Lin Glenn K Lee Joshua P Loh Edgar L Tay Winnie Sia Tang-Ching Lau Shing-Chuan Hooi Kian-Keong Poh 《Singapore medical journal》2015,56(2):98-102
INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the use of a cardiopulmonary patient simulator in the teaching of second-year medical students. Effectiveness was measured in terms of the extent of knowledge retention and students’ ability to apply the skills learned in subsequent real-life patient contact.METHODS
In this study, ten third-year medical students who had previously undergone simulator training as part of their second-year curriculum underwent an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and a multiple-choice question (MCQ) test to assess their ability to apply the knowledge gained during the simulator training when dealing with real patients. The performance of this group of students was compared with that of a group of ten fourth-year medical students who did not undergo simulation training.RESULTS
Although the third-year medical students performed well in the OSCE, they were outperformed by the group of fourth-year medical students, who had an extra year of clinical exposure. The MCQ scores of the two groups of students were similar. Post-simulation training survey revealed that students were generally in favour of incorporating cardiopulmonary simulator training in the preclinical curriculum.CONCLUSION
Cardiopulmonary simulator training is a useful tool for the education of preclinical medical students. It aids the translation of preclinical knowledge into real-life clinical skills. 相似文献7.
Ekwempu Adaobi Ifeoma Ede Folashade Rebecca Ojo Oyekunle Ezekiel Ofojekwu Mary-Jane Essien Cosmas Uyime Edeh N. Obiageri Adeshiyan Tola Damen James 《Nigerian medical journal》2015,56(6):425-428
Background:
Continuing professional development (CPD) in Medical Laboratory Scientists (MLS) is aimed at equipping laboratory professionals with the necessary skills to enhance practice. The laboratory scientists are usually the first contact between the patient and health care system in aspects of diagnosis and monitory of diseases. As such, it becomes imperative to assess the knowledge of laboratory personnel regarding CPD.Materials and Methods:
Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 200 laboratory personnel''s attending the maiden CPD workshop organized by the Association of MLS in Jos the Plateau state capital.Results:
One hundred and thirty-five (82 males and 53 females) of the 200 administered questionnaires were returned. Only 32 of them (23.7%) attended CPD program in the last 1 year with 10 (7.5%) engaging in online CPD. Five (3.7%) of the respondents had the privilege to attend an international CPD. Majority (95.2%) of the respondents identified CPD as an essential component of professional career development. Lack of sponsorship was identified as a major setback in CPD efficiency by 93.8% of respondents. About 58 (46.4%) noted that poor attendance in CPD workshops was due to unavailability of policy guideline for CPD. One hundred and twenty (95.2%) of respondents had an aim of improving their skills after attending CPD workshops.Conclusion:
The overall attitude of Nigerian MLS toward attending CPD workshop is poor; however, the knowledge regarding the importance of CPD is adequate. There exists a gap between sponsorship for CPD by various institutions and MLS. 相似文献8.
Dhiren Punja Shivananda N Kalludi Kirtana M Pai Raghavendra K Rao Murali Dhar 《The Australasian medical journal》2014,7(12):490-499
Background
Teaching programmes in medical education are now routinely employing active learning strategies to enhance the learning process and engage students in higher levels of learning. Team-based learning (TBL) is one active learning strategy that builds on individuals’ strengths by allowing them to collaborate and work as a team to achieve a common learning objective.Aims
The present study aims to evaluate the impact of TBL on student performance. It also aims to assess students'' attitudes towards TBL and the feasibility of its incorporation into the course curriculum.Methods
From a class of 241 students, 128 who agreed to participate in the study underwent two sessions of TBL each consisting of Individual and Group Readiness Assurance Tests (IRATs and GRATs). The readiness assurance tests each had 13 multiple choice questions (MCQ). To analyse the impact of TBL supplementation, the median sessional MCQ scores of students who underwent TBL supplementation (group 1) were compared with those who did not undergo the session (group 2). Students'' experiences with TBL and their attitudes towards incorporation of TBL into the course curriculum were analysed using a feedback questionnaire that was given to students who underwent TBL.Results
Students belonging to the TBL group performed significantly better than the students who did not undergo TBL (p<0.001). The median sessional MCQ score of the TBL group was seven and non-TBL group was six. The overall mean attitude score obtained from feedback questionnaires was 3.57, which indicates a positive attitude towards TBL.Conclusion
The team-based learning session improved student engagement with course content. The majority of the students felt that TBL supplementation enhanced their understanding of course content and believe that it will help them perform better in their exams. 相似文献9.
Nkeiruka Ameh Mohammed A. Abdul Gbadebo A. Adesiyun Solomon Avidime 《Nigerian medical journal》2014,55(4):310-313
Background:
Method of testing clinical competence of medical students in this setting has been controversial. This report evaluates the perceptions and preferences of 5th and 6th year medical students about traditional clinical examination (TCE) and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE).Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire, administered to 156 students, who had been previously exposed to TCE and OSCE.Results:
There were 110 (70.5%) males and 46 (29.5%) females, with median age group of 26–30 years. One hundred and thirty-one respondents (84%) felt TCE is more difficult and 20 (12.8%) felt OSCE was more difficult. One hundred and forty-two (91%) felt OSCE was easier to pass, 8 (5.1%) felt TCE was easier to pass and 6 (3.8%) were undecided. Majority of the 5th and 6th year students (95.5% and 100%, respectively) preferred OSCE for assessment. In relation to validity and reliability of OSCE, 124 (79.5%) of all the students felt it provides a true measure of essential clinical skills, 130 (83.3%) felt its scores are standardised, 143 (91.7%) felt it is a practical and useful experience and 135 (86.5%) felt students’ personality, ethnicity and gender will not affect OSCE scores. Overall, there were no significant differences in preference and perceptions between 5th and 6th year students and between males and females.Conclusion:
Students preferred OSCE as method of assessing clinical competence and considered it a more valid and reliable method of examination. 相似文献10.
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Patricia A. Agaba Emmanuel I. Agaba Amaka N. Ocheke Comfort A. Daniyam Maxwell O. Akanbi Edith N. Okeke 《Nigerian medical journal》2012,53(3):155-160
Background:
To determine the level of awareness and knowledge of HIV postexposure prophylaxis (HIV PEP) and determinants of adequate knowledge among Family Physicians in Nigeria.Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey conducted among 175 Family Physicians at two national conferences.Results:
Majority (97.7%) of the respondents was aware of the concept of HIV PEP and 99.4% believed it was effective in preventing HIV transmission. Over two third of our respondents had been exposed to NSI; however, less than 25% of those exposed received PEP. There was high level of knowledge of the various high-risk body fluids as well as types of high-risk exposures. 93.9% of our respondents knew that HIV PEP should commence within 1 h of exposure, 83.3% knew the correct duration of HIV PEP, but only 57.0% knew the ideal PEP regimen for high-risk exposures. The total mean score for our respondents was 17.8±2.9 with 79.4% having an adequate score. Being a junior doctor and male sex were associated with adequate knowledge.Conclusion:
This study shows that despite high levels of awareness and knowledge of HIV PEP, access to its use among family physicians in Nigeria is still sub-optimal. 相似文献14.
Background
In Nepal, a developing country in South Asia, the number of female medical students has increased significantly.Aims
The present study was carried out to explore perceived perceptions for this increase, study the perceived impact on teaching-learning activities, medical school infrastructure and possible perceived changes in the doctor-patient relationship.Method
First, second and third year students were invited to participate in focus group discussions (FGDs). Fifty-four students were willing to participate. Twenty-five were from the first year, 20 from the second and 9 from the third year. The FGDs conducted over a 90 minute period were voice and video recorded. The groups consisted of both males and females from a particular intake. The findings were transcribed verbatim.Results
Participants felt more female students were taking up medicine in the country because of more colleges opening in the cities and towns making it easier for female students to enrol in the course. Also parents consider medicine as a safe, noble and dignified profession for their daughters. Participants suggested women are more empathetic doctors and the doctor-patient relationship might become more patient-focused. Women doctors can serve as a source of inspiration and the overall impact on Nepal would be positive.Conclusion
Participating students perceived the increasing number of female medical students may be due to changes in Nepalese society. This study was carried out only among three batches of students in a single medical school. Further studies among different batches of students and among interns in other medical schools are required. Studies among postgraduate students and doctors are also needed. 相似文献15.
Background
Medical students’ knowledge and understanding of the elderly will affect the quality of care to the rising population of older adults which points to a need to identify geriatric health training methods appropriate for the region and curriculum. Therefore the study assessed the effect of a co- curricular introductory workshop on knowledge regarding geriatric health and attitude towards the elderly among fourth year medical students in a medical universityMethod
A quasi-experimental before-after study, with control was conducted at Gulf Medical College among 60 medical students from discipline-based curriculum in year IV during May-June 2010 of whom 16 had opted (attendees) to undergo the introductory course, a five day workshop of 10 hours duration. Pre- and post-testing used self-administered questionnaires for demographic variables: age, gender, nationality, close contact with older people; a quiz on old people’s health, and Kogan’s Old People Scale (KOPS) for attitude. The difference in scores on quiz and KOPS were compared for the attendees and 26 non-attendees who participated in both pre and post testing.Results
The attendees group had 38% male and 62% female participants and the non-attendees group had 21% and 79% respectively. The groups were not significantly different in age, sex, nationality and close contact with the elderly. The scores on the quiz and KOPS showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups before or after the workshop. Almost all the participants evaluated the workshop very positively especially the interaction with healthy elderly and inmates of old people’s home.Conclusion
A 10-hour introductory co-curricular workshop made no significant change in the knowledge on geriatric health or attitude of fourth year medical students though they reported it as a very enriching experience. A reflective report may have been a better assessment tool and the impact on their clinical practice cannot be predicted. 相似文献16.
Saad Aliyu Ahmed Kabiru Sabitu Suleiman Hadejia Idris Rukaiya Ahmed 《Nigerian medical journal》2013,54(5):316-319
Background:
Cervical cancer is the most common genital cancer and one of the leading causes of death among female population. Fortunately, this cancer is preventable by screening for premalignant lesions but this is rarely provided and hardly utilised. We assessed the knowledge, attitude and utilisation of cervical cancer screening among market women in Sabon Gari, Zaria.Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of cervical cancer screening among market women. A total of 260 women were administered with questionnaires which were both self and interviewer administered. These were analysed using SPSS version 11.Results:
Respondents exhibited a fair knowledge of cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening (43.5%); however, their knowledge of risk factors was poor. There was generally good attitude to cervical cancer screening (80.4%), but their level of practice was low (15.4%).Conclusions:
There was a fair knowledge of cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening among Nigerian market women in this study, their practice of cervical cancer screening was poor. 相似文献17.
INTRODUCTION
Although cosmetic procedures have become increasingly popular among the younger population in recent years, limited research on this subject has been done in the Asian context. We aimed to explore the views and knowledge regarding cosmetic procedures among junior college (JC) and medical students in Singapore.METHODS
In the first phase of the study, a cross-sectional, self-administered survey of 1,500 JC students aged 16–21 years from six JCs was conducted in 2010. The same survey was then conducted on a random sample of Year 2–5 medical students from an undergraduate medical school in 2011.RESULTS
In total, 1,164 JC and 241 medical students responded to the surveys. There was an overall female to male ratio of 1.3:1. Of all the respondents, 2.5% of the JC students and 3.0% of the medical students admitted to having undergone cosmetic procedures. Among those who claimed to have never had cosmetic procedures done, 9.0% and 44.0% of the JC and medical students, respectively, responded that they would consider such procedures in the future. Those who disapproved of their peers undergoing cosmetic surgery comprised 35.0% of JC students and 56.8% of medical students. Among the JC and medical students, 52.0% and 36.1%, respectively, were unaware of any risks associated with cosmetic procedures.CONCLUSION
The younger population is increasingly accepting of cosmetic procedures. However, there is a general lack of understanding of the risks associated with such procedures. Education of both the general public and medical students may help prevent potential medicolegal issues. 相似文献18.
Vinod Kapoor Ramandeep Singh Gambhir Simarpreet Singh Sanjeet Gill Agiapal Singh 《Nigerian medical journal》2013,54(6):365-370
Background:
Hundreds of thousands of healthcare workers remain susceptible to deadly viruses throughout the year, including blood-borne pathogens. Needle stick injuries (NSI) constitute one of the most common occupational health hazards in healthcare profession. Dental professionals are at more risk of acquiring NSI due to their limited and restricted working area. The present systematic review was carried out to determine knowledge, awareness and practice regarding NSI in dental professionals and students in India.Materials and Methods:
A systematic review of cross-sectional studies available in the literature on the knowledge, attitude and practice among dental professionals and students in India was carried out. We identified relevant articles through electronic and manual search such as Pubmed and MEDLINE. Two investigators independently identified studies that were included in the review.Results:
Four articles were finally selected for inclusion in the review. All the studies were done involving dental students; 89.23% of the students had correct knowledge about NSI and 91.55% of the students had adequate level of awareness regarding its management in one of the studies. Also, 89% of students in one of the studies were aware of taking post-exposure prophylaxis after accidental NSI. In another study, 44% of the students destroyed the needles using a needle destroyer and 15% destroyed them in puncture-resistant containers.Conclusion:
The knowledge and awareness of the dental students is adequate, although there is considerable variation in practice and management of NSI among different studies. There is a need for more studies involving dental professionals. 相似文献19.
Kirtana M Pai K Raghavendra Rao Dhiren Punja Asha Kamath 《The Australasian medical journal》2014,7(11):448-453
Background
Self-directed learning (SDL) has become popular in medical curricula and has been advocated as an effective learning strategy for medical students to develop competence in knowledge acquisition.Aims
The primary aim was to find out if there was any benefit of supplementing self-directed learning activity with a traditional lecture on two different topics in physiology for first-year medical students.Method
Two batches of first-year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) (Batch A and Batch B) comprising 125 students each, received an SDL session on Morphological classification of anaemia. The students belonging to Batch A received a one-hour lecture on the same topic three days prior to the SDL session. The students were given a 10 multiple choice questions (MCQ) test for a maximum of 10 marks immediately following the SDL session. The next topic, Conducting system of the heart, disorders and conduction blocks was taught to both batches in traditional lecture format. This was followed by an SDL session on the same topic for Batch A only. The students were evaluated with a MCQ test for a maximum of 10 marks.Results
The mean test scores on the first topic were 4.38±2.06 (n=119) and 4.17±1.71 (n=118) for Batch A and Batch B, respectively. The mean test scores on the second topic were 5.4± 1.54 (n=112) and 5.15±1.37 (n=107) for Batch A and Batch B, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups.Conclusion
For first-year medical students, SDL is an effective teaching strategy for learning physiology. However, no additional benefit is gained by supplementing SDL with a lecture to facilitate learning physiology. 相似文献20.