120例肺癌患者合并癌性疼痛的心理状况干预

目的:研究护理干预措施对肺癌合并癌性疼痛患者的心理状况及预后的影响。方法:选取2015年6月至2016年6月接诊的120例肺癌合并癌性疼痛患者展开研究。按照随机数表法随机分为研究组和对照组。对照组应用常规护理措施对患者进行护理,研究组在常规护理基础上给予患者心理护理干预。护理干预前后,分析两组患者的焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及视觉模糊评分法(VAS)评分,并对患者生活质量状况(社会功能、躯体功能、情绪功能、角色功能及认知功能评分)进行分析。同时,对两组患者满意度进行调查分析。结果:干预后,两组患者的SAS、SDS及VAS评分均显著降低,且研究组明显低于对照组,两组比较有统计学意义(t=-3.423,-3.043,-3.026;P0.05)。研究组患者的社会功能、躯体功能、情绪功能、角色功能及认知功能评分均明显高于对照组,两组比较有统计学意义(t=10.531,8.248,5.560,7.791;P0.05)。研究组患者对护理工作的满意度(96.67%)明显高于对照组(78.33%),两组比较有统计学意义(χ~2=7.619,P=0.0059)。结论:护理干预可显著改善肺癌合并癌性疼痛患者的心理状况,提高患者满意度,值得广泛推广应用。     

心理护理干预对功能性消化不良患者生活质量及心理状态的影响

目的：观察心理护理干预对功能性消化不良患者生活质量和心理状态的影响。方法将273例功能性消化不良患者随机分为干预组147例与对照组126例。两组均给予相关对症治疗,对照组给予常规护理措施,干预组在此基础上给予心理护理干预。观察护理前后两组生活质量评分和焦虑(SAS)、抑郁(SDS)自评量表评分情况。结果护理后两组生活质量评分和SAS、SDS评分均降低,且干预组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心理护理干预用于功能性消化不良患者可明显改善患者心理状态,提高治疗效果和患者的生活质量,值得临床推广应用。     

心理康复护理对脑卒中患者心理状态及生活质量的影响

目的:分析心理康复对脑卒中患者心理状态及生活质量的影响。方法:选取2015年5月-2016年5月我院收治的脑卒中患者80例,根据护理方式不同分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。给予对照组常规护理干预,给予观察组心理康复护理,比较两组患者护理前后心理状态和生活质量情况。结果:观察组患者护理后焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=-5.078,-8.131;P0.05);观察组日常生活活动能力(Activities of daily living,ADL)评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=8.608,P0.05)。结论:心理康复护理有利于改善脑卒中患者焦虑抑郁的心理状态,提高患者的生活质量。     

综合护理干预对鼻咽癌放疗患者心理状态和生活质量的影响

目的:探讨综合护理干预对鼻咽癌放疗患者心理状态和生活质量的影响。方法:对我院2012年3月-2013年5月收治的81例鼻咽癌放疗患者进行综合护理干预,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)和生活质量量表(QLQ-C30),分别对鼻咽癌病人护理干预前后进行全面测量与评估。结果:1护理干预后鼻咽癌放疗患者的SAS和SDS评分均显著低于干预前(t=5.564,4.663;P0.05);2护理干预后鼻咽癌放疗患者躯体功能、角色功能、情绪功能、认知功能、社会功能、总健康状况6个方面评分均高于干预前(t=-4.216,-3.652,-3.283,-3.878,-2.496,-4.315;P0.05)。结论:采用综合护理干预能够有效改善患者的不良情绪,减轻放疗的副反应,提高鼻咽癌患者的生活质量。     

肺癌患者化疗前后生活质量、焦虑抑郁情绪的变化及心理干预的作用

目的:探究肺癌患者化疗前后生活质量、焦虑抑郁情绪的变化及心理干预的作用。方法:收集2015年3月-2017年3月在我院接受治疗的83例肺癌患者的临床资料,将患者随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组实行常规护理干预,观察组实行心理干预,采用生命质量测定量表(QLQ-C30)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对患者化疗前后的生活质量、焦虑抑郁情绪进行比较,分析心理干预的作用。结果:观察组化疗后SAS评分和SDS评分,低于对照组(t=-17.373,-14.357;P0.05);化疗后观察组焦虑、抑郁患者比例低于对照组;化疗后观察组生活质量评分总分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=3.962,P0.01)。结论:心理干预能够有效提高患者化疗后的生活质量,消除焦虑、抑郁等不良情绪,有利于患者的康复。     

心理护理对老年患者长时间静脉输液的影响

目的 探讨心理护理对老年患者长时间静脉输液的影响.方法 选取120例长时间静脉输液老年患者随机分为试验组和对照组各60例,试验组接受常规护理及心理护理,对照组只接受常规护理,采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)在长时间静脉输液前后对患者进行心理评估.结果 长时间静脉输液后,对照组SDS、SAS评分明显高于输液前(t=6.622,9.336;P＜0.001);试验组SDS、SAS评分明显低于对照组(t=-5.213,-7.901;P＜0.001).结论 实施充分的心理护理可改善老年患长时间静脉输液引起的不良心理反应.     

护理干预对106例男性肺癌患者生活质量的影响

目的：结合临床实践经验,探讨护理干预男性肺癌患者生活质量的影响,为今后肺癌患者的护理提供参考依据。方法选择2012年1月~2013年12月在我院住院的106例肺癌患者作为研究对象,采用对照研究,将患者随机分为观察组(53例)和对照组(53例),对照组给予肿瘤科常规护理,观察组在此基础上给予系统化的疼痛护理干预方案,通过抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS),比较两组患者生活质量和心理状态的评分情况,并加以分析。结果观察组和对照组的SAS及SDS评分均有一定程度的下降,且观察组的下降程度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的总满意度(90.57%)优于对照组(79.26%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论系统性的护理干预能改善男性肺癌患者的生活质量,具有辅助治疗价值,值得临床进一步推广和研究。     

心理干预对透析患者焦虑抑郁的护理效果观察

目的 探讨护理心理干预对透析患者焦虑抑郁的影响.方法 将62例血液透析患者随机分为干预组和对照组各31例,比较两组在不同时间焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分及护理效果.结果 第2次评定干预组SAS,SDS评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),护理质量满意度明显优于对照组(P<0.01).结论 心理干预能明显缓解透析患者的负性情绪,提高护理效果.     

综合干预对肺癌放化疗患者不良情绪及生活质量的影响

目的:观察综合干预对肺癌放化疗患者不良情绪及生活质量的影响。方法:选取2014年11月至2017年10月在我院进行放化疗的肺癌患者110例,根据干预措施不同分为观察组和对照组,每组55例,给予对照组常规药物治疗,观察组在对照组基础上实施综合康复干预,比较干预前后两组患者焦虑(SAS)和抑郁(SDS)及生活质量评分情况。结果:干预后,观察组患者焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=6.151,t=8.819;P0.05);干预后,观察组患者生理功能、精神状态、社会功能、一般健康评分明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=9.127,6.008,7.874,4.708;P0.05)。结论:对肺癌放化疗患者在心理、疼痛、并发症、日常生活等方面进行综合康复干预可改善患者焦虑抑郁等负面情绪,提高他们的生活质量。     

晚期肺癌患者采用心理和健康护理的临床效果

目的:探讨晚期肺癌患者采用心理和健康护理的临床效果。方法:收集我院2015年5年-2017年5月收治的100例晚期肺癌患者,根据患者入院顺序将其分为对照组和观察组各50例。对照组给予病情观察、症状缓解、对症治疗等常规干预措施,观察组在对照组基础上给予心理指导和健康教育的护理干预。比较两组干预前后心理、生活质量的改善情况,自制问卷评估两组护理满意度情况。结果:观察组护理后焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分分别较护理前、对照组护理后显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(t=10.736,12.112,5.183,5.093;P0.001);观察组护理后生活质量EORTC QLQ-C30问卷中RF、EF、CF、SF、QL评分分别较对照组高,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.359,2.621,2.417,2.812,2.043;P=0.020,0.010,0.018,0.006,0.044);观察组护理满意度78.0%(39/50)高于对照组54.0%(27/50),差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=6.417,P=0.011)。结论:心理和健康护理有助于改善晚期肺癌患者的心理状况,提高生活质量,临床应用价值显著。     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.     

Age-related changes in polyamines in memory-associated brain structures in rats

Polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic amines and have important roles in maintaining normal cellular function, regulating neurotransmitter receptors and modulating learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests a role of putrescine in hippocampal neurogenesis, that is significantly impaired during aging. The present study measured the polyamine levels in memory-related brain structures in 24- (aged), 12- (middle-aged) and 4- (young) month-old rats using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. In the hippocampus, the putrescine levels were significantly decreased in the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and increased in the CA2/3 with age. Significant age-related increases in the spermidine levels were found in the CA1 and CA2/3. There was no difference between groups in spermine in any sub-regions examined. In the parahippocampal region, increased putrescine level with age was observed in the entorhinal cortex, and age did not alter the spermidine levels. The spermine level was significantly decreased in the perirhinal cortex and increased in the postrhinal cortex with age. In the prefrontal cortex, there was age-related decrease in putrescine, and the spermidine and spermine levels were significantly increased with age. This study, for the first time, demonstrates age-related region-specific changes in polyamines in memory-associated structures, suggesting that polyamine system dysfunction may potentially contribute to aged-related impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory.     

Seasonal variations in acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Slovenia

Between December 1999 and December 2004, 40 081 pregnant women were examined for toxoplasmosis with Toxo-IgG, Toxo-IgM enzyme immunoassay. Women with positive results were then retested with the Toxo-IgG avidity assay for recent toxoplasmosis. Recent acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.01) during winter than summer. The incidence of acute toxoplasmosis during winter-spring was also significantly more frequent (p < 0.025) than summer-autumn. This phenomenon should be taken into account when formulating preventive measures for toxoplasmosis, especially for pregnant women.     

休克过程中肾上腺髓质素变化的研究进展

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a new peptidergic regulator of vascular function. AM serves as a hormone, which has many biological properties, plays an important role in the many pathophysiological processes, especially shock. This review will highlight the structure, biological properties of AM and the relationship between AM and shock.     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Uteroglobin in the developing rabbit conceptus in vivo and in vitro

Summary Uteroglobin (UGL) was measured in day- 4 to day-10 rabbit conceptuses by a competitive ELISA. Levels in blastocyst fluid, tissues, coverings and in the early fetus were determined separately. The total amount of UGL increased from 18.4 ng to 6.8 g per conceptus. The UGL content of individual day-6 blastocysts was studied in vitro. Culturing was carried out up to 60 h in Ham's F10 medium with polyvinylpyrrolidone as macromolecular component, with and without progesterone, and with progesterone plus estradiol. UGL was determined in the blastocyst fluids, tissues with coverings and in the culture media. After labelling with [³⁵S]-methionine, protein patterns of total blastocysts and of culture media were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The morphology of cultured blastocysts was examined by electron microscopy. During 60 h of culture, the blastocysts expanded in diameter by 84%, and released 19% of their initial UGL content into the medium, independent of the hormonal substitution. Neither de novo synthesis, nor degradation of UGL was found: the protein remained unlabelled in fluorography, and its total quantity was not significantly different from that of non-cultured controls. Trophoblast, endoderm and embryoblast cells showed well preserved cell organelles and intercellular junctions, while the morphological differentiation of the germ layer was inhibited.