大豆饲料对去卵巢大鼠骨丢失的预防作用

[目的]研究大豆饲料对去卵巢大鼠骨丢失的预防作用。[方法]将大鼠分为假手术组、雌激素组、去卵巢对照组、去卵巢大豆膳食组(低、中、高剂量)。实验10周后进行骨密度以及骨组织形态学测量。[结果]假手术组、雌激素对照组、中及高剂量组骨密度高于去卵巢对照组和低剂量组(P<0.05);中、高剂量组骨密度低干假手术组和雌激素组(P<0.05);与假手术组和雌激素对照组相比,去卵巢对照组和低、中、高剂量组骨小梁面积百分率降低、骨小梁数目减少、骨小梁间隔增宽(P<0.05);与中、高剂量组相比,去卵巢对照组和低剂量组骨小梁面积百分率降低、骨小梁数目减少、骨小梁间隔增宽(P<0.05)。[结论]大豆饲料具有预防去卵巢大鼠骨丢失的作用。     

血清Tracp5b、CEA、CA15—3检测对乳腺癌骨转移的临床意义

目的 探讨血清Tracp5b、CEA和CA15-3水平和乳腺癌骨转移的关系.方法 应用采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和化学发光免疫分析（CLIA）检测78例乳腺癌术后患者血清Tracp5b、CEA、CA15-3水平,其中骨转移39例,无骨转移39例（含骨外转移9例）以及健康女性对照组30例.结果 骨转移组血清TRACP5b水平为（6.25±2.37）,显著高于健康对照组（3.29±1.15）、无骨转移组（3.99±1.02）以及骨外转移组（4.08±1.10）（P〈0.05）,无骨转移组和骨外转移组（P〉0.05）;骨转移组血清CA15-3水平为（148.3±173.5）,显著高于健康对照组（13.88±7.12）和无骨转移组（15.21±7.62）（P〈0.05）,但和骨外转移组（90.7±79.3）（P〉0.05）;骨转移组CEA水平为（19.8±10.20）,显著高于健康对照组（2.69±1.10）和无骨转移组（3.19±1.32）（P〈0.05）,但和骨外转移组（13.56±8.13）（P〉0.05）.结论 血清TRACP5b的检测对乳腺癌骨转移具有较高的特异性和敏感性,而CA15-3、CEA在乳腺癌骨转移时具有较高的相关性,但不具备特异性.     

1,25-二羟基维生素D3对原发性骨质疏松骨折愈合的影响

目的探讨1，25-二羟基维生素D3（1，25（OH）2D3）对原发性骨质疏松骨折愈合的影响。方法采用8月龄雌性新西兰兔，摘除双侧卵巢法建立Ⅰ型骨质疏松模型，随机分为假手术组（Sham）、单纯去卵巢组（OVX）、葡萄糖酸钙组（OC）和葡萄糖酸钙＋1，25（OH）2D3组（OCR）。采用3岁龄新西兰雌兔和4岁龄新西兰雄兔，作为Ⅱ型骨质疏松动物模型，随机分为空白对照组（Control）、葡萄糖酸钙组（Calcium）、葡萄糖酸钙＋1，25（OH）2D3组（CR）。所有实验动物行双侧桡骨骨折模型。OC组和Calcium组单纯给予葡萄糖酸钙，OCR组和CR组给予葡萄糖酸钙和1，25（OH）2D3。于给药后2、4、8周给各实验组拍骨折X线片，8周测定各实验组骨痂、腰椎的骨密度（BMD），对骨痂组织进行组织学观察。结果给药8周后，OCR组的X线评分、腰椎和骨痂骨密度均较OVX组和OC组显著升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。CR组的X线评分、腰椎和骨痂骨密度均较Control组和Calcium组显著升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论1，25（OH）2D3对Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型骨质疏松骨折愈合均有促进作用。     

1,25-二羟基维生素D3对原发性骨质疏松骨代谢的影响

目的探讨1，25-二羟基维生素D3[1，25（OH）2D3]对原发性骨质疏松骨代谢的影响。方法采用8月龄雌性新西兰兔，摘除双侧卵巢建立Ⅰ型骨质疏松模型，随机分为假手术组（Sham）、单纯去卵巢组（OVX）、葡萄糖酸钙组（OC）和葡萄糖酸钙＋1，25（OH）2D，组（OCR）。采用3岁龄新西兰雌兔和4岁龄新西兰雄兔，作为Ⅱ型骨质疏松动物模型，随机分为空白对照组（Control）、葡萄糖酸钙组（Calcium）、葡萄糖酸钙＋1，25（OH）2D3组（CR）。OC组和Calcium组单纯给予葡萄糖酸钙，OCR组和CR组给予葡萄糖酸钙和1，25（OH）2D3。给药8周后测定各实验组的骨代谢生化指标。结果给药8周后，在Ⅰ型骨质疏松模型中，OCR组的血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）均较OVX组和OC组显著升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），OCR组的BGP、尿Ca／Cr较OVX组和OC组明显降低（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。在Ⅱ型骨质疏松模型中，雌、雄性兔CR组的血钙、BGP、ALP均较Control组和Calcium组有显著性升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），尿Ca／Cr较其他两组明显下降（P〈0.05或P〈0．01）。结论1，25（OH）2D3对Ⅰ型骨质疏松症有降低骨转换，促进骨形成，抑制骨吸收的作用；对Ⅱ型骨质疏松症有提高骨转换，促进骨形成，抑制骨吸收的作用。     

去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松模型研究

[目的]采用骨生物力学、骨密度测定和骨形态计量等多种方法,综合评价成年去卵巢大鼠骨质丢失情况,从而建立理想的骨质疏松动物模型。[方法]取8月龄雌性wistar大鼠22只,随机分为去卵巢组（ovx组）和假手术对照组（sham组）各11只。[结果]与sham组比较,ovx组子宫显著缩小（P﹤0.01）;骨干重、灰重及钙含量与骨密度、骨抗弯力、骨小梁体积密度和宽度均明显降低（P﹤0.05或P﹤0.01）;成骨细胞指数和破骨细胞指数及尿羟脯氨酸则明显升高（P﹤0.05）。[结论]成年去卵巢大鼠12周后可造成典型类似临床绝经后高转化型骨质疏松动物模型,本模型可广泛用于骨质疏松症病因发病及防治研究。     

慢性铝中毒合并长期去卵巢对大鼠血清AGEs水平的影响

目的：探讨雌激素缺乏及合并慢性铝中毒对大鼠血清高级糖化物终末产物（AGEs）水平的影响。方法：将48只10月龄雌性大鼠随机分为4组：假手术组、卵巢切除组、卵巢切除合并慢性铝中毒组、卵巢切除合并慢性铝中毒和尼尔雌醇干预组。用切除双侧卵巢制造大鼠雌激素缺乏，用口服含AlCl3饲料制造慢性铝中毒。6个月后股动脉取血，测定血清AGEs和雌二醇（E2）含量，前者用荧光分光光度法测定，后者用放射免疫分析法测定。结果：和假手术组相比，长期卵巢切除后血清E2含量降低、血清AGEs含量升高（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）；和卵巢切除组相比，卵巢切除合并铝中毒后E2含量升高（经换算后仍呈现负值）、血清AGEs含量降低（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）：卵巢切除合并慢性铝中毒和尼尔雌醇干预组E2和AGEs都恢复到假手术组水平。结论：去卵巢后血清E2含量降低、血清AGEs含量升高，慢性铝中毒可以拮抗去卵巢大鼠血清AGEs含量升高和血清E2含量降低。     

维生素K_2和染料木黄酮对去势大鼠骨代谢的作用比较

目的维生素K2和染料木黄酮对去势大鼠的骨代谢作用比较。方法将雌性Wistar大鼠40只随机分为5组:假手术组,去势对照组、去势+雌激素组(己烯雌酚,20μg/kg.d)、去势+维生素K2(25 mg/kg.d)组、去势+染料木黄酮(25 mg/kg.d)组,每组8只。饲养3个月后处死,进行骨密度、骨组织形态学参数、血清骨钙素和尿脱氧吡啶啉含量的测定。结果与假手术组相比,去势组大鼠股骨骨密度显著降低、骨小梁体积和密度减少、骨小梁间隙增大,血清骨钙素和尿脱氧吡啶啉含量明显增高;与去势组相比,维生素K2和染料木黄酮组骨小梁体积和密度增加,股骨骨密度无显著变化;维生素K2组骨小梁间隙减少,而染料木黄酮组无显著变化;维生素K2和染料木黄酮组尿脱氧吡啶啉含量明显降低。结论维生素K2和染料木黄酮通过抑制骨吸收,减少去势大鼠骨小梁骨量丢失,预防骨质疏松的发生。但维生素K2可减少骨小梁间隙,而染料木黄酮无此作用。因此,维生素K2预防骨质疏松作用强于染料木黄酮。     

不同月龄雄性大鼠生化指标及颌骨、股骨骨形态计量变化的研究

目的 观察不同月龄雄性大鼠生化指标及颌骨、股骨骨形态计量的变化,探讨αD3对老年大鼠颌骨、股骨骨形态计量的影响.方法 将6周、6月及24月雄性wistar大鼠60只,分为四组.甲组：6周,15只;乙组：6个月,15只;丙组：24个月,15只;丁组：24个月＋αD3组,15只.其中丁组按αD3 0.05 μg/（kg·d）溶于谷物油灌胃,隔天一次,每周3次,连续10周.颈总动脉取血测碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、酸性磷酸酶（Tracp5b）、骨钙素（BGP）、睾酮（T）.取左侧颌骨、股骨测骨组织形态测量.结果 生化指标：（1）与6周相比,6月龄、24月龄、24月＋αD3组ALP、BGP随月龄增长明显下降[（87.30±12.22）mmol/L VS（257.20±92.26）mmol/L,（55.23±18.18）mmol/L VS（257.20±92.26）mmol/L,（46.17±16.6）mmol/L VS（257.20±92.26 mmol/L）;（4.37±1.46）ng/L VS（9.03±2.04）ng/L,（3.80±1.00）ng/L VS（9.03±2.04）ng/L,（3.59±0.64）ng/L VS（9.03±2.04）ng/L,P〈0.05];（2）与6月组相比,24个月及24个月＋αD组TRACP5b随月龄增长明显增加[（15.69±1.62）pg/L VS（7.26±2.13）pg/L,（14.16±1.88）pg/L VS（7.26 ±2.13）Pg/L,P〈0.05];（3）T水平随月龄增长下降,但组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.睾酮与颌骨松质骨面积呈正相关（r=0.52）;（4）BGP与ALP呈正相关（r=0.58,P〈0.01）,与.TRACPSb呈负相关（r=-0.49,P〈0.01）.骨形态计量指标：（1）与6周组相比,24月龄、24月＋αD3组股骨骨小梁面积明显增加[（220310.6±76360.50）μm2 VS（105093.5±73242.2）μm2,（293085.9±68230.78）μm2 VS（105093.5±73242.2）μm2,P〈0.05];（2）颌骨24月组较与6月组比较,骨小梁宽度增加53%,但骨小梁间隔增加123%;（3）24月＋αD3组较24月龄颌骨骨小梁面积增加33%.结论 随月龄增长骨形成生化指标明显下降,骨吸收指标明显升高;睾酮与颌骨松质骨面积正相关;药物αD3有促进颌骨、股骨骨量的作用.     

强直性脊柱炎合并骨质疏松的临床研究

目的 探讨强直性脊柱炎（AS）患者合并骨质疏松症（OP）情况及其与骨代谢、疾病活动性等的关系.方法 ELISA法检测60例AS患者血清骨代谢指标骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（BALP）、抗酒石酸盐酸性磷酸酶异构体5b（TRACP5b）水平,并与正常对照比较;采用双能X线吸收法（DXA）测定腰椎前后位（L2-L4）、双侧股骨颈、大转子的骨密度（BMD）,并与临床指标进行相关分析.结果 60例AS患者OP发生率为35.0%;股骨近端OP发生率明显高于腰椎;AS组[（1.31±O.82）U/L]较正常对照组[（1.06±0.18）U/L]血清TRACP5b水平显著升高（P〈0.05）;AS合并OP者血清BALP水平[（21.65±5.41）U/L]低于非OP者[（32.37±16.5）U/L]（P〈0.05）;股骨近端BMD与病程呈负相关（P〈0.01）.结论 AS患者存在较高的OP发生率,继发OP与骨代谢异常及病程相关,是多因素共同影响的结果.     

鹿骨粉治疗大鼠卵巢摘除后所致的骨质疏松

目的:探讨鹿骨粉对卵巢摘除后骨质疏松症(0P)大鼠骨微结构及骨矿物质的影响.方法:Wistar大鼠行双侧卵巢摘除术,采用X线摄片确认发生OP之后,将模型大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、鹿骨粉低剂量(200 mg/kg)组(鹿骨粉低剂量组)、鹿骨粉中剂量(400 mg/kg)组(鹿骨粉中剂量组)、鹿骨粉高剂量(800 mg/kg)组(鹿骨粉高剂量组)、葡萄糖酸钙(160 mg/kg)组(葡萄糖酸钙组).术后模型大鼠给药治疗4个月后,利用X线摄片观察骨质微结构,采用小动物成像仪获取股骨全段骨密度(BMD)值,应用生化分析仪及ELISA试剂盒检测血清中钙、镁、磷离子浓度以及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRACP)含量.结果:与模型组比较,鹿骨粉低剂量组、鹿骨粉中剂量组、鹿骨粉高剂量组和葡萄糖酸钙组股骨骨松质减少,骨密质和骨小梁增多,股骨各段BMD均增高,钙、镁离子浓度增高、磷离子浓度以及ALP、TRACP含量降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:鹿骨粉改善卵巢摘除所致的骨质微结构及血清学指标的变化,提示其能够预防及治疗雌激素下降所致的OP.     

Effect of genistein on insulin resistance,renal lipid metabolism,and antioxidative activities in ovariectomized rats

ObjectivesPostmenopausal women develop obesity, insulin resistance, and potentially renal dysfunction because of decreased serum estrogen levels. We investigated the effects of genistein, an estrogen-like compound thought to exert antioxidative effects, on insulin resistance, renal lipid accumulation, and oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats.MethodsThree weeks after an ovariectomy or a sham surgery, rats were put on a high-fat diet containing 0% or 0.1% genistein for 4 wk. We examined the following treatment groups: sham surgery + high-fat diet (sham), ovariectomy + high-fat diet (OVX), and ovariectomy + high-fat diet with 0.1% genistein (OVX + G).ResultsThe OVX + G group had increased serum estradiol levels and renal expression of estrogen receptors-α and -β compared with the OVX group. OVX + G rats showed decreases in serum insulin levels and the insulin resistance index. OVX + G rats also exhibited decreased renal triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels, which may have been the result of decreased sterol response element binding protein-1 and -2 expressions, and increased adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter-1 and adiponectin receptor expression. The observed increases in renal lipid levels and serum and renal transforming growth factor-β in OVX rats may be associated with the increased expression of extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin, and the decreased activity of metalloproteinase-2, an extracellular matrix–degrading enzyme. Ovariectomy also induced oxidative stress by the reduction of antioxidative enzymes, whereas genistein reversed these detrimental ovariectomy-induced effects.ConclusionGenistein may help to maintain normal kidney function through the alleviation of many ovariectomy-induced risk factors for renal damage, including an increased insulin resistance index, renal oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, and extracellular matrix protein expression.     

运动加强尼尔雌醇对去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢的影响效应

用测定骨元素含量的方法,观察运动和尼尔雌醇(CCE3)联合应用对去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢的影响。将健康4月龄雌性SD大鼠40只,用抽签法随机分成5组:正常对照组;假手术组;去卵巢组;去卵巢+CCE3组;去卵巢+CCE3+运动组。去卵巢+CCE3组和去卵巢+CCE3+运动组大鼠于去卵巢手术后第2 d开始给予CCE3灌胃,0.5 mg/(kg.BW),1次/w,持续11周。去卵巢+CCE3+运动组于去卵巢术后第7 d开始运动训练,每周5 d,每天连续匀速跑45 min,16 m/min,跑道倾角0°,持续10周。结果表明,去卵巢组大鼠骨Ca、S、Mg、Zn、Co、Mn等元素含量均明显低于假去卵巢组,骨P含量明显高于假去卵巢组;去卵巢+CCE3组大鼠骨Ca、S、Mg、Zn、Co、Mn等元素含量虽然较去卵巢组明显增加,但仍显著低于假去卵巢组;运动与CCE3联合应用后,去卵巢大鼠骨Ca、S、Mg、Zn、Co、Mn等元素含量均显著回升,骨P含量显著回降,并且基本恢复到对照组水平。提示运动可加强CCE3对抗由于去卵巢引起的大鼠骨元素代谢紊乱。     

Genistein reduced insulin resistance index through modulating lipid metabolism in ovariectomized rats

Postmenopausal women are at higher risk for obesity and insulin resistance due to the decline of estrogen, but genistein, a phytoestrogen, may reduce the risks of these diet-related diseases. In this study, we hypothesized that supplemental genistein has beneficial effects on insulin resistance in an ovariectomized rat model by modulating lipid metabolism. Three weeks after a sham surgery (sham) or an ovariectomy (OVX), ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a diet containing 0 (OVX group) or 0.1% genistein for 4 weeks. The sham rats were fed a high-fat diet containing 0% genistein and served as the control group (sham group). The ovariectomized rats showed increases in body weight and insulin resistance index, but genistein reduced insulin resistance index and the activity of hepatic fatty acid synthetase. Genistein was also associated with increased activity of succinate dehydrogenase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase and the rate of β-oxidation in the fat tissue of rats. The ovariectomized rats given genistein had smaller-sized adipocytes. Using gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of microarray data, we found that a number of gene sets of fatty acid metabolism, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress were differentially expressed by OVX and reversed by genistein. This systemic approach of GSEA enables the identification of such consensus between the gene expression changes and phenotypic changes caused by OVX and genistein supplementation. Genistein treatment could help reduce insulin resistance through the amelioration of OVX-induced metabolic dysfunction, and the GSEA approach may be useful in proposing putative targets related to insulin resistance.     

雌激素对去卵巢雌性大鼠子宫壁NPY-IRF的影响

目的:用SABC免疫组织化学染色法结合定量数据分析,探讨雌激素对去势雌性大鼠子宫壁神经肽Y免疫反应神经纤维(neuropeptide Y-immunoreactivity nerve fibers,NPY-IRF)的影响。方法:雌性SD大鼠分为假手术对照组(SHAM)、卵巢切除后4周组(OVX1)、卵巢切除后8周组(OVX2)、卵巢切除后肌注苯甲酸雌二醇4周组(OVX+E1)、卵巢切除后肌注苯甲酸雌二醇8周组(OVX+E2),共5组,每组10只,用SABC免疫组织化学染色法观察子宫壁NPY-IRF表达,实验数据进行统计学分析。结果:①OVX+E2组、SHAM组,NPY-IRF长,分支多;OVX+E1组NPY-IRF较长,分支较多;OVX1组及OVX2组,NPY-IRF较短,分支较少;②NPY-IRF表达概括为:OVX+E2组及SHAM组>OVX+E1组>OVX1组>OVX2组,P<0.05;OVX+E2组NPY-IRF表达与SHAM组相比差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。结论:子宫壁NPY-IRF的表达与雌激素水平呈正相关,雌激素水平高时,其表达增多;反之,则少。外源性雌激素对子宫壁NPY-IRF也有作用,但外源性雌激素是否能完全取代内源性雌激素还有待进一步研究。     

运动对去卵巢大鼠骨矿含量和骨密度的影响

目的观察运动对去卵巢大鼠骨矿含量（bone mineral contant,简称BMC）和骨密度（bone mineral den-sity,简称BMD）的影响。方法雌性（sprague daivley,简称SD）大鼠随机分为正常对照组（SHAM）、去卵巢手术对照组（OVX）、雌激素治疗组（OVX＋ES）、运动组（OVX＋ET）。SHAM组行假手术,其余各组行双侧卵巢切除术,术后75天开始为期3个月的治疗。OVX＋ES组用尼尔雌醇治疗,OVX＋ET组按要求进行运动。治疗结束后检测股骨和胫骨的BMC和BMD。结果股骨BMD比较,SHAM组（0．206±0．009）高于OVX组（0．196±0．012）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;胫骨BMC比较,OVX＋ET组（0．298士0．033）高于OVX组（0．260±0．033）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;胫骨BMD比较,0VX组比其它3组均低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;运动明显提高去卵巢大鼠胫骨的BMC和BMD,运动在提高胫骨BMD方面的功效优干激素疗法．结诊运动对绝经后骨盾疏凇症的形成有一定干预作用。     

氟化钠对去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢的影响

用测定骨元素含量的方法,分析氟化钠(NaF)对去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢的影响。将健康4月龄雌性SD大鼠24只,用抽签法随机分成4组:正常对照组、假去卵巢组、去卵巢组、去卵巢+NaF组。去卵巢+NaF组大鼠于去卵巢手术后第2 d开始给予NaF溶液灌胃,1 mg/(kg.BW),1次/d,持续11周。结果表明,去卵巢大鼠骨Ca、、Mg、Zn、Co、Mn等元素含量显著降低,骨P含量增加。NaF可使去卵巢大鼠降低的骨Ca、S、Mg、Co、Mn等元素含量回升,骨P含量回降。NaF可纠正去卵巢大鼠所致的骨元素代谢紊乱。     

运动加强氟化钠对去卵巢大鼠骨矿盐代谢的影响效应

用测定骨矿盐含量的方法,观察运动对氟化钠(NaF)抗去卵巢大鼠骨矿盐丢失的影响效应。将健康4月龄雌性SD大鼠30只,用抽签法随机分成5组:正常对照组;假去卵巢组;去卵巢组;去卵巢+NaF组;去卵巢+NaF+运动组。去卵巢+NaF组和去卵巢+NaF+运动组大鼠于去卵巢手术后第2 d开始给予NaF溶液灌胃,0.5 mg/(kg.BW),1次/d,持续11周。去卵巢+NaF+运动组于去卵巢术后第7 d开始运动训练,每周5 d,每天连续匀速跑45 min,16 m/min,跑道倾角0°,持续10周。结果表明,去卵巢组大鼠骨干重、骨干重/体重、骨灰重、骨灰重/体重、骨灰重/骨干重(%)均明显低于假去卵巢组;去卵巢+NaF组大鼠骨干重、骨干重/体重、骨灰重、骨灰重/体重、骨灰重/骨干重(%)等指标虽然较去卵巢组增加,但仍显著低于假去卵巢组;NaF半量与运动联合应用后,上述各指标均显著回升,并且基本恢复到对照组水平。提示运动可加强NaF抗去卵巢大鼠骨矿物盐丢失的作用。     

运动与复方丹参合剂联合应用对去卵巢大鼠骨矿盐代谢的影响

用测定骨矿盐含量的方法,观察运动和复方丹参合剂(compound Danshen mixture,CDM)联合应用对去卵巢大鼠骨矿盐代谢的影响。将健康4月龄雌性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠48只,按体重随机分成6组:正常对照组;假去卵巢组;去卵巢组;去卵巢+CDM组;去卵巢+运动组;去卵巢+CDM+运动组。去卵巢+CDM组和去卵巢+CDM+运动组大鼠于去卵巢手术后第2 d开始给予CDM溶液灌胃,10 ml/(kg·d),持续11周。去卵巢+运动组和去卵巢+CDM+运动组大鼠于去卵巢术后第7 d开始给予中等强度的运动训练,每周5 d,每天连续匀速跑45 min,16 m/min,跑道倾角0°,持续10周。结果表明,去卵巢组大鼠骨干重、骨干重/体重、骨灰重、骨灰重/体重、骨灰重占骨干重百分比等指标均低于假去卵巢组(P0.01);去卵巢+复方丹参合剂组和去卵巢+运动组大鼠骨干重、骨干重/体重、骨灰重、骨灰重/体重、骨灰重占骨干重百分比等指标虽然较去卵巢组增加(P0.05或P0.01),但仍低于假去卵巢组(P0.05或P0.01);去卵巢+复方丹参合剂+运动组大鼠骨干重、骨干重/体重、骨灰重、骨灰重/体重、骨灰重占骨干重百分比等指标均高于去卵巢+复方丹参合剂组和去卵巢+运动组(P0.05或P0.01)。提示运动可加强复方丹参合剂抗去卵巢大鼠骨矿盐丢失的作用。     

氟化钠对去卵巢大鼠骨矿盐代谢的影响

用测定骨矿盐含量的方法,分析氟化钠(NaF)对去卵巢大鼠骨矿盐代谢的影响。将健康4月龄雌性SD大鼠24只,用抽签法随机分成4组:正常对照组、假去卵巢组、去卵巢组、去卵巢+NaF组。去卵巢+NaF组大鼠于去卵巢手术后第2 d开始给予NaF溶液灌胃,1 mg/(kg.BW),1次/d,持续11周。结果表明,去卵巢组大鼠骨干重、骨干重/体重、骨灰重、骨灰重/体重、骨灰重/骨干重(%)均明显低于假去卵巢组(P<0.01);去卵巢+NaF组大鼠骨干重、骨干重/体重、骨灰重、骨灰重/体重、骨灰重/骨干重(%)均较去卵巢组增加(P<0.01)。提示NaF对抗由于去卵巢所引起的骨矿盐含量降低在防治骨质疏松中起重要作用。     

Short- and long-term effects of calcium and exercise on bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats

At the level of prevention of bone mineral loss produced by ovariectomy, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect produced by supplementation of Ca in the diet and a moderate exercise programme (treadmill), simultaneously or separately, in ovariectomized rats, an experimental model of postmenopausal bone loss. Female Wistar rats (n 110, 15 weeks old) were divided into five groups: (1) OVX, rats ovariectomized at 15 weeks of age, fed a standard diet; (2) SHAM, rats sham operated at 15 weeks of age, fed a standard diet; (3) OVX-EX, ovariectomized rats, fed a standard diet and performing the established exercise programme; (4) OVX-Ca, ovariectomized rats fed a diet supplemented with Ca; (5) OVX-EXCa, ovariectomized rats with the exercise programme and diet supplemented with Ca. The different treatments were initiated 1 week after ovariectomy and were continued for 13 weeks for subgroup 1 and 28 weeks for subgroup 2, to look at the interaction of age and time passed from ovariectomy on the treatments. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined, at the end of the study, in the lumbar spine (L2, L3 and L4) and in the left femur using a densitometer. Bone turnover was also estimated at the end of the study, measuring the serum formation marker total alkaline phosphatase (AP) and the resorption marker serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). As expected, OVX rats showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in BMD, more pronounced in subgroup 2, and a significant increase in AP and TRAP with regard to their respective SHAM group. The simultaneous treatment with Ca and exercise produced the best effects on lumbar and femoral BMD of ovariectomized rats, partially avoiding bone loss produced by ovariectomy, although it was not able to fully maintain BMD levels of intact animals. This combined treatment produced a significant increase in AP, both in subgroups 1 and 2, and a decrease in TRAP in subgroup 1, with regard to OVX group. The exercise treatment alone was able to produce an increase in BMD with regard to OVX group only in subgroup 1 of rats (younger animals and less time from ovariectomy), but not in subgroup 2. In agreement with this, there was an increase of AP in both subgroups, lower than that observed in animals submitted to exercise plus Ca supplement, and a decrease of TRAP in subgroup 1, without significant changes in this marker in the older rats. Ca treatment did not produce any significant effect on BMD in OVX rats in both subgroups of animals, showing a decrease of AP and TRAP levels in the younger animals with no significant variations in markers of bone remodelling in the older female rats compared with their respective OVX group.