波棱瓜子的原植物和显微鉴别研究

目的:为藏药波棱瓜子的药材鉴定提供依据。方法:应用粉末制片、徒手切片和石蜡切片进行研究,找出组织和粉末特征。结果:商品调查表明,波棱瓜子各地用药品种基本一致,但也有用木鳖子、王瓜、西藏赤等葫芦科其他属植物种子误作波棱瓜子的情况。结论:通过药材性状、组织、粉末特     

藏药波棱瓜伪品西藏赤瓟子、苦瓜子的鉴别

目的:为波棱瓜子药材鉴定提供科学依据.方法:采用徒手切片、粉末刺片等常规生药学方法进行显微组织观察.结果:对藏药波棱瓜伪品西藏赤瓟子、苦瓜子进行了详细的形态组织学研究,发现西藏赤瓟子、苦瓜子种皮具大小两种石细胞,不具栅状石细胞;西藏赤瓟子种皮表皮细胞呈栅状,苦瓜子种皮表皮细胞不呈栅状.伪品与正品波棱瓜比较有较大差别.结论:从药材性状及显微特征上能将波棱瓜正伪品予以准确区分,并为西藏赤瓟子、苦瓜子的鉴别提供了科学依据.     

藏药波棱瓜子的文献查考

通过对古代、现代藏医药文献的考察整理研究,发现波棱瓜子早在公元8世纪就有应用。文献记载表明,古今用药种类基本一致,少有混乱。但也有用木鳖子、王瓜、西藏赤爬等葫芦科其他属植物种子误作波棱瓜子的情况。为藏药波棱瓜子的开发和临床应用提供了参考依据。     

藏药波棱瓜子的文献查考

通过对古代、现代藏医药文献的考察整理研究,发现波棱瓜子早在公元8世纪就有应用。文献记载表明,古今用药种类基本一致,少有混乱。但也有用木鳖子、王瓜、西藏赤等葫芦科其他属植物种子误作波棱瓜子的情况。为藏药波棱瓜子的开发和临床应用提供了参考依据。藏药波棱瓜子的文献查考@李隆云 @德吉拉姆 @卫莹芳 @钟国跃     

藏药波棱瓜子RP-HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:研究藏药波棱瓜子RP-HPLC指纹图谱,为科学评价及有效控制其质量奠定基础。方法:采用梯度洗脱的方法进行色谱分离,测定了10批不同产地批次的波棱瓜子样品。结果:不同批次产地的波棱瓜子药材指纹图谱相似度较好,10批样品得到的色谱指纹图谱有36个共有峰。结论:采用RP-HPLC方法控制药材的指纹图谱,方法重现性好,用于波棱瓜子的质量评价切实可行。不同产地批次波棱瓜子药材化学组成相似,其相对比例较稳定。     

波棱瓜子多糖含量测定方法研究

目的:建立波棱瓜子多糖的含量测定方法,并测定不同产地波棱瓜子药材中多糖的含量。方法:采用水提醇沉法提取多糖,以葡萄糖标准液绘制标准曲线,用苯酚-硫酸法测定波棱瓜子多糖的含量,通过单因素实验,对显色条件进行优选,并对该法的精密度、加样回收率等进行了研究。结果:优化后的测定条件为显色波长488nm,5%苯酚的用量0.2mL、浓硫酸用量4.0mL、60℃水浴15min。该条件下,平均加样回收率为100.74%,RSD=2.23%,测得不同产地波棱瓜子药材中多糖含量为1.15%~2.16%。结论:该含量测定方法准确、简便、经济,适用于波棱瓜子多糖的含量测定。     

藏药复方八味獐芽菜的性味、配伍研究

目的:对藏药复方八味獐芽菜组成药材的味、性、效、入方率及其药对的入方率进行分析。方法:采用文献法查阅资料,整理,归纳,统计,总结。结果:8种组成药材均味苦、性寒,入方率由高至低的顺序为木香、榜嘎、波棱瓜子、兔耳草、獐芽菜、小檗皮、角茴香、岩参。比较了672个藏药方剂,发现药对獐芽菜-波棱瓜子、獐芽菜-木香、獐芽菜-兔耳草、獐芽菜-榜嘎、波棱瓜子-榜嘎、波棱瓜子-榜嘎的入方率在2%以上。结论:入方率越高,说明该药材或药对的使用率越高,越常用。木香药对的入方率远低于木香单味药材的入方率,这可能是由于木香多作为仅起抑菌作用的辅药入药。     

四齿四棱草的生药学鉴别

目的:对四齿四棱草进行生药学研究。方法:对四齿四棱草原植物的基原进行鉴定,并采用石蜡切片、徒手切片、粉末制片及薄层色谱鉴定等方法,对显微结构和薄层进行鉴别。结果:描述了植物的形态学特征、确定了药材的主要鉴别特征,建立了薄层色谱鉴别方法。结论:该研究可为四齿四棱草药材质量标准的制定及资源的开发利用提供理论依据。     

藏药波棱瓜子药理活性及其在藏药方中应用研究进展

目的:综述藏药波棱瓜子的药理活性及其在藏药方中的应用研究。方法:采用文献法、比较法和归纳法。结果:作为治疗肝胆疾病的常用藏药材,波棱瓜子具有良好的抗氧化、保肝利胆、抗缺氧、致腹泻等药理活性,藏医临床用于治疗赤巴病、肝病、胆病及消化不良等症。常配以多味其他药材组成药方,用于清热解毒、疏肝利胆、健胃消食、温胃止吐、利尿、化瘀、愈溃疡、止痛、消炎、防疫等。查阅千余个藏药方,归纳出以波棱瓜子入方的计48方,大致分为清肝利胆、健胃消食、利尿、化瘀、愈溃疡、消炎等6类。结论:藏药波棱瓜子中含有多种活性成分,且具有显著的保肝利胆药理活性,拥有广阔的研究空间和应用前景。     

波棱瓜子化学成分及抗肝病研究概况

波棱瓜子是传统纯天然药物的藏药材,主要含有木脂素、香豆素、萜类、甾体、生物碱、有机酸等多种化学成分,其广泛分布于中国的西南部,尼泊尔和印度东北部等地。从国内外对波棱瓜子的化学成分、抗肝病药理作用进行概述,对于波棱瓜子系统的化学成分分析、新化合物的发现以及化学成分的药理作用研究具有重要的参考价值,为该药材的深入研究和合理利用提供参考依据。     

Metabolomics Reveals that Momordica charantia Attenuates Metabolic Changes in Experimental Obesity

Momordica charantia L., also known as bitter melon, has been shown to ameliorate obesity and insulin resistance. However, metabolic changes regulated by M. charantia in obesity are not clearly understood. In this study, serums obtained from obese and M. charantia‐treated mice were analyzed by using gas and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and multivariate statistical analysis was performed by Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. The results from this study indicated that body weight fat and insulin levels of obese mice are dramatically suppressed by 8 weeks of dietary supplementation of M. charantia. Metabolomic data revealed that overproductions of energy and nutrient metabolism in obese mice were restored by M. charantia treatment. The antiinflammatory and inhibition of insulin resistance effect of M. charantia in obesity was illustrated with the restoration of free fatty acids and eicosanoids. The findings achieved in this study further strengthen the therapeutic value of using M. charantia to treat obesity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Momordica charantia Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Dyslipidemia with Altered Hepatic Glucose Production and Fatty Acid Synthesis and AMPK Phosphorylation in High‐fat‐fed Mice

Momordica charantia Linn. (Cucurbitaceae) fruit is commonly known as bitter melon. C57BL/6J mice were firstly divided randomly into two groups: the control (CON) group was fed with a low‐fat diet, whereas the experimental group was fed a 45% high‐fat (HF) diet for 8 weeks. Afterwards, the CON group was treated with vehicle, whereas the HF group was subdivided into five groups and still on HF diet and was given orally M. charantia extract (MCE) or rosiglitazone (Rosi) or not for 4 weeks. M. charantia decreased the weights of visceral fat and caused glucose lowering. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a major cellular regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism. MCE significantly increases the hepatic protein contents of AMPK phosphorylation by 126.2–297.3% and reduces expression of phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose production. Most importantly, MCE decreased expression of hepatic 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydroxygenase (11beta‐HSD1) gene, which contributed in attenuating diabetic state. Furthermore, MCE lowered serum triglycerides (TGs) by inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthesis by dampening sterol response element binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase mRNA leading to reduction in TGs synthesis. This study demonstrates M. charantia ameliorates diabetic and hyperlipidemic state in HF‐fed mice occurred by regulation of hepatic PEPCK, 11beta‐HSD1 and AMPK phosphorylation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

苦瓜水提取物对高脂血症小鼠的降血脂作用研究

目的:探讨苦瓜水提取物对高脂血症模型小鼠的降血脂作用.方法:高脂饲养建立高脂血症小鼠模型,随机分成4组,即苦瓜水提取物高、低剂量组(30,10 g·kg-1)、左旋肉碱(1 g·kg-1)组、模型组,另取同步饲养的正常小鼠作为空白对照组,每组10只.连续灌胃给药4周后,眼眶后静脉丛取血,分离血清,检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)含量;计算肝脏指数,HE染色观察肝脏组织形态学改变.结果:与模型组比较,各给药组小鼠血清TC,TG含量和肝脏指数均明显降低(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01),其中苦瓜水提取物高剂量组小鼠血清TC,TG含量和肝脏指数,与模型组差异非常显著(P＜0.01);肝组织染色结果显示苦瓜水提取物能明显减少高脂血症小鼠肝脏的脂肪沉积.结论:苦瓜水提取物具有良好的降血脂作用.     

山苦瓜化学成分及药理作用的研究进展

山苦瓜Momordica charantia var. abbreviata是苦瓜的野生变种,属于药食同源物质,具有重要的食用与保健功能,常被用作保健食品和民间医药。现代药理学表明,山苦瓜的活性成分和药理作用比苦瓜显著,主要化学成分包括皂苷类、酚类、脂肪酸和丰富的微量元素与矿物质,具有抗糖尿病、抗炎、抗菌、抗癌和抗氧化等多种药理作用。全面概述山苦瓜的化学成分和药理作用,为山苦瓜的开发利用提供理论基础,以期获得更好的实用价值。     

Neuroprotective effect of Momordica charantia in global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion induced neuronal damage in diabetic mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) fruits have been used traditionally for centuries, especially for treating diabetes and associated complications.

Aim of the study

The present study was performed to evaluate neuroprotective effect of lyophilized M. charantia fruit juice against global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion induced neuronal injury in diabetic mice.

Materials and methods

Global cerebral ischemia induced by occluding both common carotid arteries for 10 min followed by 24 h reperfusion was used to induce neuronal injury. Ischemia-reperfusion induced neuronal injury was evaluated in terms of cerebral infarct size, generation of free radicals measured as thiobarbaturic acid reactive substances (TBARS), and neurological functions measured as short term memory and motor activity.

Results

The cerebral oxidative stress and damage, and neurological deficits were dose dependently attenuated by pre-treatment with the lyophilized M. charantia juice (200-800 mg/kg, p.o., o.d.). Moreover, M. charantia also exhibited dose dependent antihyperglycemic activity in diabetic mice.

Conclusions

These results suggest that M. charantia has potent neuroprotective activity against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion induced neuronal injury and consequent neurological deficits in diabetic mice.     

Immunomodulatory activities of some Turkish medicinal plants

The extracts of Arctium minus, Ecballium elaterium, Momordica charantia, Plantago major, Urtica dioica and Viscum album used for various disorders in Anatolia were investigated in vitro for their neutrophil chemotactic and intracellular killing activities by Boyden migration chamber and nitrozoblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction tests, respectively. The extracts of Arctium minus, Momordica charantia, Urtica dioica and Viscum album were statistically active in chemotaxis and random migration tests. Also, the extracts of Urtica dioica seeds and leaves are suggested as possibly useful for patients suffering from neutrophil function deficiency. On the other hand, NBT results indicated that the extracts of Arctium minus, Ecballium elaterium and Viscum album have the ability to reduce active radicals suggesting that these extracts are also valuable in the medical treatment of some diseases associated with free radical damage. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

延迟播期对西藏赤瓟产量构成的影响

目的 明确雌雄异株植物西藏赤瓟Thladiantha setispina在环境胁迫下的响应差异以及环境因素对西藏赤瓟结实和产量的影响。方法 通过对比研究不同播期处理对田间西藏赤瓟雌株率、果实性状以及种子产量的影响。结果 不同播期对西藏赤瓟雌雄株分化影响显著,适当延后播期可以显著地提高西藏赤瓟的雌株比例（P＜0.01）;播期对西藏赤瓟的结实性能的影响程度比较有限,不同播期处理间西藏赤瓟果实单果平均鲜质量、干质量及干物质量差异并不显著（P＞0.05）,但播期对西藏赤瓟产量构成相关指标却有着直接影响,处理间产量差异达到极显著水平（P＜0.01）。结论 适当延后播期,有利于提高西藏赤瓟种子产量。     

蒙古黄芪种子带菌检测及种衣剂处理

目的 通过检测蒙古黄芪种子外部携带真菌孢子数和内部携带真菌种类,筛选适合蒙古黄芪种子的专用种衣剂。方法 采用离体平皿法检测不同地区采集的10批蒙古黄芪种子外部真菌孢子数和内部携带真菌种类,对所携带的真菌进行分离、纯化和鉴定;采用发芽盒及马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基平皿培养基法检验4个常用种衣剂组合对蒙古黄芪种子的抑菌效果。结果 不同批次蒙古黄芪种子外部携带真菌孢子负荷量差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,以甘肃省陇西县最多、山西省五寨县最少;蒙古黄芪种子内部主要携带青霉属、链格孢菌属等真菌。不同产地种子适用的种衣剂配方不同。满益佳种衣剂+锐胜种衣剂对甘肃省陇西县蒙古黄芪种子的抑菌效果较佳,但对甘肃省民乐县、青海省互助县、山西省五寨县种子的抑菌效果较差;利农种衣剂+锐胜种衣剂、顶苗新种衣剂+锐胜种衣剂对山西省应县、甘肃省民乐县、青海省互助县蒙古黄芪种子的抑菌效果较佳,但对其他产地种子抑菌效果较差。结论 不同产地黄芪种子适用种衣剂配方不同,研究结果为开发不同产地蒙古黄芪种子专用种衣剂提供了参考。