无症状脑梗死患者的乙酰唑胺脑负荷显像

目的探讨乙酰唑胺介入一日法脑负荷显像在无症状脑梗死(SCI)中的应用价值.方法对照组7例,无症状脑梗死(SCI)患者18例,进行一日法乙酰唑胺负荷和静息99Tcm-双半胱乙酯脑血流显像.所有受检者均有CT或MRI结果.对负荷和静息显像进行半定量分析,在大脑皮质设置350个方型感兴趣区(ROI),结合负荷和静息显像分4种类型A型静息与负荷显像局部脑血流量(rCBF)都正常;B型静息时rCBF正常,负荷时出现血流灌注减低;C1型静息时rCBF减低,负荷后无改变;C2型静息时即出现rCBF减少,负荷后rCBF降低更明显;D型静息时rCBF减低,负荷后rCBF有改善.结果对照组98个ROI中,A型96个,B型2个;SCI组252个ROI中,A型198个,B型9个,C1型5个,C2型6个,D型34个.对照组负荷后脑血流平均增加(32.50±3.56)%,SCI组病变半球负荷后血流平均增加(24.18±4.85)%(t=12.39,P<0.01).结论乙酰唑胺负荷脑血流显像可评价SCI患者脑血管储备功能,一日法脑负荷显像简便、安全.     

运动201Tl肺/心比值对高血压合并冠状动脉疾病的临床价值

目的评价运动201Tl肺/心比值对高血压合并冠状动脉疾病(CAD)患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的诊断价值及其与左室舒张功能的相关性.方法 19例正常对照者.102例经冠状动脉造影确诊的CAD患者,分为3组无高血压、高血压无心肌肥厚和高血压心肌肥厚组.受检者均行运动-延迟心肌灌注断层显像,取运动断层显像上的前位显像计算肺/心比值.结果无高血压组(0.43±0.09,t=3.01)、高血压无心肌肥厚组(0.42±0.12,t=2.10)和高血压心肌肥厚组(0.47±0.09,t=4.76)的肺/心比值均较对照组(0.36±0.05,P<0.05～0.01)显著为高,但3组间相比差异均无显著性(P均>0.05);上述3组单支和多支病变的肺/心比值分别为0.40±0.09和0.46±0.10、0.38±0.11和0.48±0.12及0.46±0.11和0.48±0.10.前2组单支与多支相比差异均有显著性(P均<0.05),后组差异无显著性(P>0.05);3组患者肺/心比值≥0.45时对多支病变的诊断灵敏度和特异性分别为82%和75%、90%和75%及40%和45%.无高血压组(r=0.402,P<0.01)和高血压无心肌肥厚组(r=0.408,P<0.05)的肺/心比值与半定量评分均呈显著正相关,但高血压心肌肥厚组(r=0.114,P>0.05)与半定量评分无相关性.无高血压组(r=-0.413,P<0.01)、高血压心肌肥厚组(r=-0.662,P<0.01)和高血压无心肌肥厚组的肺/心比值(r=-0.408,P<0.05)与早期(E)和晚期(A)充盈速率比值均呈显著负相关.结论运动肺/心比值对伴和不伴高血压CAD患者的冠状动脉多支病变及左室舒张功能异常均有较好的诊断价值,但对高血压心肌肥厚CAD患者多支病变的诊断价值不大.     

13N-NH3 PET脑血流灌注显像诊断缺血性脑血管病变

目的探讨13N-NH3 PET脑血流灌注显像对缺血性脑血管病变的诊断价值.方法对5例健康志愿者,20例缺血性脑血管病变患者静脉注射13N-NH3 740～925 MBq,3～5 min后行T+E 二维方式脑血流灌注显像.图像分析采用视图分析和脑皮质标准摄取值(SUV)半定量分析,镜像比值法测量左/右两侧相应脑区SUV比值(SUV_r).其中9例短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)行乙酰唑胺(ACZ)脑负荷试验,观察口服ACZ前后脑区影像、SUV和SUV_r变化.结果正常左/右脑区平均SUV_r为0.99±0.15,患侧/健侧(L/N)比值<0.85为稀疏区,<0.7为缺损区.13例TIA 13 N-NH3 PET显像示7例阳性,8例行MRI 2例阳性,6例行CT 1例阳性.7例TIA13N-NH3 PET显像阳性患者发现29个缺血灶,平均SUV 1.78±0.41,低于对照组(2.51±0.52,t=8.78,P<0.05).脑梗死(CI)患者共发现13个梗死灶,平均SUV 1.05±0.23,明显低于对照组和TIA组(t=5.9,P<0.001).9例ACZ脑负荷试验,缺血灶由静息29处增至35处,检出率提高17.1%;TIA阳性率由53.8%提高到62.5%;静息平均SUV_r为0.87±0.11,口服ACZ后减低至0.77±0.07(t=6.47,P<0.05).结论 13N-NH3PET脑灌注显像安全、无创伤性,灵敏度高且病灶定位准确.口服ACZ脑负荷试验安全、简便、可靠,对评价局部脑血流储备功能有重要价值.     

焦虑症患者rCBF变化与局部脑功能的关系

目的探查焦虑症患者局部脑血流量(rCBF)的改变及与临床的关系。方法用99Tcm双半胱乙酯(ECD)脑血流灌注断层显像探查65例焦虑症患者和21例年龄匹配的正常对照者的rCBF。65例患者再分为治疗组(31例)和未治疗组(34例),以小脑为对照区,对大脑左右半球各部位行半定量分析,进行组间比较。结果焦虑症患者rCBF异常率为93.8%(6165例),主要表现为额叶、颞叶、边缘系统及基底节的放射性减少;治疗组与未治疗组患者左右额叶和颞叶的摄取比值(与小脑比)均明显小于对照组(P<0.01),而治疗组与未治疗组间无明显差异。部分患者经对症治疗后症状缓解,复查脑显像可见rCBF明显好转。表明rCBF的变化与病程及治疗无关,而与治疗后症状的改善明显相关。结论焦虑症患者局部脑血流受损并与症状及疗效有一定的相关。     

五例艾滋病患者~(99)Tc~m-ECD脑SPECT显像

目的　观察艾滋病 (AIDS)患者局部脑血流 (rCBF)的变化。方法　对 5例男性AIDS患者 (IV期 )进行了99Tcm 双半胱乙酯 (ECD)脑血流灌注显像 ,半定量测定rCBF。 16例性别、年龄匹配的健康者作正常对照。结果　 1例有痴呆临床表现的AIDS患者存在双侧额、顶、颞叶和基底节及左侧丘脑rCBF低灌注 ,4例无痴呆临床表现的AIDS患者亦出现双侧额、顶叶rCBF低灌注。AIDS组患者双侧额、顶、颞叶、基底节和丘脑以及直回和桥脑rCBF明显低于对照组。结论　AIDS患者存在脑皮层和皮层下rCBF减少     

床旁颅脑超声对早产儿早期脑血流灌注特点的评价

目的：探讨早产儿早期大脑中动脉、豆纹动脉脑血流灌注特点,分析脑血流变化规律。方法：选择80例早产儿为研究对象,按出生体质量分为A组（≥1 500 g）和B组（<1 500 g）各40例,另选择40例足月新生儿为足月儿组,分别于出生72 h内测量大脑中动脉、豆纹动脉血流动力学参数。结果：早产儿组大脑中动脉的收缩期峰值流速（Vs）、舒张末期速度（Vd）、平均血流速度（Vm）明显低于足月新生儿组,且B组Vs、Vm均低于A组（均P<0.05）;收缩期峰值流速与舒张末期速度比值（S/D）、RI组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。早产儿组豆纹动脉的Vs、Vd、Vm、S/D、RI均明显低于足月儿组,B组豆纹动脉的Vs、Vd、Vm均低于A组（均P<0.05）。结论：大脑中动脉、豆纹动脉的脑血流动力学变化可敏感反映脑血流的灌注状态,对评估脑损伤程度和判断预后有重要的临床价值。     

成人原发性甲状腺功能减退症的脑血流灌注显像特征

目的 观察成人原发性甲状腺功能减退症(甲减)患者局部脑血流(rCBF)显像特点,以探索甲减致脑中枢神经系统损害的机制.方法 对15例正常对照组及45例甲减患者分别进行了脑SPECT显像.结果 45例成人甲减患者rCBF减低为91.11%(41/45例),正常为8.89%.20%的甲减患者脑血流灌注出现弥漫性减低,71.11%的患者出现局灶性减低.病变累及的部位主要是颞叶和额叶,其中额叶异常18例(56.25%);颞叶异常31例(96.88%);顶叶异常9例(28.13%);枕叶异常5例(15.63%),基底节异常11例(34.38%).临床甲减组双侧额叶、颞叶、顶叶、基底节及右侧枕叶rCBF明显低于对照组(P《0.01或0.05).亚临床甲减组双侧颞叶、左侧额叶及左侧基底节rCBF也明显低于对照组(P《0.01或0.05).甲减组的额叶、颞叶R/L比值与对照组比较有显著差异(P《0.01).结论 成人原发性甲减患者存在不同程度的脑血流灌注减低,这与其引起的神经精神方面症状可能密切相关,并对指导临床治疗有积极意义.     

67Ga显像对淋巴瘤治疗的监测

目的用67Ga显像预测和监测非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)治疗后的早期疗效.方法86例治疗前67Ga显像和CT扫描阳性的淋巴瘤患者,经临床和病理检查证实为NHL.平面67Ga显像分别在治疗后2和4个疗程进行.有51例患者治疗4个疗程后进行CT扫描.患者经4个疗程治疗后,平均随访时间为1.5年(3～30个月).治疗效果评价①完全有效病灶不显影;②部分有效病灶部分显影;③无效病灶显影无变化或进一步增大.结果86例患者中61例67Ga显像示治疗完全有效,14例部分有效,11例治疗无效.随访中,早期67Ga显像阴性预测值90%(43/48例),晚期67Ga显像阴性预测值69%(9/13例),提示前者更有临床价值.病灶部分消失和无变化者,阴性预测值仅36%(9/25例),提示这部分患者预后很差.CT结果治疗后,51例患者中18例阴性,33例阳性,随访中,阴性预测值67%(12/18例),而阳性预测值为27%(9/33例).表明67Ga显像能有效预测疗效(P<0.001),而CT则不能(P>0.05).结论治疗后早期67Ga显像对预测和检测NHL疗效优于晚期显像,对患者治疗疗效的评价明显优于CT.     

颅内破裂性动脉瘤介入治疗前后99Tcm-ECD显像研究

目的用99Tcm-双半胱乙酯(ECD)SPECT显像观察颅内破裂性动脉瘤介入治疗前后脑血流量变化.方法14例经脑血管造影(DSA)证实的颅内动脉瘤患者,在自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后接受电解可脱卸弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞术.分别在介入治疗术前和术后,对患者进行99Tcm-ECDSPECT脑血流灌注显像和半定量分析(脑缺血指数),并在同期进行经颅多普勒超声(TCD)检查.结果14例患者术前SPECT显像均可见不同程度的放射性减低区,即局部脑血流量(rCBF)减低区,其范围除包括DSA所示动脉瘤所在部位外,还包括病灶以外的远隔部位.术后14例患者中有12例SPECT图像上原rCBF减低区消失或较术前明显增高.半定量分析示,术前患者典型缺血部位的脑缺血指数为0.26±0.17,术后同一部位的脑缺血指数为0.13±0.18,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).12例术后原rCBF减低区消失或较术前明显增高患者,其脑缺血指数下降幅度为(68±17)%.结论SPECT脑血流灌注显像能发现颅内动脉瘤破裂后SAH所致脑血管痉挛和评价介入治疗疗效.     

功能性消化不良患者的胆囊排空功能评价

目的探讨胆囊排空功能及胃肠激素水平变化在功能性消化不良(FD)发病机制中的作用.方法采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)和放射性核素显像法测定32例FD患者、20例健康志愿者空腹及脂餐后60min血浆胃动素(MTL)、胆囊收缩素(CCK)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)、生长抑素(SS)及胆囊排空功能,获得不同时相胆囊排空指数.结果FD组空腹及餐后胆囊排空指数、MTL均低于对照组,差异均有显著性(P均<0.001),且MTL与胆囊排空指数呈正相关(r空腹=0.82,r餐后=0.94,P均<0.01);FD组空腹血浆CCK与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),餐后低于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.001),且餐后CCK与胆囊排空指数呈显著正相关(r=0.97,P<0.01);FD组空腹与餐后血浆VIP均高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.001),VIP与胆囊排空指数呈负相关(r空腹=-0.81,r餐后=-0.47,P均<0.01).FD组空腹及餐后血浆SS与对照组相比差异无显著性.结论FD患者(运动障碍型)存在空腹及餐后胆囊排空障碍.血浆促胃肠动力激素(MTL、CCK)水平下降和抑制胃肠动力激素(VIP)水平升高是FD患者胆囊排空障碍的病因和重要的病理生理基础.     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

Sex differences in neuromuscular fatigability in response to load carriage in the field in British Army recruits

Objectives

Women are resistant to neuromuscular fatigue compared to men in response to a range of exercise tasks. The sex differences in the neuromuscular responses to load carriage have yet to be investigated.

新疆石河子地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的调查与分析

采用LMT法对新疆石河子地区三个规模化奶牛场泌乳牛群进行了隐性乳房炎检测,共检测994头泌乳牛3976个乳区.结果表明:奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为81.9%,乳区阳性率为49.1%.数据分析表明,不同年龄、胎次以及有无卧床奶牛的隐性乳房炎阳性率差异显著(P<0.05),后乳区的隐性乳房炎感染率显著高于前乳区感染率(P<0.05),隐性乳房炎乳区发生数也明显影响当日产奶量(P<0.05).     

Decrease in eccentric hamstring strength in runners in the Tirol Speed Marathon

Background

The local muscular endurance of knee flexors, during eccentric work in particular, is important in preventing or delaying kinematic changes associated with fatigue during treadmill running. This result, however, may not be transferable to overground running.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that overground running is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue.

Methods

Thirteen runners (12 male and one female) performed an isokinetic muscle test three to four days before and 18 hours after a marathon. Both legs were tested. The testing protocol consisted of concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring contractions.

Results

There were no significant differences between peak torque before and after the race, except that eccentric peak hamstring torque (both thighs) was reduced.

Conclusion

Overground running (running a marathon) is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue. Eccentric hamstring fatigue may be a potential risk factor for knee and soft tissue injuries during running. Eccentric hamstring training should therefore be introduced as an integral part of the training programme of runners.     

Oxalosis in primary hyperoxaluria in infancy

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of hepatic alanine-glyoxylate-aminotransferase. This deficiency results in excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of oxalate, inducing renal stone formation and deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney, bone, myocardium, and vessels (systemic oxalosis, SO) in the most severely affected individuals. We report renal and skeletal changes in a 3-month-old girl with PH1 and SO. Intense cortico-medullary hyperechogenicity and increased homogeneous radiopacity of normal-sized kidneys suggested the diagnosis of SO. Skeletal survey showed osteopenia and characteristic symmetrical metaphyseal transverse bands in long bones, progressively becoming more dense and migrating towards the diaphysis. Multiple pathological and slowly healing fractures of the limbs occurred at the dense band level. A radiopaque rim was then observed in flat bones, epiphyseal nuclei, and vertebral bodies. Inflammatory granulomatous reaction, induced by the presence of oxalate crystals in the marrow spaces, coexisted with progressively evident radiological signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism, with partially overlapping features. The patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis until combined liver–kidney transplantation. There are no previous reports of infants treated with hemodialysis for more than 2 years.     

肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸碱失衡判断方法探讨(附80例次血气分析)

目的：对42例肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒患者的80例次血气测定结果。方法：用不同的酸碱图（卡）及代偿公式进行酸碱类型的初步差别分析。结果：结合临床表现、各种影响因素与治疗反应等作出综合判定。结论：比较二种判定的差异，并提出较为实用、可靠的判断建议，以助于复合型呼吸性酸碱失衡的临床诊断与处理。     

Interventional radiology in oncology in private practice

Interventional oncology in private practice requires expert training and can be performed in a stand-alone facility for type 1 procedures in a hospital setting for type 2 and 3 procedures where subspecialized radiologists, state-of-the-art equipment, and postprocedure hospital monitoring are available. A multidisciplinary effort with oncologists, internal medicine physicians and anesthesiologists is necessary. The practice of interventional oncology requires around the clock availability, meticulous and established protocols and procedures and a financial investment. On the other hand, it is professionally gratifying because of constant technical advances and the impact on patients.     

Radiological strategy in acute stroke in children

The aim of the study was to estimate the preponderance of patterns of pediatric stroke, ischemic or hemorrhagic, their etiologies and the correct diagnostic protocol for acute management.Forty-one consecutive pediatric patients (age range 5-16 years) with an acute stroke observed in acute phase during a 10-year period, were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty-three patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 3 cases were studied by computed tomography (CT) without MRI, and 15 underwent both CT and MRI studies. In 9 cases, intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA) was performed after non-invasive preliminary assessment.Seventeen hemorrhagic (41%) and 24 ischemic (59%) strokes were found. Among hemorrhagic forms, 5 cases were due to arteriovenous malformation (AVM), 7 to cavernoma, and 2 to aneurysm. Among ischemic forms, 2 were due to sickle-cell disease, 1 to hyperomocysteinemia, 1 to moyamoya syndrome, 1 to pseudoxantoma elasticum, 3 to prothrombotic state, 1 to Fabry's disease, 1 concomitant with CO intoxication, 5 to venous sinus thrombosis, and 4 to cardio-embolic state. Etiology remains unknown in 8 cases (20.5%).This study shows a moderate prevalence of ischemic over hemorrhagic strokes. Moreover, personal experience suggests that MRI is always more informative than CT and in selected cases should be the first-choice examination in the acute phase.