Declining prevalence of HIV infection among injecting drug users entering drug treatment in Italy: 1990–1991

Two surveys were conducted in 1990 and 1991 in order to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection among injecting drug users attending drug treatment centers throughout Italy. Among the 35,073 IDUs attending these facilities in 1990, 32.I% were HIV-positive. In 1991, 29.7% of 41,794 IDUs were HIV-positive. HIV prevalence was higher among prior attendees compared to new entrants (38.0% vs. 20.5% in 1990, and 35.8% vs. 16.6% in 1991); prevalence was also higher among females. These findings suggest that HIV prevalence among Italian drug users is slowly declining.     

Prevalence of HIV/AIDS and Prediction of Future Trends in North-west Region of India: A six-year ICTC-based Study

Background:

The study was conducted to analyze previous six-year prevalence data of HIV infection in the Northwest region of India and predict future trends for a couple of years.

Objectives:

The study was conducted to aid SACS and NACO to plan and arrange resources for the future scenario.

Materials and Methods:

All the attendees of ICTC, Jaipur, from January 2002 to December 2007 were included and variables like age, sex, marital status, occupation, place of residence, pattern of risk behavior and HIV serostatus were studied. As per the strategy and policy prescribed by NACO, tests (E/R/S) were performed on the serum samples. Data was collected; compiled and analyzed using standard statistical methods. Future trends of HIV-prevalence in north-west India were anticipated.

Results:

The overall positivity rates among attendees of ICTC, were found to be 12.2% (386/3161), 11.8% (519/4381), 11.1% (649/5867), 13% (908/6983), 14% (1385/9911) and 17.34% (1756/10133) in the years 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 respectively. Future trends for the next couple of years depict further increase in prevalence without any plateau.

Conclusion:

Epidemiological studies should be carried out in various settings to understand the role and complex relations of innumerable behavioral, social and demographic factors, which will help, interrupt and control the transmission of HIV/ AIDS.     

Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis and HIV in females living in a rural community of Zimbabwe: does age matter?

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 544 women living in Mupfure rural area of Zimbabwe to determine whether infection with urinary schistosomiasis is associated with HIV infection. Schistosoma haematobium infection was examined in urine samples and HIV infection was determined in sera. The prevalence of S. haematobium infection was highest (60%) in women below 20 years of age and declined to 29% in the oldest age group (test for trends, P<0.001). Overall, women infected with urinary schistosomiasis had an HIV prevalence of 33.3%, whilst women without urinary schistosomiasis had an HIV prevalence of 25.6% (chi(2), P=0.053). Women above the age of 35 years and infected with urinary schistosomiasis had a significantly higher HIV prevalence (37.5%) than those without urinary schistosomiasis (16.8%; chi(2), P<0.001).     

Potential risk factors for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptosporidium</Emphasis> infection among HIV/AIDS patients in central areas of Thailand

Background  Cryptosporidiosis is very common in patients with HIV/AIDS and remains a threat to public health. A cross-sectional analytical study to determine the prevalence and identify potential risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection among HIV/AIDS patients was conducted. Methods  In the study of 143 HIV/AIDS adult patients with diarrhea, a total of 23 cases with Cryptosporidium infection and 120 cases with Cryptosporidium negative were reported during the study period. Results  Results revealed that the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis was 16.1%. In a stratified analysis controlling for gender, factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection were history of diarrhea >21 days, count ≤50 cells/mm³, and WBC count <4,000 cells/mm³. Conclusion  These findings confirmed that there was a strong association between cryptosporidiosis and count. Such information may provide possible recommended strategies for preventing cryptosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS persons.     

HIV seroprevalence among inmates in Togo

Background

There is no data on HIV seroprevalence among prisoners in Togo.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among prisoners in Togo from November 2011 to January 2012. The study population was included by selecting the most densely populated prison in each of the six Togo regions, and by including prisoners (at least18 years of age and having been in prison for more than 30 days) on a voluntary basis. HIV prevalence was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

One thousand three hundred and fourty-two prisoners were included in the study. Their median age was 28 years, (IQR 25–33 years) and 39 (2.9%) were women. The median time spent in the prison was 10 months, interquartile range [4–24 months]. HIV testing was accepted by 96.0%. HIV seroprevalence in prisons was 4.3%, 95 CI% [3.2–5.5%]. Few prisoners (2.9%) reported having had sex in prisons. The only factor associated with HIV infection was gender with an HIV seroprevalence of 14.3% for women compared to 4.0% for men (P = 0.003).

Conclusion

The prevention and the management of HIV infection should be a priority in Togolese prisons. This requires implementing healthcare facilities in prisons.     

Prevalence of HIV infection among inpatients and outpatients in Department of Veterans Affairs health care systems: implications for screening programs for HIV

Objectives. We sought to determine the prevalence of HIV in both inpatient and outpatient settings in 6 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care sites.Methods. We collected demographic data and data on comorbid conditions and then conducted blinded, anonymous HIV testing. We conducted a multivariate analysis to determine predictors of HIV infection.Results. We tested 4500 outpatient blood specimens and 4205 inpatient blood specimens; 326 (3.7%) patients tested positive for HIV. Inpatient HIV prevalence ranged from 1.2% to 6.9%; outpatient HIV prevalence ranged from 0.9% to 8.9%. Having a history of hepatitis B or C infection, a sexually transmitted disease, or pneumonia also predicted HIV infection. The prevalence of previously undocumented HIV infection varied from 0.1% to 2.8% among outpatients and from 0.0% to 1.7% among inpatients.Conclusions. The prevalence of undocumented HIV infection was sufficiently high for routine voluntary screening to be cost effective in each of the 6 sites we evaluated. Many VA health care systems should consider expanded routine voluntary HIV screening.Early identification of HIV infection through screening substantially lengthens the life of the person identified and provides an important public health benefit from reduced HIV transmission.1 HIV screening in health care settings is also cost effective, even when the prevalence of HIV infection is as low as 0.05% to 0.1%.1^–3 Newly revised guidelines for HIV screening from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend one-time screening in all health care settings unless the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection is documented to be less than 0.1%.4The prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection has been documented in few health care settings in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. The Sentinel Hospital Study, which assessed HIV prevalence in a probability sample of nonfederal US hospitals, showed that the prevalence of HIV infection ranged from 0.1% to 7.8% among sentinel hospital populations (inpatients and outpatients combined) in 1989; however, currently, few people with HIV are hospitalized, so both inpatient and outpatient prevalence rates may differ from previous estimates. Although total HIV prevalence has been evaluated in many settings, the most important factor in determining the usefulness of an HIV screening program is the prevalence of unidentified, rather than known, HIV infection.The preferred method for determining an unbiased estimate of prevalence in a population is a blinded (anonymous) serological survey, an approach recommended by the CDC.6^,7 In a blinded serological survey, blood that is drawn for other purposes is stripped of identifiers and tested for HIV. Because the patient’s identity cannot be determined, informed consent is not required. Other approaches that depend on patients’ acceptance of screening are limited by selection bias that occurs when patients decline testing.8^–10 This selection bias can be substantial, and the prevalence of HIV among patients who have declined testing may be either higher or lower than the prevalence among patients who accept testing.11 Blinded serological surveys have been used widely, most notably in the Sentinel Hospital Study.5We conducted a blinded serological survey to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among outpatients and inpatients in 6 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care systems. The VA is one of the largest integrated health care systems and the largest provider of HIV care in the United States. Our goal was to assess the prevalence of both documented and undocumented HIV infection and to assess demographic and clinical predictors of documented and undocumented infection. Although predictors of undocumented HIV infection have been evaluated in emergency departments,12^,13 they have not been well studied in VA populations.     

FSWs Typology and Condoms Use Among HIV High Risk Groups in Sindh,Pakistan: A Developing Country Perspective

Objective

We aimed to determine the association of FSWs typology with condom use among HIV high risk groups in Sindh, Pakistan

Introduction

HIV is growing rapidly worldwide resulting in estimated 34 million population [1]. Recently, its epidemic has spread in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean, and most parts of Asia [2]. According to Antenatal sero surveillance study conducted in 2011 by Agriteam canada, it’s prevalence in Pakistan is <0.1 [3].Focusing narrowly, its prevalence in Sindh, (one of the provinces of Pakistan) is similar in general population, but it is in the phase of concentrated epidemic (having more than 5% of prevalence in high risk groups)in vulnerable groups like IDUs and Male sex workers and transgender [4].Sexual intercourse has been identified as major route especially in HIV high risk groups including male sex workers, female sex workers (FSWs), transgender (hijras) and IV drug users. Among them, FSWs are at high risk because of unprotected sex and illicit drug use. Their prevalence is found to be 30.7% in low and middle income countries [5]. South Asia contributed with 12.63 lakh FSW in India only [6]. On the basis of their station of work, they are categorized into facility based (kothikhana, brothel or home) and mobile (street, mobile or beggars). They use different preventive measures including condom for their protection from HIV [7]. It varies with availability and access [8] . FSWs typology have different cliental and mode of action, therefore, it important to explore the preventive methods.

Methods

Data was extracted from Second Generation Surveillance, Integrated behavioral and biological survey, Round IV for HIV infection conducted by Agriteam Canada in partnership with National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan in 2011. It was a cross sectional survey for high risk groups including FSWs from Pakistan. It was ethically approved by Review Board of the Public Health Agency of Canada and HOPE International’s Ethical Review Board, Pakistan. From Sindh province, FSWs based in Karachi, Sukkur and Larkana were recruited. Considering typology, they were categorized as mobile or facility based. After informed consent, socio-demographic and risk behavior were inquired. HIV was tested by ELISA/EIA and confirmed by Western Blot. Data was analyzed on SPSS 19. Continuous variables were expressed as mean±SD while categorical as frequency(%). Logistic regression assessed the association of FSWs typology with condoms use among HIV high risk groups.

Results

Out of 4567 high risk population, 1127 were identified as FSWs. Mean age was 26.9 years. Most of them were facility based (72.8%) and 81.3% used condoms. Typology, age, education, duration of involvement, number of client per day, number of paid oral sex per month, knowledge about STI and knowledge about drop in center were significantly associated with condom use among HIV high risk groups.

Conclusions

Majority of facility based FSWs use condoms to prevent HIV infection. Awareness and access to home based FSWs should be increased. It may help in targeting and designing preventive strategies for them at government and mass level.     

Hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnant women in North-East Italy: A seroepidemiological study

Background: Pregnant women can be considered a sentinel population, because they are a relatively unselected population whose prevalence data may be extended to the general population. Methods: A seroepidemiological study was carried out in Padua (North-East Italy) to assess the epidemiological aspects of HCV, HBV and HIV infection in 2059 pregnant women consecutively seen at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology during 1996. Out of them, 1804 (87.2%) were indigenous and 255 (12.8%) immigrants. Sociodemographical and sanitary data were collected for each woman. Results: The overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 1.9% (42.5% with detectable HCV-RNA); HBsAg was found in 1.0%; the prevalence of anti-HIV was 0.3%. Findings are substantially consistent with the epidemiological picture of such infections in the general population of our geographic area. A parenteral risk factor for HCV infection was found in 19 subjects (47.5%): 18 were intravenous drug users and 1 a blood transfusion recipient. HBsAg seroprevalence was higher in immigrants than in autochthonous (3.1% vs. 0.7% respectively, p < 0.01). One of the 6 anti-HIV positive women was intravenous drug user. Logistic regression analysis was carried out for each viral agent to determine which characteristics were independently associated with infection: anti-HCV prevalence resulted independently associated to Italian origin (OR: 3.7), unmarried status (OR: 2.7), unemployed condition (OR: 6.1) and history of previous abortion (OR: 2.8). HBsAg prevalence was independently associated to unemployed condition (OR: 10.8), whereas HIV positivity was significantly related to the unmarried status (OR: 18.5). Conclusion: Our study pinpoints the need of screening all pregnant women for HCV and HIV infection, in addition to the HBsAg screening which is compulsory in Italy.     

信阳市献血浆人群HIV、HCV 、HBV感染流行病学分析

目的了解信阳市1995年前献血浆人群H IV、HCV、HBV感染率及其流行因素。方法对信阳市某县9个乡有偿献血浆人群聚集地村民进行H IV、HCV、HBV感染流行病学调查。结果调查了村民987人,发现H IV、HCV、HBV感染率分别为5.57%、26.14%、13.07%。其中有偿献血员604人,H IV、HCV感染率分别为8.94%、40.89%,显著高于非献血员H IV、HCV感染率0.26%、2.87%。结论豫南局部地区有偿献血浆人群中H IV、HCV感染率较高,在H IV阳性有偿献血浆人群中,HCV感染率很高,而HBV感染率则无此种现象。     

Profile of Presentation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in North India, 2003-2007

Background:

Clinico-epidemiological profile of the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in India is varied and depends on multitude of factors including geographic location. We analyzed the characteristics of HIV-infected patients attending our Immunodeficiency Clinic to determine any changes in their profile over five years.

Settings and Design:

A retrospective observational study.

Materials and Methods:

The study sample included all patients with HIV infection from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2007. Diagnosis of HIV was made according to National AIDS Control Organization guidelines.

Results:

Of 3 067 HIV-infected patients, 1 887 (61.5%) were male and 1 180 (38.5%) were female patients. Mean age of patients was 35.1 ± 9.0 years. Majority (91.8%) of patients were in the age group of 15 to 49 years. Progressively increasing proportion of female patients was noted from year 2004 onward. Median CD4 count at presentation in year 2003 was 197/μl (Interquartile range [IQR] = 82.5-373) while in year 2007 it was 186.5/μl (IQR = 86.3-336.8). Mean CD4 count of male patients was 203.7 ± 169.4/μl, significantly lower as compared with female patients, which was 284.8 ± 223.3/μl (P value ≤0.05). Every year, substantial proportions of patients presenting to clinic had CD4 count<200/μl indicating advanced disease. Predominant route of transmission was heterosexual in 2 507 (81.7%) patients. Tuberculosis and oropharyngeal candidiasis were the most common opportunistic infections (OIs). Cryptococcal meningitis was the most common central nervous infection. Our patients had comparatively lower median CD4 counts at the time of presentation with various OIs.

Conclusions:

Patients had advanced stage of HIV infection at the time of presentation throughout five years. Females presented earlier during the course of HIV infection. There is need for early screening and increasing awareness in healthcare providers to make a diagnosis of HIV much sooner.     

School Climate,Academic Achievement and Educational Aspirations in Roma Minority and Bulgarian Majority Adolescents

Background

School climate can promote students’ academic achievement and high educational aspirations. School climate refers to the quality and character of school life, norms, values, social interactions and organizational processes within a school.

Objective

We examined for the present sample whether (a) school climate relates to academic achievement and educational aspirations and (b) such relations vary for Roma minority compared to their majority peers.

Method

Participants in this cross-sectional study were 356 adolescents aged 11–19 years old (159 Roma, 197 Bulgarian majority), 332 mothers (149 Roma, 183 majority), 231 fathers (104 Roma, 127 majority) and 221 majority teachers who completed self-report surveys to address the study goals. Adolescents provided data on educational aspirations and academic achievement, parents on their children’s educational aspirations and teachers reported on school climate. We employed linear mixed models to explore associations of school climate, academic achievement and educational aspirations among Roma and Bulgarian majority youth.

Results

There were negative associations between teacher-reported school climate and students’ academic achievement, as well as adolescent and parental educational aspirations for Roma adolescents only. Roma adolescents and parents reported lower academic achievement and educational aspirations than their majority counterparts.

Conclusions

This study supports the relevance of school climate in relation to academic achievement and aspirations of disadvantaged minority students. Interventions should pay close attention to perceptions and attitudes in a school to successfully promote positive outcomes among students.

     

Salmonellosis diagnosed by the laboratory of the ‘L. Sacco’ hospital of Milan (Italy) in patients with HIV disease

We reviewed the cases of typhoid fever (3 cases) and non-typhoid salmonellosis (62 cases) diagnosed from 1987 to 1989 in the Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology of the L.Sacco Hospital, Milan.Two cases of typhoid fever and 24 cases of non-typhoid salmonellosis occurred in patients without clinical symptoms of HIV infection. One case of typhoid fever and 38 cases of non-typhoid salmonellosis occurred in patients with clinical symptoms of HIV infection.In AIDS patients living in the Milan province the annual incidence of non-typhoid salmonellosis was estimated to be 100-fold greater than that observed in the general population.In patients with non-typhoid sahnonellosis, bacteremias was found only in subjects with HIV disease (P=0.0009). The frequency of bacteremia was higher in patients with AIDS than in patients with other manifestations of HIV disease (P=0.0356).Finally, a significant difference between patients with and without HIV disease was found with regard to Salmonella serotypes distribution (P=0.0196).Corresponding author.     

Seroprevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women in the Veneto region (north-east Italy)

A heterogeneous population of 4396 consecutive pregnant women (86.6% indigenous, 13.4% immigrants) attending the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Padua (north-east Italy) were counselled and tested for HIV infection between September 1995 and December 1997. Sociodemographic and sanitary data were collected on each case. Anti-HIV prevalence was 0.57%. Intravenous drug use and foreign birth accounted for 28% and 24%, respectively, of the anti-HIV positive cases; 44% of the HIV-positive subjects reported no risk factors. In the logistic regression HIV positivity proved independently associated with intravenous drug use (adjusted OR 76. 6), sexually transmitted diseases (adjusted OR 13.2), unmarried status (adjusted OR 4.8), birth outside the European Union (EU) (adjusted OR 3.1) and age (adjusted OR 1.1). Heterosexual HIV spread appears to be a major concern. The monitoring of trends in HIV infection among subgroups should be continued in order to control the AIDS epidemic appropriately both by promoting HIV counselling and individual care, and by watching for changes in the social background.     

Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection: new estimates of age-specific HBsAg seroprevalence and endemicity

Objective

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is one of the most serious infections and a major risk factor for deaths from cirrhosis and liver cancer. We estimate age-, sex- and region-specific prevalence of chronic HBV infection and calculate the absolute number of persons being chronically infected.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature for studies reporting HBV infection was conducted and worldwide HBsAg seroprevalence data was collected over a 27-year period (1980–2007). Based on observed data, age-specific prevalence and endemicity were estimated on a global level and for all world regions for 1990 and 2005 using an empirical Bayesian hierarchical model.

Findings

From 1990 to 2005, the prevalence of chronic HBV infection decreased in most regions. This was particularly evident in Central sub-Saharan Africa, Tropical and Central Latin America, South East Asia and Central Europe. Despite this decrease in prevalence, the absolute number of HBsAg positive persons increased from 223 million in 1990 to 240 million in 2005. Age-specific prevalence varied by geographical region with highest endemicity levels in sub-Saharan Africa and prevalence below 2% in regions such as Tropical and Central Latin America, North America and Western Europe. Asian regions showed distinct prevalence patterns with lower intermediate prevalence in South Asia, but up to 8.6% HBsAg prevalence in East Asia. Strong declines were seen in South East Asian children.

Conclusion

Declines in HBV infection prevalence may be related to expanded immunization. The increasing overall number of individuals being chronically infected with HBV, and the widespread global differences in HBV prevalence call for targeted approaches to tackle HBV-related mortality and morbidity. HBV infection prevalence data are needed at country and sub-national level to estimate disease burden and guide health and vaccine policy.     

HIV risk among young African American men who have sex with men: a case-control study in Mississippi

Objectives. We conducted a case–control study in the Jackson, Mississippi, area to identify factors associated with HIV infection among young African American men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods. During February to April 2008, we used surveillance records to identify young (16–25 years old) African American MSM diagnosed with HIV between 2006 and 2008 (case participants) and recruited young African American MSM who did not have HIV (controls). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with HIV infection.Results. In a multivariable analysis of 25 case participants and 85 controls, having older male partners (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8, 17.3), engaging in unprotected anal intercourse with casual male partners (adjusted OR = 6.3; 95% CI = 1.8, 22.3), and being likely to give in to a partner who wanted to have unprotected sex (adjusted OR = 5.0; 95% CI = 1.2, 20.6) were associated with HIV infection.Conclusions. Given the high prevalence of risk behaviors among the young African American MSM in our study, HIV prevention efforts must begin before or during early adolescence and need to focus on improving negotiation and communication regarding sex.African American men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of HIV infection.^1,2 In the United States, half of all prevalent and incident HIV infections occur among MSM,^3,4 and Black MSM account for a disproportionate number of new HIV infections among MSM.⁵ Data from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System show that the HIV prevalence among Black MSM in 21 US cities in 2008 was 28% and that 59% of Black MSM with HIV surveyed in these cities were unaware of their infection.⁶ HIV prevalence was also high among young Black MSM, who had a prevalence of 17% by the age of 18 to 24 years.⁶Furthermore, the number of new HIV diagnoses is increasing among MSM, particularly young Black MSM. From 2001 to 2006, the number of HIV/AIDS cases among Black MSM aged 13 to 24 years in 33 states with long-term, confidential, name-based HIV reporting increased by 93%.⁷In the fall of 2007, clinicians at a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in Jackson, Mississippi, noted that diagnoses of HIV infection were increasing among young African American MSM. A subsequent review of surveillance data revealed a 38% rise in newly diagnosed HIV infections among African American MSM aged 16 to 25 years in the Jackson area during 2006–2007 relative to 2004–2005.Although many studies have assessed the prevalence of HIV risk behaviors among young African American MSM,^8,9 few have focused on young African American MSM in Mississippi. Between February and April 2008, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Mississippi State Department of Health conducted an investigation that included, among other components, a case–control study designed to identify demographic characteristics and behavioral factors associated with HIV infection among young African American MSM in the Jackson area.¹⁰     

Measures of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) community viral load and HIV incidence among people who inject drugs

Purpose

To evaluate the measures of community human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load (VL) and the association with HIV incidence among people who inject drugs (PWID).

Uptake of HIV testing and HIV positivity among presumptive tuberculosis patients at Puducherry,South India

Setting:

Puducherry, a district in South India with a low prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (<1% among antenatal women).

Objectives:

1) To estimate the proportion of patients with known HIV status who were HIV-positive, 2) to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with unknown HIV status among presumptive TB patients, and 3) to assess the additional workload at HIV testing centres.

Design:

In this cross-sectional study, consecutive presumptive TB patients attending microscopy centres for diagnosis during March–May 2013 were asked if they knew their HIV status. Patients with unknown HIV status were offered voluntary counselling and HIV testing.

Results:

Of 1886 presumptive TB patients, HIV status was ascertained for 842 (44.6%); 28 (3.3%) were HIV-positive. The uptake of HIV testing was significantly higher in younger age groups, males, residents of Puducherry and smear-positive TB patients. The median increase in the number of clients tested for HIV per day per testing centre was 1 (range 0–6).

Conclusion:

The uptake of HIV testing was low. HIV prevalence was higher among presumptive TB patients than in antenatal women, and as high as in TB patients. With minimal increase in workload at HIV testing centres, HIV testing could be implemented using existing resources.     

广州市男男商业性服务人群HIV、梅毒感染及AIDS相关行为调查

目的 了解广州市男男商业性服务人群(money boys,MB)的HIV、梅毒的感染情况,以及AIDS相关行为特征.方法 通过同志社区小组从12个MB活动场所(包括会所、公园及网络等)招募调查对象152名,共完成调查和采血151名.采用匿名问卷调查获取AIDS相关行为、知识、态度等资料,抽取静脉血进行HIV和梅毒的检测.HIV和梅毒感染不同人群特征的比较应用x2检验,以P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 调查对象HIV和梅毒的感染率分别为11.3%(17/151)和19.9%(30/151),过去6个月的同性商业性无保护肛交的发生率为47.0%(71/151),同性非商业性无保护肛交的发生率为43.7%(66/151).AIDS知识知晓率为85.4%(129/151);认为自己没有感染HIV的危险者占34.4%(52/151);不知道中国男男性行为人群AIDS流行情况者占24.5%(37/151);认为MB圈子的HIV流行不严重或不知道者占55.0%(83/151).过去6个月曾在醉酒和(或)吸毒后发生过商业性行为的MB梅毒感染率较未曾发生过的高(分别为33.3%、6.5%;x2=4.26,P=0.039),在性服务时发生过安全套破裂的MB梅毒感染率较没有发生过的高(分别为36.7%、15.7%;x2=6.64,P=0.010).多因素分析显示,在性服务时发生过安全套破裂与梅毒感染相关(x2=6.24,P=0.012;OR=3.11,95%CI=1128～7.57).结论 MB人群HIV和梅毒感染率高,对艾滋病流行的认知不足,危险性行为的发生比较普遍.