血液灌流抢救毒鼠强中毒的疗效

目的 观察血液灌流(HP)在抢救毒鼠强中毒的疗效方法应用HP加常规方法治疗9例毒鼠强中毒患儿(HP组),与单纯常规方法治疗的5例毒鼠强中毒患儿(NHP组)疗效进行比较。结果 治疗后HP组血中毒鼠强浓度显著降低(P<0.01)、血清酶明显降低(P<0.05);同期两组比较,HP组血清酶水平较低、血清酶恢复正常时间及抽搐时间明显缩短(P<0.05) 结论 HP治疗毒鼠强中毒效果明显     

小儿急性毒鼠强中毒的血液灌流治疗

目的　 探讨子母活性炭血液灌流对毒鼠强中毒的治疗价值。 方法 　采用BP 2 1血液灌流装置对 14例毒鼠强中毒患儿进行床边血液灌流治疗 ,测定患儿灌流前血、尿液、灌流后即刻及 2 4h血、72h的血、尿毒鼠强浓度 ;并与既往常规治疗的 11例患儿疗效进行比较。 结果 　血液灌流后毒鼠强浓度明显下降 (P <0 0 1) ;血液灌流组与常规非血液灌流组比较 ,相同时期内血液、尿液毒鼠强浓度有明显下降 ,血浓度下降值分别为 ( 74 9± 2 1 8) μg/ml和 ( 11 5± 5 9) μg/ml,尿毒鼠强浓度下降值分别为( 79 4± 14 9) μg/ml和 ( 16 4 ± 7 8) μg/ml,两者均有显著差异P <0 0 1。 结论 　炭肾血液灌流对毒鼠强有很好的吸附作用 ,吸附前后的血药浓度明显降低 ,炭肾血液灌流治疗毒鼠强中毒比常规治疗更有效。     

血液灌流治疗毒鼠强中毒疗效观察

目的探讨血液灌流（HP）对儿童毒鼠强中毒的疗效。方法根据临床表现，将63例毒鼠强中毒患儿分为轻、中、重3级，均予常规治疗。对32例有严重惊厥的中、重度患儿进行HP治疗。结果行HP治疗的重症患儿（HP组）22例中，13例治愈，4例死亡，3例留有严重后遗症；出现与治疗相关的并发症脑疝4例，DIC2例。未行HP治疗的重症患儿（非HP组）7例中，5例死亡，2例留有严重后遗症。HP组疗效明显优于非肝组（P〈0.05）。结论HP治疗毒鼠强中毒患儿疗效良好。     

血液灌流对毒鼠强中毒预后的影响

毒鼠强是国家禁止生产销售的灭鼠剂 ,毒性强、降解慢 ,可引起二次中毒 ,急性中毒患者病死率高 ,对神经系统创伤大。我们对 2 0 0 1年 1月～ 10月收治的 17例误服毒鼠强患儿采用血液灌流 (HP)方法治疗 ,并进行为期 1年的随访观察 ,现将结果报告如下。资料和方法1 一般资料 :观察期间我院共收治 2 3例毒鼠强中毒患儿 ,其中 2例在HP前即死亡 ,未计入本组。随访资料完整者 17例 ,男 10例 ,女 7例 ,平均年龄 (6 1± 4 9)岁。 17例患儿被分为HP组 11例 ,非HP组 6例。两组年龄、性别、中毒时间、惊厥、心率及呼吸频率差异无显著意义 (P均 >0 …     

血液灌流救治婴幼儿毒鼠强中毒的疗效及安全性

目的探讨血液灌流(HP)救治婴幼儿毒鼠强中毒的疗效及安全性。方法毒鼠强中毒婴幼儿35例分为二组,HP组18例和非HP组17例。观察二组治疗前后血毒鼠强水平变化、临床症状改善情况及HP组灌流过程中的不良反应。结果HP组入院时血液毒鼠强平均水平明显高于非HP组[(342.2±333.4)vs(117.9±50.8)μg/L,P<0.05],治疗1周后毒鼠强平均水平显著低于非HP组[(40.0±21.2)vs(62.3±22.9)μg/L,P<0.05)];抽搐时间较非HP组明显缩短[(1.5±0.7)vs(2.5±1.5)d,P<0.05]。HP组2例灌流过程中血压略下降,补液后迅速恢复;1例穿刺伤口渗血40 min;未见其他不良反应。结论血液灌流能协助常规治疗,加快清除婴幼儿血毒鼠强,为一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

血液灌流对毒鼠强中毒患儿心肝肾的保护作用

目的探讨血液灌流(HP)对毒鼠强中毒患儿心肝肾功能的影响。方法毒鼠强中毒患儿45例按不同治疗方式分为HP组(26例)和非HP组(19例),HP组用HP装置,进行床边治疗,非HP组进行对症处理。测血清酶,比较治疗前后心肝肾功能。结果治疗前两组均有不同程度的心肝肾功能损害,两组无显著差异(P>0.05)。治疗后HP组心肝肾功能较非HP组患儿恢复好,两组有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论早期HP对毒鼠强中毒患儿心肝肾功能具有保护作用。     

单纯性肾病综合征患儿T淋巴细胞亚群及体液免疫变化

目的　探讨单纯性肾病综合征 (SNS)患儿T淋巴细胞及体液免疫变化。方法　应用流式细胞仪和特定蛋白分析仪对SNS患儿 1 4例活动期和缓解期 (1 2例 )及 1 5例正常儿童外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及血清免疫球蛋白 (Ig)进行检测。结果　SNS患儿活动期组外周血总CD3 、CD4、CD8细胞低于对照组 (t=2 .1 4 ,2 .86　P均 <0 .0 5)。活动期组CD4 、CD8 细胞明显低于缓解期组 (t=2 .49,2 .2 9　P均 <0 .0 5)。活动期组CD4 /CD8 明显低于缓解期组和对照组 (t =2 .75 ,4.1 0　P均<0 .0 5)活动期组和缓解期组血清IgG与对照组比较均有明显降低 (t=2 .75 ,7.0 1　P <0 .0 5 ,0 .0 1 )。结论　SNS患儿在活动期周围血T淋巴细胞数量异常 ,且T淋巴细胞亚群间比例失调 ,且伴体液免疫异常。     

西咪替丁治疗水痘疗效观察

目的　探讨西咪替丁治疗水痘的疗效。方法　将 56例患儿随机分 2组 ,均行常规综合治疗。治疗组 32例加西咪替丁静滴 5～ 7d ,并与对照组 2 4例比较 ,观察疗效。结果　治疗组症状、体征好转时间较对照组明显缩短 (P <0 .0 5) ;疗效显著 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　对水痘患儿早期应用西咪替丁加常规综合治疗 ,可明显缩短病程 ,提高疗效。     

二巯基丙磺酸钠治疗小儿毒鼠强中毒54例临床分析

毒鼠强是一种神经毒性杀鼠剂 ,为了寻求一种有效的救治方法 ,我们于 2 0 0 1年 7月至 2 0 0 2年 12月 ,对我院二巯基丙磺酸钠治疗毒鼠强中毒的效果进行了临床观察 ,现将结果报告如下。资料和方法1 一般资料 :本组共观察毒鼠强中毒患儿 5 4例 ,男 30例 ,女 2 4例 ,年龄 1～ 14岁 ,平均年龄 (4 8± 3 4 )岁。患儿入院时均有不同程度的抽搐、恶心、呕吐、甚至昏迷等症状 ,发病至就诊时间 30min～ 4h不等。 5 4例均为口服中毒 ,其中误服者 5 2例 ,自杀口服者 2例 ,按入院先后顺序将患儿分成两组 ,综合治疗组 2 4例 ,综合治疗加二巯基丙磺酸钠组(…     

毒鼠强中毒患儿肾小管间质损害的观察

目的　观察小儿毒鼠强中毒肾小管间质损害的情况。方法　用特异酶联免疫法 (ELISA)测定 80例轻、中度小儿毒鼠强中毒后d6、d2 1尿视黄醇结合蛋白 (RBP)的含量变化 ,并与 50例健康对照组比较 ,并进行自身比较。结果　轻、中度毒鼠强中毒患儿d6、d2 1各组与正常组及组间比较P >0 .0 5。结论　轻、中度小儿毒鼠强中毒对肾小管间质无明显损害。     

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

A profile of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children

This report describes the cross-sectional analyses of data from the first year of a longitudinal study using questionnaire and respiratory function data over a 5 year period from a sample of rural South Australian school children. The cumulative or lifetime prevalences of respiratory symptoms were estimated in 825 rural and 1261 urban school children aged between 5 and 15 years in order to determine if the prevalence rates differed between rural and urban school children. The study found the overall cumulative prevalence of asthma and/or wheezy breathing (AWB) to be 24.1% in the rural school children compared to 27.6% in the urban school children. Most children developed AWB symptoms before the age of 7 years, with 20% reporting moderately severe symptoms and 10% having more than one attack per fortnight. The cumulative prevalence of bronchitis, loose/rattly cough (BLRC) differed significantly between the rural school children (34.1%) and urban school children (47.9%). The BLRC symptoms preceded the development of AWB in many cases. Urban school children also reported a higher prevalence of atopic conditions.     

Hauttemperaturen verschiedener Körperoberflächenareale des Rumpfes bei Säuglingen

Summary In two groups of infants (3–53 weeks old) skin temperatures were controlled in different areas of the trunk—i.e.: regions of sternum, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys—at different room-temperatures (group I: 21–25°C; group II: 29–32°C). Rectal temperatures of some probands in both groups also had been controlled simultaneously. A definite change in the reaction to heat was proofed in different periods of the first year of life. In higher environmental temperatures the skin temperature was almost constant at every controll-point of the skin, even in older infants. In lower environmental temperatures the skin temperatures lowered continuously with age till 7. to 9. moth. From 10. to 12. month the lowering of skin temperature discontinued. The rectal temperatures were relatively constant in all infants. Only in infants from 7. to 12. month, whose skin temperatures were controlled in lower as well as in higher environmental temperatures, a tendency to higher rectal temperatures was proofed in warmer environmental temperatures.The significance of these results is discussed.

---

---

Untersuchungen mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Psychopathologie du syndrome d’Asperger et « aspérigisation » de la société contemporaine

The author has attempted here to point out, just for a start, the characteristics of Asperger syndrome from the point of view of psychopathology through a rereading of Hans Asperger's original paper (1944). This thesis merits reevaluation, if for no other reason than to fill the gaps in operational diagnostics based on the DSM. It is found by rereading that Asperger's view of the principal disturbances of autistic psychopathy include a “disturbance of natural evidence” or a “crisis of common sense”. This question of natural evidence that he evokes with regard to autistic psychopathy corresponds to W. Blankenburg's natural evidence, which constitutes a key concept for comprehending schizophrenia in the form poor-symptom (“symptomarme Schizophrenie”) that he observes in the speech of his patient Anne Rau. One can deduce from this that in terms of fundamental disturbances, Asperger syndrome and this “symptom-poor” schizophrenia overlap at the level of loss of natural evidence. It is moreover possible to classify Asperger syndrome among the disturbances of spacing in the sense meant by the evolutionary psychiatry of A. Stevens and J. Price. The author then develops our comprehension of Asperger syndrome from the point of view of the perspective proposed by the notion of resilience in people with Asperger syndrome and of the possibility for them, through these mechanisms of adaptation, to find in the organization of the personality of the “as if” type a position of relative equilibrium. They concur or overlap in the creation of crutches, of borrowed personalities secondarily legitimated by the reaction of the socius. This will end up in the production of inventions and œuvres (works). Clearly, one rarely encounters several cases that one could consider pertinently to be “successful” Asperger syndrome. Finally, the author notes that one can find a sort of isomorphism between Asperger syndrome and contemporary society when he proposes the term “asperigisation” to characterize our society, given that the equilibrium between emotion and logic is strongly disturbed in these patients, in whom logic undergoes hypertrophy while emotion is impoverished. From this perspective, the author hopes to suggest reasons for the increase in the number of cases of Asperger syndrome in the clinical setting and in society in general in our contemporary era.     

Bibliometric data: a disaster for many non-American biomedical journals

Bibliometric data published by the Institute of Scientific Information in Philadelphia (ISI), and which was previously discussed in Acta Paediatrica , has increasingly been used despite all the relevant and severe criticism that has been raised against this method of evaluating individual research results and grading scientific journals. It is obvious that the present trend regarding the use of bibliometric data as a basis for priorities and funding of research and for the promotion of individual scientists favours American-oriented research projects at the expense of those that are based on concepts of predominantly European relevance.

Conclusion: For the future of non-American research, it is important that no single super-power, i.e. the USA, should dominate scientific priorities. The condition for efficient European competition is that European Centres with high levels of competence for creative research and training of scientists from all over the world are established. In addition, it is important that the results of European research are published in prestigious European journals, as was the situation before World War II.     

�¶�֢��ϵ�ϰ���ע��ȱ�ݶද�ϰ������ڵ�ת��

孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.