高效液相色谱法同时测定复方氨酚烷胺胶囊中3种组分的含量

目的 :采用高效液相色谱法同时测定复方氨酚烷胺胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量。方法 :使用EclipseC18柱 (4.6mm× 15 0mm) ,柱温 30℃ ,流动相 :乙腈 pH3.0缓冲液 (15 :85 ) ;检测波长 2 14nm ;流速 1ml·min-1。结果 :采用高效液相色谱法测定对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量 ,线性范围分别为 2 0 0～ 12 0 0 ,12 .2 8～ 73.6 8,1.6～ 9.6 μg·ml-1,r =0 .9999;平均回收率分别为 99.8% (RSD =0 .6 % )、10 0 .0 % (RSD =0 .3% )、98.4 %(RSD =0 .9% )。结论 :本法简便快速准确 ,用高效液相色谱法同时测定复方氨酚烷胺胶囊中三个组分的含量 ,能更好地控制产品质量。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方氨酚烷胺胶囊中三组分含量

目的建立用高效液相色谱法测定复方氨酚烷胺胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏含量的方法。方法采用ODSC18柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钾-三乙胺(20∶80∶0.02)为流动相。结果对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏浓度线性范围分别为101.272～911.448,6.356～57.204,0.804～7.236μg/mL,平均回收率分别为99.21%,100.14%,101.37%,RSD分别为0.25%,0.27%,0.60%(n=5)。结论该方法准确、简便、快速,适于复方氨酚烷胺胶囊的含量测定。     

HPLC测定复方氨酚烷胺片中三组分含量

目的 探讨用高效液相色谱法HPLC测定复方氨酚烷胺片中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏含量的方法.方法 采用ODS C18柱,以甲醇-0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钾-三乙胺(20:80:0.02)为流动相,同时分离测定了上述三组分的含量,进行了系统适应性、回收率和精密度等方法学研究.结果 对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏线性分别为 101.272～911.448μg·ml-1、6.356～57.204μg/ml、0.804～7.236μg/ml,回收率分别为100.3%,101.2%,99.8%,RSD分别为0.1%,0.2%,0.9%(n=5).结论 该法准确、简便、快速,可适用于复方氨酚烷胺片的含量测定.     

HPLC法同时测定复方氨酚烷胺片中咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏的含量及含量均匀度

目的建立用高效液相色谱法同时测定复方氨酚烷胺片中咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏的含量及含量均匀度。方法色谱柱为Agilent TC-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);以乙腈-水-三乙胺(16∶84∶0.5)(用磷酸调节pH值至2.5)为流动相;流速为1.0 mL.min-1;检测波长为262 nm。结果咖啡因和马来酸氯苯那敏分别在0.596 8～2.387 2μg和0.080 1～0.320 3μg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,r值分别为1.000,0.999 9。平均回收率分别为99.7%,99.5%,RSD分别为0.59%,0.68%(n=9)。结论本方法专属性好,简便、快速、准确,适用于复方氨酚烷胺片中咖啡因和马来酸氯苯那敏含量及含量均匀度的测定。     

复方氨酚烷胺片（胶囊）中主成分含量均匀度测定

目的 建立测定复方氨酚烷胺片（胶囊）中咖啡因和马来酸氯苯那敏含量均匀度的高效液相色谱（HPLC）法,并探讨其对重量/装量差异的影响。方法 色谱柱为YMC-C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,流动相为0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液（pH 3.0）-甲醇（60∶40,V/V）,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为275 nm（对乙酰氨基酚）和225 nm（咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏）,柱温为35℃,进样量为5μL（对乙酰氨基酚）和20μL（咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏）。考察S值较大3家生产企业产品的重量/装量差异和主成分含量均匀度的关系。结果 44家复方氨酚烷胺片生产企业的106批样品中,主成分含量均匀度的合格率为91.84%(90/98);52家复方氨酚烷胶囊生产企业的135批样品中,胶囊剂主成分含量均匀度的合格率为94.87%(111/117)。片剂生产企业C、胶囊生产企业E的产品每片（粒）中3种主成分含量与片重（粒重）曲线高度一致,但重量/装量差异的RSD分别为3.31%和2.25%;胶囊企业K的产品装量差异的RSD为1.35%,但仅对乙酰氨基酚的含量同装量差异呈正相关。结论 ...     

气相色谱法同时测定复方氨酚烷胺片中4种成分的含量

目的:建立同时测定复方氨酚烷胺片中对乙酰氨基酚、盐酸金刚烷胺、咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏含量的方法。方法:采用气相色谱法。色谱柱为HP-5石英毛细管柱,程序升温,检测器为氢火焰离子化检测器,检测器温度为300℃,载气为氮气,流速为1.5 m L/min,分流比为20∶1,进样量为1μL。结果:对乙酰氨基酚、盐酸金刚烷胺、咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏检测质量浓度线性范围分别为156.0~4 990.4、125.7~4 023.2、19.14~612.4、2.515~80.48μg/m L(r均为0.999 9);定量限分别为1.4、0.5、1.1、0.9ng,检测限分别为0.4、0.2、0.3、0.3 ng;精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD<2.0%;加样回收率分别为99.59%~101.77%(RSD=0.8%,n=9)、99.56%~101.80%(RSD=0.7%,n=9)、98.44%~100.83%(RSD=0.7%,n=9)、100.05%~101.91%(RSD=0.6%,n=9)。结论:该方法简便快速、准确可靠,适用于复方氨酚烷胺片中对乙酰氨基酚、盐酸金刚烷胺、咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏的同时测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定小儿氨酚烷胺颗粒中两种组分的含量

目的采用高效液相色谱法同时测定小儿氨酚烷胺颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的含量。方法使用C18柱(Hypersil ODS2 5μm4.6mm×200mm),柱温30℃,流动相:乙腈-0.05mol.L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(15∶85);检测波长240nm;流速1.0mL.min-1。结果采用高效液相色谱法测定对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的含量,线性范围分别为60~140,3.0~10.5μg.mL-1r=0.9999,0.9998;平均回收率分别为100.9%(RSD=0.5%)、99.2%(RSD=1.2%)。结论用高效液相色谱法同时测定小儿氨酚烷胺颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的含量,方法简便快速准确,能更好地控制产品质量。     

HPLC测定复方氨酚烷胺片中的对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因和马来酸氯苯那敏

目的采用HPLC同时测定复方氨酚烷氨片中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏的含量,增加小剂量成分咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏含量均匀度检查的方法。方法采用C18柱,流动相为1%醋酸(二乙胺调pH3.7)-甲醇(62∶38),检测波长对乙酰氨基酚用246 nm,咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏用262 nm。结果对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏分别在0.1055～2.11μg(r=0.9999)、0.245～7.35μg(r=0.9997)、0.04216～0.8432μg(r=0.9999)与峰面积有良好的线性关系;平均回收率分别为98.7%、98.6%、101.1%(n=9)。结论所用方法操作简便、准确、重复性好,可用于复方氨酚烷氨片的质量控制。     

Determination of paracetamol, caffeine, chlorphenamine maleate in Compound paracetamol and amantadine hydrochloride tablets by HPLC

目的 采用HPLC同时测定复方氨酚烷氨片中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏的含量,增加小剂量成分咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏含量均匀度检查的方法.方法采 用C18柱,流动相为1％醋酸(二乙胺凋pH3.7)-甲醇(62∶38),检测波长对乙酰氨基酚用246 nm,咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏用262 nm.结果 对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏分别在0.1055 ～2.11μg(r=0.9999) 、0.245～7.35μg(r=0.9997) 、0.04216～0.8432 μg(r=0.9999)与峰面积有良好的线性关系;平均回收率分别为98.7％ 、98.6％、101.1％(n =9).结论 所用方法操作简便、准确、重复性好,可用于复方氨酚烷氨片的质量控制.     

HPLC法测定小儿速效感冒冲剂

目的 :应用高效液相色谱法测定小儿速效感冒冲剂中对乙酰氨基酚 ,咖啡因。马来酸氯苯那敏的含量。方法 :采用 CN柱(大连依利特 2 5 0 mm× 4.6 mm,5 μm) ,以甲醇 -水 (3∶ 97)为流动相 ,检测波长 2 37nm(对乙酰氨基酚 ,咖啡因 )。以庚烷磺酸钠溶液 -甲醇 -乙腈 (2 5∶ 30∶ 18)为流动相 ,检测波长 2 6 2 nm(马来酸氯苯那敏 )。结果 :平均回收率 (n=6 )对乙酰氨基酚 10 1.2 % ,RSD=1.19% ;咖啡因 98.7% ,RSD=0 .6 4% ;马来酸氯苯那敏 10 0 .9% ,RDS=0 .6 7%。结论 :该方法简单 ,快速 ,重现性好     

Blockade of hoarding in rats by diazepam: an analysis of the anxiety and object value hypotheses of hoarding

The security hypothesis suggests food hoarding by rats serves to preempt attack and therefore might be motivated by anxiety. The object value hypothesis suggests rats hoard objects that they perceive as valuable as related to some state or need. These hypotheses were evaluated with the anxiolytic drug diazepam, which is purported to both decrease anxiety and increase motivation to eat, and which accordingly either may decrease or increase hoarding. Using a new hoarding paradigm, diazepam (Valium: 0.25–5 mg/kg), was found to produce a dose-related reduction in hoarding that was dependent upon food pellet size and that was reversed by flumazenil (Ro 15-1788), a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Diazepam also slowed eating speed, blocked dodging, a movement used to initiate hoarding, and impaired spatial navigation in a learning-set swimming pool task. The results fail to support the object value hypothesis of hoarding. Since perception of food size, motivation, motor ability and spatial abilities all probably contribute to successful food hoarding, the results provide several explanations other than, or in addition to, anxiety reduction for the drug's effects on hoarding. Nevertheless, the study provides a number of new sensitive measures of the effects of anxiolytic drugs and new insights into their behavioral effects.     

Does Resilience Moderate the Relationship Between Stress and Smoking Status?

Background: There is a growing evidence that resilience to stress can promote nonsmoking. However, few studies have undertaken quantitative research to investigate whether resilience, generated by internal and external factors, moderates the impact of stress on the likelihood of smoking. Objective: This study aims to help fill this knowledge gap in relation to smokers and ex-smokers, and those people who have never smoked. Methods: A large online cross-sectional survey was administered in Australia (2015–2016) to collect data on demographic variables, levels of internal and external resilience, and stress from current and past smokers (n?=?400) and those who have never-smoked (n?=?921). Logistic regressions were employed to test our hypotheses. Results: Most participants were female (82%) and ranged between 18 and 77?years. Higher levels of reported perceived stress and stress-related variables did significantly predict smoking. The combined impact of internal and external resilience factors predicted never-smoking and lessened the relationship between perceived stress and stress-related variables, and the likelihood of smoking. Conclusion: These results are important because they suggest that the social environment should be developed to augment social support and internal properties such as developing “a strong sense of purpose in life” to encourage people not to commence smoking, rather than focus on smoking cessation.     

Addiction medicine and domestic violence

Domestic violence is a major medical and legal problem, resulting in a great many deaths and injuries each year. Alcohol and other drug dependencies are frequently found in both the perpetrators and victims of violence. This fact gives addiction medicine practitioners a unique opportunity to intervene in both life-threatening disorders. This article gives diagnostic and intervention guidelines for dealing with the issue of domestic violence in the addiction medicine patient population.     

Sensitivity of morphine-tolerant rats to muscarinic and dopaminergic agonists: Relation to tolerance or withdrawal

Male hooded Wistar rats were treated chronically once daily with morphine sulfate (20 mg/kg SC) after completing a session in an operant chamber. Periodical challenges with morphine (8 mg/kg) prior to the operant session established that tolerance development was virtually complete within 10 days. The morphine-treated rats were more sensitive to the behavioral suppressing effects of apomorphine, a dopamine agonist, and pilocarpine, an acetylcholine agonist, when administered in the tolerant state (morphine given 30 min prior to operant session), regardless of whether they were administered peripherally or directly into the striatum. Conversely, the morphine-treated rats were less sensitive to both agonists when administered in the withdrawal state (morphine given 24 h prior to the operant session). In animals undergoing a similar regimen of chronic morphine treatment, receptor binding studies revealed a lowered affinity (Higher K _D apparent) for the dopamine receptor in the striatum of morphine-withdrawn rats, using ³H-spiroperidol as the ligand. The morphine-withdrawn rats also appeared to have fewer muscarinic cholinergic receptors (lower B _max), using ³H-QNB as the ligand. The also had a lower concentration of membrane-bound phosphodiesterase modulator protein. In general, no significant differences were observed for the above parameters in the morphine-tolerant rats. These behavioral and neurochemical studies are consistent with the view that morphine-tolerant rats are supersensitive to dopamine and acetylcholine agonists and morphine-withdrawn rats are subsensitive.     

急重症自发性颅内出血的脑血管造影和栓塞处理

目的总结急重症自发性颅脑出血患者的血管内诊治中遇到的问题，找出解决对策。结果2例出现脑缺血表现，其中1例出现永久并发症；80％患者出现术中不配合，需要有效的镇静措施。     

Shaving effects on percutaneous penetration: clinical implications

Context: Human/animal shaving biology.

Objective: To assess the effect of shaving on percutaneous penetration and skin function.

Methods: We screened 500+publications in Pub Med, Scopus, Cochrane Library and pertinent journals out of which only 17 were deemed relevant. Terms for searches included shaving and skin, percutaneous penetration and shaving, skin absorption and shaving, absorption of dyes and shaving, skin penetration, effects of shaving and absorption, shave and dyes, axillary shaving and stratum corneum, shaving and breast cancer, shaving and infections, etc.

Result: Shaving appears to have an exaggerated effect on percutaneous absorption; however, some studies do not support this evidence.

Conclusion: Shaving enhances percutaneous penetration of some chemicals; however this effect is species and chemical specific. Further investigations of chemicals of varying physio-chemical properties are mandated before a generalized theory can be promulgated.     

Decreased potency of CNS depressants after prolonged social isolation in mice

Summary The duration of hypnosis induced by hexobarbital, pentobarbital, chloral hydrate or barbital was markedly reduced after prolonged social isolation of male mice. Hexobarbital and pentobarbital were affected more than chloral hydrate and barbital. The onset of barbital hypnosis was not affected. The in vitro metabolism of hexobarbital by hepatic microsomal enzymes was enhanced in isolated mice with an overall increase in liver weight. Mice deprived of social interaction gained righting reflex at a higher body level of hexobarbital as compared to the undeprived animals. These data show that chronic deprivation of social stimuli in mice increased the drug-metabolizing activity of hepatic microsomes and raised arousal levels such that CNS susceptibility to drugs was altered.This investigation was supported by PHS Training Grant No. 1T01ES 00104 from the Division of Environmental Health Sciences.     

十二指肠损伤的临床特点及诊治

目的探讨十二指肠损伤的临床特点及手术方法,以提高十二指肠损伤的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析1993-10～2003-11我科收治的30例十二指肠损伤患者的临床特点、诊治方法、手术方式及治疗效果。结果腹部X线透视、诊断性腹腔穿刺阳性率分别为24%(6/25)、30%(6/20)。单纯十二指肠损伤占20%(6/30),合并其他腹腔内脏器损伤占80%(24/30)。损伤部位以降部多见占46.67%(14/30),水平部次之占30%(9/30)。术后并发症发生率60%(18/30),病死率20%(6/30)。结论十二指肠损伤具有术前确诊率低、术中漏诊率高、合并损伤多的特点,故并发症发生率及病死率较高。因而掌握其特点,注重早期诊断、早期手术,根据术中具体情况选择简单而合理的手术方式是提高治愈率、降低病死率的关键。     

Behavioral effects of low level neonatal lead exposure

Rats exposed to lead via maternal milk were tested at various stages of development on a number of behavioral tasks. Beginning at paturition, the dams were given either tap water, 0.02%, or 0.10% lead acetate in the drinking water. Pups from all three groups were weaned to normal chow and tap water at 21 days of age. The mean lead concentration of the dam's blood and of neonatal (20 days of age) brain and blood were all below 50 microgram/100 ml. No significant differences were found between the high lead-exposed group and controls in general as measured by wheel running over a 21 day period beginning at 30 days of age. However, there was a significant difference in wheel running behavior during the first three hr of testing. Both lead-exposed groups were found to display significantly less aggressive behavior as measured by the shock-elicited aggression test. Low level lead exposure had no discernable effect on the acquisition and subsequent reversal of a successive brightness discrimination task. Lead exposure under these conditions appears to affect some aspects of emotional behavior, while having little effect on general activity or cognitive function.