全膝关节置换术中髌股关节轨迹不良的处理策略及疗效探讨

目的总结分析全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)中髌股关节轨迹不良的个体化处理策略及其治疗效果。方法选取2012年8月至2017年8月广州医科大学附属第二医院骨外科收治的145例(184膝)拟初次行保留髌骨TKA的膝关节病变患者作为研究对象,术中根据髌股关节轨迹不良情况酌情采用假体位置调整、髌骨修整成形、髌骨内外侧支持带张力调整及Goldthwait-Roux术处理,评估术前及术后疼痛视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、美国膝关节协会评分(knee society score,KSS)、Feller髌骨评分以及胫骨角、股骨角、胫骨后倾角及股骨屈曲角等假体力线相关参数变化情况,记录假体松动、髌骨坏死、髌骨骨折和骨溶解等并发症发生情况。结果术后所有患者均无假体松动、髌骨坏死、髌骨骨折和骨溶解等并发症发生;随访(16.72±4.16)个月,患者VAS评分明显低于术前(t=38.483,P=0.000),KSS评分、Feller髌骨评分均明显高于术前(t=36.110、17.700,P均=0.000),胫骨角、股骨角、胫骨后倾角、股骨屈曲角均明显大于术前(t=99.997、87.499、14.084、4.101,P均=0.000)。结论 TKA术中根据患者髌股关节轨迹不良情况个性化采用假体位置调整、髌骨修整成形、髌骨内外侧支持带张力调整及Goldthwait-Roux术处理,可纠正患者髌股关节轨迹不良,缓解膝前痛,改善膝关节功能,临床应用价值较高。     

股骨后髁角与股骨假体旋转对线在人工全膝关节置换术中的应用

全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)中,股骨假体对线决定了髌骨轨迹及膝关节屈膝间隙的稳定性[3].若股骨假体安放不当会导致髌骨与股骨假体的过度磨损,从而使假体寿命缩短或出现一系列髌骨并发症及膝前痛等症状.股骨外科上髁轴(surgical epicondylar axis,SEA)是膝关节屈伸旋转轴线.传统的根据股骨后髁轴(posterior condylar line,PCL)外旋3°截骨安放股骨假体的方案缺乏个性化,有学者建议在TKA之前行CT检查测量股骨后髁角(posterior condylar angle,PCA),从而使TKA术中股骨假体的旋转对线尽量与SEA平行,从而达到最好的力学重建效果[3].笔者通过测量TKA术后患者股骨假体PCA及髌骨适合角(congruence angle,CA)和外侧髌股角(lateral patellofemoral angle,LPTA),旨在分析术后假体PCA与CA及LPTA间的相关关系,以及不同手术方式对患者术后CA及LPTA的影响.     

全膝关节置换术后获得性低位髌骨的研究进展

获得性低位髌骨指继发于创伤或全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)等形成的以髌骨远离股骨滑车或髌韧带缩短为特点,是TKA术后髌骨不稳的表现之一.可能与术中髌骨外翻,不恰当的截骨,外侧松解,髌下脂肪垫的完全切除和髌腱短缩等相关[1-4].其中,由于膝关节线抬高而髌骨相对股骨处于正常位置所引起的髌骨位置异常称假性低位髌骨[1,2];由于髌韧带与胫骨上端之间瘢痕形成或髌韧带缩短而导致的髌骨位置异常称为真性低位髌骨[5]. 获得性低位髌骨的发生使得股膝关节结构改变,导致膝关节活动范围减小、伸肌滞后、膝前痛和假体磨损等[1 -3,6,7],从而影响TKA的疗效和增加患者的痛苦.近年来,国内外关于TKA术后获得性低位髌骨的研究有所报道,但未进行系统的分析和整理.因此,笔者回顾近期关于TKA术后获得性低位髌骨的诊断、病因、治疗及其与膝关节功能之间关系的相关研究进展.     

人工全膝关节置换术股骨截骨方法改良及效果

目的对人工全膝关节置换术股骨截骨方法进行改良,通过截骨厚度的测量和临床随访对改良截骨方法的手术效果进行评估。方法改良股骨截骨模板,股骨后髁截骨厚度增加3mm。对81例人工全膝关节置换术中的各向截骨厚度进行测量,分为膝内翻和膝外翻两组,对截骨厚度和假体厚度进行比较分析。术后平均随访27.1个月。结果全组患者屈膝间隙和伸膝间隙平均截骨厚度均小于假体厚度。膝内翻和膝外翻组间除股骨后髁内侧截骨厚度外,各项测量值间差异均存在显著性意义(P<0.01)。膝内翻组内侧屈伸膝间隙截骨厚度和假体厚度差异最大;膝外翻组,外侧屈伸膝间隙截骨厚度和假体厚度差异最大。膝内翻组,外侧屈膝间隙存在过度截骨(0.57mm);膝外翻组,内侧屈膝间隙存在过度截骨(0.92mm)。术后关节活动度良好,仅7%的患者存在轻度屈膝不稳,无中重度不稳。结论对股骨截骨模板的改良是可行的,股骨后髁截骨厚度增加3mm不会出现过度截骨和屈膝不稳的情况。     

全膝关节置换术中髌骨处理方法的研究

目的 比较全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)中保留髌骨下进行髌骨成形与髌骨置换的术后临床疗效,探讨膝关节置换中合适的髌骨处理方法.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月-2008年12月收治的共198例行TKA治疗的单纯骨关节炎患者,其中62例行髌骨置换术,136例行保留髌骨下髌骨成形术.术中对髌骨进行去除骨赘后进行成形,使之与原髌骨关节面比较相近.术后定期随访进行美国膝关节协会评分(KSS)、Bristol髌骨评分、患者满意度、膝关节活动度及分析术后膝前疼痛发生率,并复查X线片了解内置物情况.结果 共125例获得随访,其中置换组43例,成形组82例,随访时间36～80个月,平均51个月.两组患者术后较术前各项评分明显提高.术后1年随访时两组患者术后膝关节活动度、KSS总评分、髌骨评分、患者满意度差异无统计学意义,而KSS功能评分两组之间差异有统计学意义,成形组优于置换组.而术后膝前疼痛发生率两者有差异但无统计学意义.术后X线片示髌股匹配程度、术后膝前疼痛发生率及髌骨相关并发症发生率两组间差异无统计学意义.结论 髌骨成形术在TKA中髌骨不置换时能够使髌股关节达到良好匹配,术后膝前疼痛发生率低,中短期疗效与髌骨置换相当.     

旋转平台高屈曲型人工全膝关节置换术的临床应用

目的 探讨旋转平台高屈曲型人工全膝关节置换术(total knee replacements,TKR)的特点及临床效果.方法 对61例患者(78膝)行旋转平台高屈曲型(Sigma RP-F)人工TKR,其中17例为双侧膝关节置换.男13例15膝,女48例63膝;年龄45～79岁,平均64.3岁.术前诊断:膝骨关节炎56例,类风湿关节炎5例.采用正中切口髌旁内侧入路,所有膝关节都未进行髌骨置换,但对髌骨进行去神经化和修复术.结果 本组随访3～16个月,平均10.5个月.影像学显示无松动,无髌骨翘起、半脱位或脱位.临床评定采用美国膝关节学会(KSS)评分,术前平均膝评分48分(33～72分),膝功能评分41分(28～63分),术后随访膝评分97分(88～100分),膝功能评分96分(84～99分),膝关节活动度平均为(130.)(110.～150.),未发现假体旋出、不稳定或感染的患者.结论 旋转平台高屈曲人工全膝关节可提供足够的关节接触面积、全程的髌骨轨迹、足够的胫骨关节轴向旋转自由度,使膝关节可安全达到高屈曲的目的,近期随访疗效满意,但是否达到实验室分析的减少磨损、增加假体使用寿命的目的仍需进一步随访.     

外侧结构松解治疗轻、中度习惯性髌骨脱位:一项回顾性临床研究

目的:探讨外侧结构松解治疗轻、中度习惯性髌骨脱位(HDP)的临床疗效。方法:2010年4月至2014年4月,共51例习惯性髌骨脱位患者接受手术治疗,符合入选标准的患者23例。全部患者采用外侧结构松解手术,包括单纯髌骨外侧支持带松解、外侧支持带松解合并股外侧肌松解,其他辅助手术包括内侧髌骨股骨韧带(MPFL)重建和胫骨结节內移截骨术。术后4周、8周、1年以及此后的每年进行主客观临床评估和影像学评估。结果:共21例患者获得2年以上随访,平均年龄为25.0±7.4岁(17至38岁),平均随访30.5±5.8个月(24至46个月)。单纯外侧支持带松解术占42.9%(9/21),外侧支持带合并股外侧肌松解术占57.1%(12/21)。术后及末次随访时均没有外侧再脱位。全部主观评分结果的改善均有统计学意义。结论:对于伸膝装置轻、中度短缩的习惯性髌骨脱位,采用外侧松解技术可以获得满意的疗效。     

拉网式松解技术在人工膝关节置换术治疗重度外翻膝中临床应用

目的探讨拉网式松解技术在人工膝关节置换术治疗外翻膝中的安全性及疗效。方法回顾性分析2014年10月至2015年5月北京积水潭医院矫形骨科采用人工膝关节置换术治疗的膝关节外翻畸形患者20例(23膝)的临床资料。所有患者均进行膝关节置换手术治疗,在术后1、3、6个月及1年进行随访,拍摄膝关节负重位X线影像、下肢全长X线影像,观察有无腓总神经损伤的症状,并进行美国膝关节协会(KSS)评分。结果本组20例患者,18例使用后稳定型假体,2例使用限制性假体。全部患者膝关节置换术中行外侧软组织的拉网式松解,松解深度≤5 mm。平均手术时间(79±12)min,平均出血量(150±30)ml,术中及术后无输异体血,术后伤口平均引流量(190±70)ml。术后第1天患者可以扶拐杖下地活动。术后和随访过程中均未发现腓总神经损伤的并发症。KSS评分从术前的(39±10)分提高至术后的(91±6)分,术前、术后KSS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论拉网式松解技术是人工膝关节置换术治疗膝关节外翻畸形的有效方法,松解深度≤5 mm安全、有效,可以得到满意的软组织平衡。     

治疗成年人重度习惯性髌骨脱位的新方法:以胫骨结节近端移位术为核心的“四合一”联合手术北大核心CSCD

目的:探究以胫骨结节近端移位术为核心的"四合一"联合术式治疗成年人重度习惯性髌骨脱位的早期临床疗效。方法:2014年1月至2016年5月,43例(47例膝关节)习惯性髌骨脱位患者在我院接受治疗。其中11例患者(11例膝关节)被诊断为重度习惯性髌骨脱位并接受"四合一"联合手术,该联合手术包括胫骨结节近端移位术、外侧结构广泛松解术、胫骨结节内移术以及内侧髌骨股骨韧带重建术。术前及术后末次随访时临床评估主要包括体格检查、影像学测量以及主观评分。结果:全部11例患者均获得2年以上随访,随访时间平均为34.9个月(25至46个月)。术前所有患者均在屈膝角度小于30°时发生髌骨脱位,末次随访时,所有患者均未再脱位。影像学测量方面,适合角由术前73.4°±17.0°改善至术后-7.1°±5.8°(P<0.01)。外侧髌股角由术前-65.6°±9.4°改善至术后6.1°±2.7°(P<0.01),术后与术前差异均有统计学意义。主观评分方面,Kujala评分由术前平均42.9分提高至术后平均95.2分,差异存在统计学意义。结论:采用以胫骨结节近端移位术为核心的"四合一"联合术式治疗成年人重度习惯性髌骨脱位可以使患者获得满意的短期临床疗效。     

数字化快速成型技术在全膝关节置换术中应用

目的探究数字化快速成型技术在全膝关节置换术(TKA)中应用的可行性及临床疗效。方法选择1例需行TKA的骨性关节炎患者,通过三维重建得到患者膝关节的DICOM格式数据;借助于医学影像控制系统Mimics 15.0和三维工程设计软件Unigraphics NX 9.0进行计算分析、图像处理等操作,建立与患者股骨髁和胫骨平台三维互补的膝关节截骨导向板的数字模型;然后,依靠快速成型技术打印制作的截骨导向板实物模型,通过截骨导航模板与膝关节紧密贴合,按照预先设计的截骨通道进行膝关节截骨。结果患者截骨操作顺利,TKA手术时间115 min,术中出血约450 ml;术后X线影像显示,膝关节假体在位正常,关节间隙变宽,膝关节外翻畸形完全矫正;术后2周膝关节HSS功能评分为89.6。结论数字化快速成型技术在TKA的个体治疗中,具有快速性、个体化、精确性高及损伤小等优点,临床疗效确切。     

High tibial osteotomy that does not cause recurrence of varus deformity for medial gonarthrosis

It is widely accepted that high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is an effective surgical treatment for medial gonarthrosis. However, long-term follow-up studies have revealed that the clinical results deteriorate over time and varus deformity often recurs. We performed barrel-vault osteotomy in HTO with a correction angle that did not cause arthritic progression in the medial compartment of the knee or recurrence of varus deformity. Thirty patients (44 knees) were followed clinically and radiographically for a minimum of 10 years (average, 11.4 years). We aimed for an average postoperative femorotibial angle (FTA) of 165.3° (range, 162–169°) according to our method using a correction angle chosen on the basis of the so-called Mikulicz’s mechanical axis. The clinical results were good in 30 (68.2%) knees, fair in 7 (15.9%) and poor in 7 (15.9%). Arthritic progression in the medial compartment was only found in 1 (2.3%) knee, while in the lateral compartment it was found in 17 (38.6%) knees. Of the knees with arthritic progression in the lateral compartment, six (35.3%) were classified as poor. The average postoperative FTAs were 164.3° at 1 year, 164.0° at 5 years and 163.5° at 10 years after the operation, indicating that the knees tended to become slightly valgus over time. The clinical results were not poor after slightly overcorrected osteotomy was performed. Since overcorrection tended to occur, when the preoperative lateral tibial thrust was severe, HTO is not a good indication for such cases.     

Total knee arthroplasty in severe valgus knee deformity: comparison of a standard medial parapatellar approach combined with tibial tubercle osteotomy

Purpose  

Primary TKA in valgus knees with a deformity of more than ten degrees may prove challenging, since bone and soft tissue abnormalities make accurate axis restoration, component orientation and joint stability attainment a difficult task. The purpose of this study was to determine which approach is optimal in these patients, by comparing the standard medial parapatellar approach to a lateral parapatellar combined with a tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO).     

The influence of open and closed high tibial osteotomy on dynamic patellar tracking: a biomechanical study

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) can cause alterations in patellar height, depending on the surgical technique, the amount of correction and the postoperative management. Alterations in patella location after HTO may lead to postoperative complications. However, information on changes in dynamic patellar kinematics following HTO is very limited. We conducted a biomechanical study, to analyze the effect of open (OWO) and closed wedge osteotomy (CWO) on patellar tracking. Using an inventive experimental set-up, we studied the 3D dynamic patellar tracking in ten cadaver knees before and after valgus HTO. In each specimen, corrections of 7° and 15° of valgus according to, both, the OWO and CWO technique, were performed. Patellar height significantly increased with CWO and decreased with OWO. Both, OWO and CWO led to significant changes in the patellar tracking parameters tilt and rotation. We also found significant differences between OWO and CWO. Valgus high tibial osteotomy increased the medial patellar tilt and reduced the medial patellar rotation. These effects were more profound after OWO. No significant differences were found for the effect on medial–lateral patellar translation. These observations can be taken into consideration in the decision whether to perform an OWO or a CWO in a patient with medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee.     

Evaluation of patellar height and measurement methods after valgus high tibial osteotomy

Several controversies exist regarding the surgical difficulties and the results of total knee arthroplasty performed after failed valgus high tibial osteotomy (HTO), and the main subject is the change in patellar height that results as patella baja or infera. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate patellar height after valgus HTO and the measurement methods that were actually used. Eighty-five knees that were subjected to valgus HTO were evaluated both preoperatively and postoperatively according to the Insall-Salvati Index (ISI), Blackburne-Peel Index (BPI), and Caton Index (CI) to assess any alteration of patellar tendon height that was present. All cases underwent closing wedge osteotomy with three staples or plate internal fixation and were allowed early range of motion. Significant decrease in mean patellar height ratios was detected according to all three indexes at 85 months of mean follow-up. The percentages of the decrease were 8.26% in ISI, 9.08% in BPI, and 6.34% in CI. Two knees showed patella infera according to ISI, one according to BPI and three according to CI. There were no significant correlations between the indexes and clinical status of the patients. Elevation of patella relative to the femur in closing wedge valgus HTO procedure due to the shortening of the segment between tibial tuberosity and joint line is normally expected. A significant decrease in patellar height according to ISI suggests that there should be patellar tendon shortening as patellar height cannot be changed. BPI and CI for determining patellar height in valgus HTO do not accurately measure the alteration of patella because they may affect the tibial inclination and antero-posterior translation of the proximal fragment. Another measuring system based on femoral reference points should be proposed to determine the exact change of patellar height in the valgus HTO procedure.     

Tibial slope changes following dome-type high tibial osteotomy

The tibial slope is essential in knee biomechanics, both for ligament function and knee kinematics. High tibial osteotomy (HTO) designed primarily to correct frontal plane malalignment in osteoarthritis of the knee joint can cause unintentional tibial slope changes. We evaluated tibial slope changes in 40 knees in patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis treated by dome-type HTO and external fixation on one side, and followed up for 55 months on average. Four different tibial slope measurement methods (anterior tibial cortex, proximal tibial anatomic axis, posterior tibial cortex, and proximal fibular anatomic axis) were used preoperatively and postoperatively on both sides. Patients were allocated into three groups according to their final frontal plane alignment of the knee joint (hypercorrection, normocorrection, and undercorrection groups) based on tibiofemoral anatomic axis angle. As a whole, preoperative slope values (11.2°, 7.5°, 5.6°, and 8.2° for the four methods, respectively) displayed a significant decrease postoperatively (on average 7.9°, 4.8°, 2.2°, and 3.7°, respectively). Patients with undercorrection (or recurrence of deformity) had a more remarkable decrease in slope than those with normocorrection or hypercorrection. The higher the degree of postoperative mechanical axis valgus, the higher the degree of posterior tibial slope that resulted. Sagittal plane changes after dome-type HTO basically decreasing the tibial slope should be taken into account for subsequent reconstructive procedures such as total knee arthroplasty.     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗严重畸形膝关节临床研究

目的：探讨人工全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty, TKA）治疗严重畸形膝关节的手术方法和临床疗效。方法对人工全膝关节置换术916例（1031膝）,严重畸形膝关节置换术80例,其中56例（70膝）成功随访。严重内翻畸形19例（23膝）、严重外翻畸形21例（27膝）、严重屈曲畸形16例（20膝）。术后平均随访时间60个月（6个月～10年）。对膝关节屈伸活动度、HSS、KSS膝关节评分系统对手术前后进行回顾性研究。结果膝关节屈伸活动度由术前平均80°（伸直0°～屈曲120°）提高到术后115°（伸直0°～屈曲130°）,膝关节评分系统 HSS、KSS术前及随访时比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,KSS评分：临床评分由术前平均33分（10～68分）提高到术后平均81分（70～100分）,HSS临床评分由术前平均43分（27～68分）提高到术后平均86分（72～100分）。膝内外翻、屈曲挛缩畸形得到较好矫正。结论严重畸形膝关节通过关节置换术同样能恢复正常的关节功能,提高了患者生活质量,获得满意的临床疗效。     

Partial restoration of knee kinematics in severe valgus deformity using the medial-pivot total knee arthroplasty

Purpose

The objectives of the study were to examine knee kinematics in knees with severe valgus deformities and to compare pre- and post-operative knee kinematics for the same subjects implanted with medial-pivot total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

Seven subjects with severe valgus deformities due to osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were enrolled in the prospective study. Prior to TKA, three-dimensional (3D) kinematics were assessed by 3D to 2D registration technique using the image matching software ‘Knee Motion’, under in vivo, weight-bearing conditions. Postoperatively, each subject again performed the same motion under fluoroscopic surveillance.

Results

Preoperative kinematics demonstrated external rotation of tibias from extension to flexion, and small posterior femoral translations dominated in the medial condyle associated with anterior slides during partial range of motion. Postoperatively, these non-physiological tibial rotations were restored, and most subjects exhibited small internal rotations of tibias. On average, preoperative tibial internal rotation was ?4.7° ± 7.6° from full extension to maximum flexion, and the angle was 4.8° ± 3.1° postoperatively (p = 0.01). In addition, small amounts of posterior translation of the lateral condyle and anterior translation of the medial condyle were confirmed in most subjects postoperatively.

Conclusions

The study showed that the preoperative kinematic pattern established in severe valgus deformity was different from the physiological knee pattern. In addition, post-operative results suggest that the non-physiological kinematics were partially restored after TKA by using the prosthesis design even in the absence of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and the cam–post mechanism.

Level of evidence

II.     

The patella and tibial condyle position after combined and after closing wedge high tibial osteotomy

High tibial osteotomy changes the patella and tibial condyle position, which makes the subsequent total knee replacement technically demanding. From 1 January 1993 to 31 December 2000, combined osteotomy [After the first osteotomy made 2 cm distally to the joint line, a bone wedge is removed based laterally. Its tip ends at the center of the tibial condyle (half bone wedge). The distal part of the tibia is placed into the valgus position and the half bone wedge is placed into the gap opened medially.] was performed on 103 knees and closing wedge osteotomy was performed on 47 consecutive knees. Eighty combined (group A) and 41 closing wedge (group B) osteotomy were studied. All knees were assessed radiologically before surgery, in the 10th postoperative week, in the 12th postoperative month and at the time of the final follow-up (in group A—66.15 months, in group B—66.61 months). We examined the change of the femorotibial angle, of the patellar height according to the method of Insall and Salvati, of the tibial slope angle according to the method of Bonnin, of the tibial condylar offset according to the method of Yoshida and of the distance between the lateral tibial plateau and the top of the fibular head. In group A and B, the recurrence of the varus deformity was not noted and valgus alignment did not increase in any case. In group-A, the Insall–Salvati ratio remained unchanged in 65% of knees. The tibial slope angle decreased in both groups. There was correlation between the change of the tibial condylar offset and the angle of the correction in both groups. There was correlation between the change of the distance between the lateral tibial plateau and the top of the fibular head. After combined osteotomy, the transposition of the tibial condyle and the decrease of the distance between the lateral tibial plateau and the top of the fibular head was less than after closing wedge osteotomy, although the average angle of correction was more after combined osteotomy (11.835°), than after closing wedge osteotomy (9.465°). Theoretically, the recurrence of the varus deformity, the increase of the valgus alignment and (in majority of cases) the shortening of the patellar tendon do not compromise the likelihood of successful conversion to the subsequent total knee replacement, either after combined or after closing wedge osteotomy. The combined osteotomy does not lead to considerable transposition of the tibial condyle and to considerable lateral tibial bone loss; therefore, theoretically, the combined osteotomy does not impair the subsequent total knee replacement.     

Anatomical double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction after valgus high tibial osteotomy: a biomechanical study

BACKGROUND: Although anatomical double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can successfully restore normal knee biomechanics for knees with typical varus-valgus alignment, the efficacy of the same reconstruction method for knees after a valgus high tibial osteotomy is unclear. HYPOTHESIS: Anatomical double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for valgus knees after a high tibial osteotomy cannot restore normal knee kinematics and can result in abnormally high in situ forces in the ligament graft. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Ten cadaveric knees were subjected to valgus high tibial osteotomy followed by an anatomical double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The valgus knees were tested using a robotic/universal force-moment sensor system before and after the ligament reconstruction. The knee kinematics in response to anterior tibial load and combined rotatory loads, as well as the corresponding in situ forces of the anterior cruciate ligament bundles and grafts, were compared between the ligament-intact and ligament-reconstructed valgus knees. RESULTS: After reconstruction, the anterior tibial translation and internal tibial rotation for the valgus knee decreased approximately 2 mm and 2 degrees , respectively, at low flexion angles compared with those of the anterior cruciate ligament-intact knee (P < .05). The in situ forces in the posterolateral graft became 56% to 200% higher than those in the posterolateral bundle of the intact anterior cruciate ligament (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Performing an anatomical double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on knees after valgus high tibial osteotomy may overconstrain the knee and result in high forces in the posterolateral graft, which could predispose it to failure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Modifications of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction procedures to reduce posterolateral graft force may be needed for valgus knees after a high tibial osteotomy.