清利冲剂治疗急性肾盂肾炎动物模型的实验研究

目的：探讨清利冲剂治疗急性肾盂肾炎的治疗作用及机理。方法：用膀胱内注射大肠杆菌，一侧输尿管暂时结扎的方法建立大鼠急性逆行肾盂肾炎动物模型，观察清利冲剂治疗后肾脏大体形态，细菌学和病理学变化。结果：治疗后，治疗各组大鼠的患肾形态和病理明显改善，肾组织和尿细菌培养阳性率明显减少，尤以清利冲剂量组明显。结论：清利冲剂能有效地抑制患鼠尿液和左肾组织中细菌的生长，改善患肾的病理组织状态。     

大承气冲剂对腹腔感染家兔肠运动功能的影响

目的：观察大承气冲剂对感染性腹膜炎的治疗作用。方法：采用盲肠结扎加穿孔的方法，制备家兔腹腔感染模型并观察大承气冲剂对实验动物末端回肠蠕动、肠腔压力的影响。结果：大承气冲剂和西沙比利组与生理盐水组比较均有明显提高腹腔感染家兔小肠的运动功能（Ｐ＜０．０５）；大承气冲剂与西沙比利组比较在６０、９０和１２０ｍｉｎ时间段上肠运动功能明显增强（Ｐ＜０．０５），且作用时间较长。结论：大承气冲剂能够增强腹腔感染家兔肠运动功能，且较西沙比利作用为强，持续时间长     

固本通络冲剂治疗IgA肾病的临床疗效观察

目的：研究中药复方固本通络冲剂治疗IgA肾病的治疗效果及疗效特点。方法：对肾活检证实的IgA肾病患随机分为固本通络冲剂治疗组（50例）及潘生丁对照组（30例）进行疗效观察及疗效特点分析，疗程3个月。结果：固本通络冲剂治疗IgA肾病病人总有效率为88％，对照组为30％，有显性差异（P＜0．01）。结论：固本通络冲剂是治疗IgA肾病的有效中药复方制剂。     

中华沙棘果汁预防胆色素结石的动物实验研究

目的：探讨中华沙棘果汁预防胆结石的作用。方法：以低蛋白食饵建立豚鼠胆结石模型，同时给予饮用中华沙棘果汁，与对照组比较，观察豚鼠成石率及胆汁脂类含量的变化。结果：中华沙棘果汁可降低动物模型的成石率，并可促进胆汁酸的合成与分泌，保护肝细胞免受致石食饵的损伤。结论：中华沙棘果汁成分具有预防胆色素结石形成的作用。     

大承气汤冲剂术后早期使用的临床观察

目的：观察大承气汤冲剂术后早期使用促进肠功能早期恢复，提高围手术期治疗效果的作用。方法：选择上腹部手术病人１００例，随机分为中药组和对照组。中药组在术后１～３ｄ给予大承气汤冲剂，从术后肠音恢复时间、排气、排便和进食时间、肺通气功能和血氧饱和度变化、血浆内毒素及胃动素变化等指标进行了观察。结果：术后早期在没有禁忌症条件下，服用大承气汤冲剂，使进食和排便时间提前，加快术后的恢复，同时肺功能ＳａＯ２和ＦＥＶ１．０（％ＰＲＥＤ）也得到改善，促进血浆内毒素水平早期下降及胃动素水平提高等。结论：术后早期使用大承气汤冲剂具有提高围手术期治疗效果，预防肠源性感染的作用。     

固本通络冲剂治疗IgA肾病的实验研究

目的：在中药复方固本通络冲剂治疗IgA肾病取得显临床疗效的基础上，进行动物实验以探讨其临床疗效作用机理。方法：采用口服0．1％牛血清白蛋白及静注葡萄球菌肠毒素B制成的小鼠IgA肾病模型。并用固本通络冲剂进行治疗并分析其作用机理。结果：动物实验表明固本通络冲剂降低蛋白尿作用与临床结果一致，对肾组织病理损害、肾组织SOD、GSH—PX活性、MDA含量亦有显改善作用。结论：固本通络冲剂作用机理可能与提高活性氧清除酶类的活性，减少肾组织过氧化脂质，从而减轻肾组织病理损害有关。     

肾安冲剂对阿霉素肾病大鼠的治疗作用

目的：观察肾安冲剂对阿霉素肾病大鼠的治疗作用。方法：SD大鼠尾静脉注射阿霉素建立肾病综合征模型。雄性SD大鼠72只,随机分为6组：正常对照组、模型组、肾安冲剂小剂量组、肾安冲剂中剂量组、肾安冲剂大剂量组和泼尼松组,每组12只。连续给药8周,观察肾安冲剂对阿霉素肾病大鼠的24h尿蛋白、血清白蛋白、血清胆固醇、三酰甘油及肾组织病理形态学等方面的影响。结果：（1）与正常组比较,模型组24h尿蛋白定量、血脂水平明显升高,血清白蛋白水平明显降低（均P〈0.01）;（2）与模型组比较,各治疗组大鼠24h尿蛋白定量、血脂水平明显降低,血清白蛋白水平明显升高（均P〈0.01）;（3）肾安冲剂治疗组各指标与泼尼松组比较均有统计学差异（均P〈0.01）,说明肾安冲剂疗效优于泼尼松。结论：肾安冲剂具有降低尿蛋白、升高血清白蛋白水平,降低血脂以及减轻肾脏损害的作用。     

腑安冲剂对实验性腹膜炎内毒素血症的影响及对肺脏的？…

采用Ｏ１１１Ｂ４大肠杆菌腹腔注射的方法诱发大鼠实验性腹膜炎，按Ｌ８（２＾７）正交设计法观察腑安冲剂及其组分对实验性腹膜炎大鼠内毒素血症的影响及对肺脏的保护作用。结果显示：腑安冲剂及其组分能降低外周血内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子及肺组织丙二醛的含量，并有增加肺组织谷胱甘肽含量及降低肺系数、肺灌洗液中蛋白含量及白细胞数等显著作用。经多指标同步分析表明：用腑安冲剂治疗腹膜炎、内毒素血症及减轻肺损伤以全方为最佳组     

纳米微针经皮导入传明酸精华液治疗黄褐斑疗效观察

目的：观察纳米微针经皮导入传明酸精华液治疗黄褐斑的临床疗效和安全性。方法：选取福州市第一医院皮肤科60例面部黄褐斑患者，采取随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组，每组30例。对照组仅涂抹传明酸精华液，观察组采用纳米微针经皮导入传明酸精华液进行治疗。两组均1次/周，共治疗8周。分别于治疗前、治疗8周后进行黄褐斑面积及严重程度（Melasma area severity index,MASI）评分、生活质量（Dermatology life quality index,DLQI）评分、皮肤色斑（VISIA）评分；于治疗过程中观察不良反应发生情况，治疗结束后评估临床疗效。结果：与治疗前比较，观察组治疗后MASI评分明显降低，两组治疗后DLQI、VISI评分均明显降低，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与对照组比较，观察组治疗后MASI、DLQI、VISIA评分均明显更低，临床疗效明显更高，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：纳米微针导入传明酸精华液经皮给药治疗颜面部黄褐斑可以有效去除色斑，改善肤质，临床疗效好、安全性高，值得临床推广应用。     

腑安冲剂对实验性腹膜炎内毒素血症的影响及对肺脏的保护作用

采用Ｏ１１１Ｂ４大肠杆菌腹腔注射的方法诱发大鼠实验性腹膜炎，按Ｌ８（２７）正交设计法观察腑安冲剂及其组分对实验性腹膜炎大鼠内毒素血症的影响及对肺脏的保护作用。结果显示：腑安冲剂及其组分能降低外周血内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子及肺组织丙二醛的含量，并有增加肺组织谷胱甘肽含量及降低肺系数、肺灌洗液中蛋白含量及白细胞数等显著作用。经多指标同步分析表明：用腑安冲剂治疗腹膜炎、内毒素血症及减轻肺损伤以全方为最佳组方，从而进一步论证了用药处方的合理性与科学性。     

补精活血颗粒治疗肝肾阴虚型黄褐斑的临床观察

目的：观察补精活血颗粒治疗黄褐斑的临床疗效。方法：将122例患者随机分为两组,治疗组61例,采用补精活血颗粒治疗;对照组61例,采用维生素C、维生素E治疗。结果：治疗组总有效率为93.22%,对照组为78.33%,两组比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01）。结论：补精活血颗粒能有效治疗黄褐斑,且临床疗效明显优于维生素C和E的联合疗法。     

Lactic Acid as a New Therapeutic Peeling Agent in Melasma

BACKGROUND: Melasma is a common disfiguring skin problem. Multiple modalities have been used in the treatment of melasma, such as bleaching agents and chemical peels. Many chemicals have been used in the skin peeling for melasma, such as Jessner's solution and glycolic acid. Lactic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid that has not been used before in chemical peeling of melasma. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lactic acid in chemical peeling of melasma. METHODS: This study was conducted at the outpatient Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, in the period between April 2001 and August 2002. Twenty patients with melasma were included in this study; 18 (90%) were female and 2 (10%) were male, with an age range from 24 to 38 years and a mean of 29 +/- 4.264 SD. Full clinical examination was done of all patients, including Wood's light. The severity of melasma was assessed by the Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI). Pure lactic acid, full strength (92%; pH 3.5), was used as a new peeling agent. The chemical peeling sessions were done every 3 weeks until the desired response was achieved, but not more than six sessions. Follow-up was carried out for 6 months after the last session. All patients had skin type IV; morphologic forms of melasma were a mask-like shape in seven patients (35%), a butterfly shape in nine patients (45%), and a horseshoe shape in 4 patients (20%). RESULTS: Eight patients defaulted from the study after the first session for unknown reasons. Twelve patients completed the study. Eleven patients were female (91.7%), and one patient was male (8.3%). Their ages ranged from 24 to 38 years, with a mean of 29.25 +/- 4.9 SD. Wood's light examination showed increased contrast in all patients (epidermal melasma). The number of sessions ranged from two to six. All 12 patients showed marked improvement, as calculated by the MASI score before and after treatment, and the response was highly statistically significant. No side effect was recorded in all treated patients. CONCLUSION: Lactic acid was found to be a new effective and safe peeling agent in the treatment of melasma.     

Lactic Acid Chemical Peels as a New Therapeutic Modality in Melasma in Comparison to Jessner''s Solution Chemical Peels

BACKGROUND: Many chemicals have been used in the skin peeling for melasma such as Jessner's solution and glycolic acid. Lactic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid that has not been used before in chemical peeling of melasma. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lactic acid in chemical peeling of melasma in comparison to Jessner's solution chemical peels. METHODS: This study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Baghdad Hospital, in the period between April 2001 and August 2002. Thirty patients with melasma were included in this study. They were mostly of skin type IV according to Fitzpatrick's classification, 26 (86.67%) were women, and 4 (13.33%) were men, with an age range from 18 and 50 years (mean+/-SD, 33.53+/-6.96 years). Full clinical examination was done to all patients including Wood's light. The severity of melasma was assessed by MASI (Melasma Area Severity Index). Pure lactic acid full strength (92%, pH 3.5) was used as a new peeling agent on the left side of the face while Jessner's solution was applied to the right side of the face. The chemical peeling sessions were done every 3 weeks until the desired response was achieved. Follow-up was carried out for 6 months after the last session. RESULTS: Six patients were defaulted from the study after the first session for unknown reasons. Twenty-four patients completed the study. Twenty (83.33%) were women and four were men (16.67%). Wood's light examination showed increased contrast in all patients of mostly epidermal melasma. The number of sessions ranged from 2 to 5. All patients showed marked improvement as calculated by MASI score before and after treatment, and the response was highly statistically significant. No side effect was recorded in all treated patients. CONCLUSION: Lactic acid was found to be an effective and safe peeling agent in the treatment of melasma, and it was as effective as Jessner's solution.     

非剥脱性Q开关Nd：YAG 1 064 nm激光对黄褐斑的治疗效果

目的 观察非剥脱性Q开关Nd：YAG 1 064 nm激光对黄褐斑的治疗效果.方法 应用Q开关Nd：YAG 1 064 nm激光对23例黄褐斑患者进行治疗,其光斑直径6 mm,脉宽5～7 ns,频率10 Hz,能量密度1.8～2.0 J/cm2.一般需8～10次治疗,每次治疗间隔1周.结果 23例经8～10次治疗后,黄褐斑明显淡化或消失,局部出现轻度充血,无水泡和结痂形成,基本治愈率达52.17%.5例出现眼睑紫癜,3 d后自行消退,无色素沉着及瘢痕发生.术后随访6个月以上,其中7例（占30.4%）出现复发,继续治疗仍然有效.结论 非剥脱性Q开关Nd：YAG 1 064 nm激光治疗黄褐斑虽有复发,仍不失为一种比较可行的治疗方法 ,有一定效果,操作简单、安全,不影响患者的工作和生活.     

非剥脱性Q开关Nd:YAG 1 064 nm激光对黄褐斑的治疗效果

目的 观察非剥脱性Q开关Nd:YAG 1 064 nm激光对黄褐斑的治疗效果.方法 应用Q开关Nd:YAG 1 064 nm激光对23例黄褐斑患者进行治疗,其光斑直径6 mm,脉宽5～7 ns,频率10 Hz,能量密度1.8～2.0 J/cm2.一般需8～10次治疗,每次治疗间隔1周.结果 23例经8～10次治疗后,黄褐斑明显淡化或消失,局部出现轻度充血,无水泡和结痂形成,基本治愈率达52.17%.5例出现眼睑紫癜,3 d后自行消退,无色素沉着及瘢痕发生.术后随访6个月以上,其中7例(占30.4%)出现复发,继续治疗仍然有效.结论 非剥脱性Q开关Nd:YAG 1 064 nm激光治疗黄褐斑虽有复发,仍不失为一种比较可行的治疗方法 ,有一定效果,操作简单、安全,不影响患者的工作和生活.     

非剥脱性Q开关Nd:YAG 1 064 nm激光对黄褐斑的治疗效果

目的 观察非剥脱性Q开关Nd:YAG 1 064 nm激光对黄褐斑的治疗效果.方法 应用Q开关Nd:YAG 1 064 nm激光对23例黄褐斑患者进行治疗,其光斑直径6 mm,脉宽5～7 ns,频率10 Hz,能量密度1.8～2.0 J/cm2.一般需8～10次治疗,每次治疗间隔1周.结果 23例经8～10次治疗后,黄褐斑明显淡化或消失,局部出现轻度充血,无水泡和结痂形成,基本治愈率达52.17%.5例出现眼睑紫癜,3 d后自行消退,无色素沉着及瘢痕发生.术后随访6个月以上,其中7例(占30.4%)出现复发,继续治疗仍然有效.结论 非剥脱性Q开关Nd:YAG 1 064 nm激光治疗黄褐斑虽有复发,仍不失为一种比较可行的治疗方法 ,有一定效果,操作简单、安全,不影响患者的工作和生活.     

Phenol-Castor Oil: Modified Peel for Dermal Melasma

BACKGROUND: Deep type of melasma is difficult to treat. Various compositions for peeling have been formulated to accomplish this. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the safe use of the new formula, which was composed of phenol and castor oil. METHODS: Different concentrations of phenol and castor oil were mixed in five formulations, and the solutions were tested on the forearms of 10 volunteers. The application time was 1 minute, different from that of the original phenol-croton oil. Formula 4 was found to cause a high effect of peeling with least side effects and was used to treat deep facial melasma in 30 patients. RESULTS: Higher concentrations of castor oil produced more inflammation when mixed with phenol. Formula 4 was used to clear two cases of melasma in 1 week despite no effect from prior use of a modified antimelasma cream, while some degree of fading was noted in other cases. The total number of different melasma indices was reduced from 206.4 to 91.2 in 30 patients. Hyperpigmentation was noted in five cases and hypopigmentation in one case. Neither scar formation nor cardiac arrhythmia was observed. CONCLUSION: A phenol-castor oil peel with an application time of 1 minute reduces pigments in the deep type of melasma with least side effects and a high efficiency when combined with an antimelasma cream. The safe formula and the technique of application are introduced.     

Study of the Incidence and Nature of "Very Subtle Epidermal Melasma" in Relation to Intense Pulsed Light Treatment

BACKGROUND: Skin rejuvenation with intense pulsed light (IPL) is effective for clearing epidermal pigment disorders. Complications are mild and limited to epidermal burns caused by excessive settings. Some patients, however, experience IPL-induced melasma-like hyperpigmentation despite the appearance of normal skin. These patients seem to have very subtle epidermal melasma not visible to the naked eye. Ultraviolet photography has been useful in identifying these patients and preventing complications. OBJECTIVE: The study investigated the incidence of very subtle melasma in patients using UV photography, and assessed this tool in identifying high-risk patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 223 Japanese women, 30-69 years old, participated in the study. Very subtle melasma invisible to the naked eye under normal light was diagnosed by UV photography by two physicians, and any relationship among the disease incidence, age, and regular sunscreen use was examined. RESULTS: Sixty-three cases of very subtle melasma (28.3%) were identified among the 223 subjects, with a significantly lower incidence in sunscreen users. CONCLUSIONS: Patients diagnosed with subtle epidermal melasma and treated with mild IPL parameters did not suffer induced secondary hyperpigmentaion. To help avoid complications after treatment, IPL users should be aware of the age and sunscreen-related incidence of this phenomenon in Asian patients.     

The Effect of Melasma on the Quality of Life in a Sample of Women Living in Singapore

Introduction: Melasma is a common disorder of acquired hyperpigmentation characterized by irregular brown macules and patches that occur primarily on sun-exposed areas. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study that recruited 49 women clinically diagnosed with melasma from a tertiary dermatology referral center in Singapore. Trained investigators assessed the melasma severity objectively using the chromameter and mexameter and subjectively using the Melasma Area and Severity Index. The effect of melasma on the quality of life on the patients was assessed using the melasma quality of life scale and dermatology life quality index questionnaires. Results: The mean ± SD Melasma Area and Severity Index score was 12.1±6.5 (median 10.8). The mean ± SD melasma quality of life scale score was 25.6±15.3 (median 24.0). Melasma quality of life scale scores are significantly correlated (Spearman’s coefficient = 0.597, p-value <0.001) with the dermatology life quality index scores. There was no correlation between Melasma Area and Severity Index with melasma quality of life scale or dermatology life quality index scores. There is no difference in the melasma quality of life scale scores with different demographic variables including age, duration of disease, levels of education, and employment. Conclusion: This study contributes to building evidence regarding the validity of melasma quality of life scale in accurately evaluating the effect of melasma on a patient’s quality of life and the burden of disease in Singaporean women.Melasma is a common disorder of acquired hyperpigmentation characterized by irregular brown macules and patches that occur primarily on sun-exposed areas on the face and neck. Although the exact pathogenesis of melasma has not been fully elucidated, risk factors identified include exposure to ultraviolet radiation, genetic influences, hormonal therapy, phototoxic drugs, and anticonvulsant medications. This disfiguring cutaneous disorder can cause significant impact on the psychosocial well-being of patients.1     

像素铒激光配合果酸治疗黄褐斑的疗效观察

目的:观察像素铒激光(2940nm)联合羟基乙酸(果酸)治疗黄褐斑的临床疗效和安全性,掌握像素铒激光和果酸换肤的治疗方法。方法:应用质量浓度20%、35%的果酸对30例黄褐斑患者进行治疗,2～3周1次,5次为1个疗程;应用短脉宽像素铒激光对30例黄褐斑患者进行治疗,每2～3周1次,4次为1个疗程。两种方法交替使用,15天治疗1次。结果:随着治疗次数的增加,褐色斑逐渐变淡,MASI评分逐渐下降,有效率为60%。30例患者完成一个疗程的治疗,有效率表皮型黄褐斑83.33%,混合型44.44%,表皮型比混合型患者MASI下降更显著(P<0.05)。结论:像素铒激光联合果酸治疗黄褐斑是一种安全性好,修复快,不良反应少的方法,对于表皮型黄褐斑比混合型效果更明显。