三维立体定位CT引导下125I粒子植入治疗原发性肝癌的疗效及安全性

目的 分析三维立体定位下125I粒子植入治疗原发性肝癌的可行性及安全性.方法 收集2012年1月至2014年6月唐山人民院收治原发性肝癌患者56例,随机将其分为A组和B组,所有患者均先进行肝动脉化疗栓塞TACE治疗,于治疗后3 ～ 14d内,A组28例患者在三维立体定位CT引导下进行125I粒子植入治疗,B组28例患者仅在CT引导下进行125I粒子植入治疗,治疗后随访2 ～18个月,对两组患者的疗效及安全性进行分析评价.结果 治疗后2～18个月随访显示,A组31个病灶完全缓解(CR)8个,部分缓解(PR)16个,稳定(SD)6个,进展(PD)1个,有效率为77.4％.B组32个病灶完全缓解(CR)4个,部分缓解(PR) 10个,稳定(SD)8个,进展(PD) 10个有效率为43.7％.结论 在TACE治疗的基础上,应用三维立体定位技术在CT引导下125I粒子植入比单独CT下引导125I粒子植入治疗原发性肝癌能够取得更好的临床疗效,并提高了治疗的精准性及术后生存率.     

125I粒子植入治疗晚期恶性肿瘤的疗效

目的 评价植入125I放射性粒子治疗晚期恶性肿瘤的疗效.方法 2006年6月至2008年11月本院肿瘤患者15例24个病灶(原发肿瘤11个病灶,转移瘤13个病灶),按治疗计划在CT引导下用植入枪穿刺植入125I放射性粒子,其中3例胆管壶腹部癌患者在胆管支架植入术后经皮肝穿刺置管引流术(PTCD),粒子置于引流管并随其末端至肿瘤梗阻部位,3个月后拔除引流管.植入术后观察疗效和并发症.结果 接受粒子植入的肿瘤病灶治疗有效率为70.8%(17/24),完全缓解(CR)5个病灶(20.8%),部分缓解(PR)12个病灶(50.0%);卡式评分(KPS,中位评分70分)高于治疗前(50分);疼痛缓解率90%(9/10);中位总生存期12.0个月.3例患者分别出现气胸、胆漏和粒子游走.结论 125I放射性粒子植入治疗晚期肿瘤患者,可减轻症状,改善生活质量.     

103Pd粒子植入治疗肝癌的初步探讨

目的探讨103Pd粒子植入近距离照射对肝癌的治疗效果.方法巨块型肝癌4例无法切除,在B超下作瘤体植入(A组),5例切除术后切缘残留小部分瘤体,术中在残余瘤体植入(B组),3例肝癌根治性切除术后术中切缘植入(C组).结果全组无围种植期死亡,A组死亡2例,生存期分别为9.5个月及13个月另2例存活,分别为植入后5个月及7个月,B组和C组均未见肿瘤复发.结论 103Pd粒子植入近距离照射对肝癌瘤体增殖有一定的遏制作用.     

125I粒子植入放射治疗肺癌的护理

目的 探讨CT导向下125I粒子组织间植入治疗肺癌的护理体会.方法 对35例中晚期肺癌病人.均在CT导向下进行肺癌瘤体组织内125I粒子植入术.对本组患者术前、术后进行整体护理及分析.结果 由于对所有患者术前、术中、及术后进行较合理的护理,35例患者均顺利完成125I粒子植入,无任何并发症发生,成功率为100%.结论 正确合理的护理是CT导向下125I粒子肿瘤组织间植入的一个重要环节.     

^103Pd粒子植入治疗肝癌的初步探讨

目的探讨^103Pd粒子植入近距离照射对肝癌的治疗效果．方法巨块型肝癌4例无法切除，在B超下作瘤体植入(A组)，5例切除术后切缘残留小部分瘤体，术中在残余瘤体植入(B组)，3例肝癌根治性切除术后术中切缘植入(C组)．结果全组无围种植期死亡，A组死亡2例，生存期分别为9．5个月及13个月另2例存活，分别为植入后5个月及7个月，B组和C组均未见肿瘤复发．结论^103Pd粒子植入近距离照射对肝癌瘤体增殖有一定的遏制作用．     

~(125)I放射性粒子对荷人结肠癌裸鼠治疗效应的实验研究

目的观察125I放射性粒子组织间植入对裸鼠皮下人结肠癌移植瘤的局部抑制作用。方法雌性Balb/c裸鼠20只,以人Colo205型结肠癌细胞建立裸鼠皮下人结肠癌实体肿瘤模型,待肿瘤体积长至理想大小,随机分成2组,对照组不予任何处理,治疗组给予移植瘤以125I放射性粒子组织间植入,每周测量2次肿瘤体积,治疗27d后,处死裸鼠,观察移植瘤的相对肿瘤体积(RTV)、相对肿瘤增殖率(T/C)、ABC免疫组化染色观察肿瘤增殖率[Brdu标记指数(LI)]。结果治疗27d后,裸鼠均存活。治疗组(125I粒子组)移植瘤的RTV为(251.59±72.24),明显小于对照组的RTV(1087.94±510.72),相对肿瘤增殖率为23.13%,明显减少,治疗组的LI为(15.00±5.00),明显小于对照组的LI(38.75±6.29)。结论①人Colo205型结肠癌模型是放射性粒子植入治疗大肠癌基础研究的良好模型之一;②125I放射性粒子对人结肠癌细胞增殖有明显的局部抑制作用;③125I放射性粒子在肿瘤体内累积一定剂量才会逐渐显现治疗效应。     

CT引导下125I粒子瘤内植入治疗腹膜后转移淋巴结的临床应用价值

目的 探讨CT引导下放射性粒子125I瘤内植入治疗腹膜后转移淋巴结的可行性、方法与近期疗效.方法 20例腹膜后淋巴结转移患者经CT引导下125I粒子瘤内植入,跟踪随访1～24个月观察近期疗效.结果 20例患者在CT引导下全部顺利完成粒子植入,未出现出血、感染等并发症.15例以腰疼症状为主的患者术后一周疼痛开始缓解,其中9例完全缓解,6例部分缓解;2例腰疼伴一侧下肢水肿患者淋巴结均有体积缩小.结论 CT引导下125I粒子植入治疗腹膜后转移淋巴结安全、微创、近期疗效满意,能有效控制局部症状.     

125I粒子联合肝动脉化疗栓塞对原发性肝癌的疗效研究分析

目的 探讨125I粒子联合肝动脉化疗栓塞对原发性肝癌的治疗效果.方法 选取2009年9月至2015年10月在我院收治的70例原发性肝癌患者,按随机分组法将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组各35例.对照组单纯采用TACE法治疗,观察组采用TACE联合125I放射性粒子植入治疗组.治疗后的1、2、3月检测两组患者的血常规、肝功能、肿瘤体积的变化及患者肿瘤标志物(AFP)水平变化情况,并对两组患者进行疗效评价.结果 治疗后,观察组有效率(RR)为85.7％,临床总控制率(CR +PR +SD)为94.3％,对照组有效率(RR)为66.7％,临床总控制率(CR +PR +SD)为71.4％,观察组的疗效明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在AFP阳性患者中,观察组AFP减小率(转阴率+降低率)显著高于TACE对照组组(P＜0.05),差异有统计学意义.两组患者的术后并发症差异无统计学意义.结论 125I放射性粒子植入联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌疗效确切,安全可靠,不仅改善了患者的生存质量,提高了患者的生存期,还抑制了肿瘤的复发,值得在临床推广和应用.     

腹膜后转移瘤放射性~(125)I粒子植入治疗的靶区剂量研究

目的探讨放射性~(125)I粒子植入治疗腹膜后转移瘤的临床疗效,并分析其靶区剂量与局部控制的相关性。方法回顾性分析陆军军医大学第一附属医院52例(57个治疗靶区)腹膜后转移瘤患者的临床资料,均进行放射性125I粒子植入治疗。应用视觉模拟量表(VAS)评价患者手术前后疼痛情况,根据实体瘤临床疗效评价标准(RECIST)评价靶区局部控制情况并分为CR+PR+SD组(CPS组)和PD组,通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析术后靶区D_(90)预测局部控制的临界值,采用K-M曲线分析靶区局部持续控制时间,多因素COX回归分析靶区局部持续控制时间的危险因素。结果术后靶区D_(90)验证剂量大于平均处方剂量。术后靶区D90的ROC曲线下面积为0.762,D_(90)对局部控制率的预测敏感性为67.3%,特异性为80%,临界值为9 229 cGy。局部持续控制中位时间为12个月,局部控制率为92.9%;与PD组相比,CPS组靶区D_(90)剂量更高(P=0.023),且靶区D_(90)是局部持续控制时间的主要危险因素(P=0.025)。与术前比较,术后3个月VAS评分显著降低(P=0.005)。结论放射性~(125)I粒子植入治疗腹膜后转移瘤是一种有效的治疗方式,术后靶区D_(90)剂量不低于9 229 cGy可获得较高的局部控制率。     

CT引导下125I放射性粒子组织间植入对非小细胞肺癌患者血清肿瘤标志物及瘤体大小的影响

目的 研究CT引导下125I放射性粒子组织间植入对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者血清肿瘤标志物及瘤体大小的影响.方法 纳入68例需行姑息性治疗的晚期NSCLC患者,均行CT引导下125I放射性粒子组织间植入治疗,评估疗效.结果 术后2、3、6和12个月,患者治疗总有效率为70.59％、79.41％、67.65％和50.77％,术后12月显著低于其他月份(P＜0.05);患者术前、术后2、3、6和12个月瘤体大小为29.13±5.13cm2、22.53±4.09cm2、17.45±3.86cm2、14.56±3.46cm2和12.74±2.43cm2,不同时间点比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后血清CYFRA21-1、CEA、CA50和SCC-Ag呈先降低后上升(P＜0.05),术后3月达最低点(P＜0.05);患者无进展生存期18.2±3.1月,3年、5年生存率为41.18％和30.88％;治疗期间,患者出现气胸(19.12％)和痰中带血(5.88％)等症状,治疗后缓解.结论 CT引导下125I粒子植入治疗NSCLC,可明显降低患者瘤体大小和肿瘤标志物水平,近远期疗效确切,安全可靠,是NSCLC姑息性治疗的有效方案.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

Class II HLA in Georgia Caucasus Tbilisi Georgians and their Mediterranean ancestry: The Usko Mediterranean languages

Georgia (or Sakartvelo in its own language) is a South Caucasus Mts. country with its easternmost part is enigmatically named Iberia, like the Iberian Peninsula, which may refer to rivers “Kura” and “Ebro” or their valleys respectively. Most of their inhabitants speak Georgian which is included within Dene-Caucasian group and Usko-Mediterranean subgroup of languages. The latter includes Basque, Berber, ancient Iberian-Tartessian, Etruscan, Hittite, Minoan Lineal A and others. In the present paper, HLA class II -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles has been studied and extended haplotypes calculated. Most frequent haplotypes are also of Mediterranean origin (i. e.: (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*13:01-DQB1*06:03, or (A*24-B*35)-DRB1*01:01-DQB1*05:01) and DA genetic distances show that closest world populations to Georgians are Mediterraneans. Georgians also show common extended haplotypes ((A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*13)-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01 and (A*03-B*35)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01) with Svan people, a secluded population in North Georgia mountains. We can conclude that Georgians belong to a very old Mediterranean substratum according to both linguistics (Usko Mediterranean languages) and HLA genetics.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.