结直肠良、恶性息肉微创治疗的临床研究

目的探讨结肠镜、腹腔镜及双镜联合治疗结直肠息肉的适应证和疗效。方法2004年1月～2006年12月，全结肠镜愉奄发现直径〉1cm的结直肠息肉共378例。结肠镜圈套器摘除319例，结肠镜黏膜切除术（endoscopic mucosal resection，EMR）11例，腹腔镜辅助结肠镜下治疗7例，结肠镜辅助腹腔镜楔形切除术6例，结肠镜辅助腹腔镜肠段切除术3例，腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术32例。结果腹腔镜辅助结肠镜治疗组与结肠镜辅助腹腔镜局部切除术组均未出现一例并发症，结肠镜圈套器摘除组中1．6％（5／319）出现并发症。结肠镜组肿瘤残留11例，追加腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术8例。随访中，EMR术1例肿瘤残留，追加腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术。结肠镜辅助腹腔镜楔形切除术中2例为浸润性结直肠癌，追加腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术。结论大部分结直肠良性息肉可以通过单纯结肠镜的方法得到治疗；双镜联合的治疗方式对于结肠镜治疗困难的结直肠息肉是安全、可行的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜联合结肠镜手术治疗直径≤4cm结直肠肿瘤的疗效及安全性

目的探讨腹腔镜联合结肠镜(双镜联合)手术治疗直径≤4 cm结直肠肿瘤的效果及安全性。方法随机将64例结直肠肿瘤患者分为2组,各32例。对照组实施开腹手术,观察组行双镜联合手术。比较2组的疗效。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量及术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、并发症发生率及住院时间均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论双镜联合手术治疗直径≤4 cm结直肠肿瘤,能准确定位肿瘤部位,手术时间短、术后并发症发生率低,有利于促进患者术后恢复。     

腹腔镜联合结肠镜治疗复杂、特殊类型的结直肠息肉

目的探讨腹腔镜联合结肠镜治疗结直肠息肉的疗效。方法良性息肉行腹腔镜辅助结肠镜下息肉切除术,腹腔镜辅助结肠镜下息肉切除困难者或有风险者可选用结肠镜辅助腹腔镜下肠段切除术,复杂病例采用混合术式（腹腔镜辅助结肠镜下息肉切除术＋结肠镜辅助腹腔镜下肠段切除术）。结果腹腔镜辅助结肠镜下息肉切除术14例,手术时间55～158min,平均103min。结肠镜辅助腹腔镜下结肠癌根治术2例,手术时间分别为182、206min。结肠镜辅助腹腔镜降结肠部分切除术（降结肠多发息肉,其中1枚息肉为无蒂息肉）1例,手术时间98rain。混合术式2例,手术时间分别为102、166min。19例术后随访10～48个月,平均28个月,无一例息肉残留、复发或再次手术。结论腹腔镜联合结肠镜治疗结直肠息肉疗效满意。     

结肠镜辅助下腹腔镜切除结直肠肿瘤的临床研究（附23例报告）

目的探讨术中结肠镜辅助下腹腔镜联合切除结直肠肿瘤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析23例术中结肠镜辅助下腹腔镜切除结直肠肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中未累及浆膜的较早期或较小肿瘤,或肿瘤位于系膜侧,术中需要结肠镜定位的13例：内镜摘除息肉后病理提示癌变需行补救手术治疗的7例;内镜检肿瘤同时多原发,其中部分患者的远端肿瘤致肠腔狭窄,术前无法行全结肠镜检查,无法了解近端肠管的情况3例。结果本组手术无中转开放,术后无切口感染、吻合IZl漏、吻合口出血,无围手术期死亡,18例患者随访6月～60月,3例死于肿瘤转移,15例存活至今。结论对于术前无法行全结肠检查的肿瘤和小肿瘤,采用腹腔镜联合结肠镜进行检查、治疗能准确定位肿瘤．排除近端多发癌灶,是安全、有效、微创的手术方式。     

结肠镜联合腹腔镜下结直肠息肉切除

目的：探讨腹腔镜、结肠镜联合治疗结直肠息肉的手术方式、安全性和可行性。方法：分别采用腹腔镜辅助结肠镜下电凝切除、结肠镜辅助腹腔镜下部分肠壁切除、部分肠段切除及腹腔镜下结肠癌根治等方法,对36例结直肠息肉患者进行治疗。结果：36例均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹。5例在腹腔镜辅助下行结肠镜下息肉切除。22例行结肠镜辅助腹腔镜下部分肠壁切除,其中1例在结肠镜操作过程中发生难于控制的出血,另1例造成穿孔且息肉未完全切除,也行结肠镜辅助的腹腔镜下部分肠壁切除。22例中有18例用Endo-GIA完成。6例行腹腔镜下肠段切除,其中4例因息肉基部广,游离肠段后发现血供差;2例息肉位于直肠上段,且息肉稍大。3例行结肠癌根治术。手术时间70~240 min;手术出血量在20~150 mL;肠功能恢复时间20~48 h。所有患者术后均无肠瘘、肠腔狭窄、术后肠道大出血等并发症发生。结论：结肠镜、腹腔镜联合治疗结直肠息肉,提高了手术的安全性和彻底性,是一种值得推广的微创手术方式。     

腹腔镜、结肠镜联合治疗结直肠良恶性肿瘤的应用体会(附21例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜、纤维结肠镜联合治疗结直肠良恶性肿瘤的应用价值.方法:回顾分析为21例结直肠良恶性肿瘤患者应用多种双镜联合治疗方法的临床资料.结果:手术均顺利完成,无一例中转开腹.其中内镜辅助腹腔镜治疗12例,腹腔镜辅助内镜治疗4例,内镜腹腔镜同步切除2例,腹腔镜追加根治术3例.术后无吻合口漏、吻合口出血等并发症发生....     

腹腔镜联合结肠镜手术治疗结直肠小占位(≤3cm)病变

目的探讨腹腔镜联合结肠镜治疗结直肠小占位(≤3 cm)病变的临床效果。方法 2010年1月~2015年1月我院采用腹腔镜联合结肠镜手术治疗小占位结直肠肿瘤41例,结肠镜进行全结直肠内探查,在结肠镜下注射亚甲蓝进行染色,腹腔镜下进行局部钛夹定位,退出结肠镜,术中根据快速冰冻病理结果选择在腹腔镜下肠管切除、结直肠根治术等相应手术。结果 41例均顺利完成腹腔镜联合结肠镜手术,无中转开腹。9例术前诊断为癌前病变,术中及术后病理诊断为结肠上皮内瘤变6例,Tis期腺癌3例。32例术前诊断为0~Ⅰ期结直肠癌者,术中及术后诊断Ⅰ期29例,其中T_1N_0M_0期腺癌23例,T_2N_0M_0期腺癌6例;Ⅲ期3例,均为T_2N_1M_0期腺癌。多发病灶2例。结肠上皮内瘤变及Tis期结直肠肠癌行病变肠管切除,T_1~T_2期结直肠癌均行结直肠癌根治术。2例结肠上皮瘤变分别在术后9、12个月随访无复发。其余39例随访24~49个月,中位时间38.6月,35例结直肠癌中,1例T_2N_1M_0即Ⅲ期腺癌术后34个月结肠镜复查局部复发,所有患者均无转移。结论腹腔镜联合结肠镜治疗≤3 cm良性及Tis~T_2期恶性结直肠肿瘤,可发挥双镜优势,尤其适用于单镜难以定位或完全切除的病变,可提高定位精确性及手术安全性。     

结肠镜在腹腔镜结直肠手术中的应用(附24例报告)

目的 探讨结肠镜在腹腔镜结直肠手术中的应用价值.方法 回顾分析2009年1月至2013年10月为24例患者于腹腔镜术中应用纤维结肠镜辅助定位的临床资料.结果 手术均顺利完成,无一例中转开腹.其中内镜辅助腹腔镜治疗15例,腹腔镜辅助内镜治疗4例,内镜腹腔镜同步切除2例,腹腔镜追加根治术3例.术后无吻合口漏、吻合口出血等并发症发生.术后平均随访18个月,恶性肿瘤患者中无一例复发.结论 双镜的联合应用扩展了单镜治疗的适用范围.增加了手术安全性,明显降低了并发症的发生率,大大减少了手术创伤,是治疗结直肠良恶性肿瘤的合理方法,值得推广.     

双镜联合与单纯腹腔镜手术治疗胃部良恶性肿瘤的临床疗效比较

比较腹腔镜、胃镜双镜联合手术与单纯腹腔镜手术治疗胃部良恶性肿瘤中的近期疗效。收集2011年8月—2014年9月收治于中国人民解放军总医院普通外科的胃肿瘤患者115例,按照手术方式分为双镜联合组49例和单纯腹腔镜组66例。所有患者手术均成功,与单纯腹腔镜组比较,双镜联合组术中出血少,手术时间短,术后胃肠道功能恢复快,并发症发生率低。双镜联合手术方式治疗胃部肿瘤具有手术创伤小,术后恢复平稳的优势。     

腹腔镜与经肛腔镜辅助双镜联合代直肠切除吻合口重建术的疗效与安全性：单中心51例报告

背景与目的：代直肠切除吻合口重建手术可成功恢复多数直肠吻合失败及肿瘤局部复发患者的肠道连续性,避免患者永久性肠造口。然而该手术难度大、手术相关并发症发生率高。手术方式及入路的选择在降低手术难度、确保手术安全性及降低术后并发症方面具有重要意义。因此,本研究总结单中心8年间行腹腔镜与经肛腔镜辅助双镜联合代直肠切除吻合重建的手术经验,以期为临床提供循证参考。方法：回顾性收集中山大学附属第六医院结直肠外科2015年10月—2023年8月51例行代直肠切除吻合重建患者的病历资料。其中,24例行经肛腔镜辅助双镜联合代直肠切除吻合口重建术(双镜联合组),27例行腹腔镜代直肠切除吻合重建术(腹腔镜组)。分析全组患者的术中、术后情况,并比较双镜联合组与腹腔镜组相关临床指标的差异。结果：51例患者均顺利完成代直肠切除吻合口重建手术。消化道重建吻合方式包括Bacon手术30例、Dixon手术5例、Parks手术15例、括约肌间切除术1例。51例患者中,拖出切除二期结肠肛管吻合30例、拖出切除单吻合5例、拖出切除双吻合3例、一期手工吻合13例。其中,术前已有肠造口患者42例、术后行新增预防性肠造口6例、术后未...     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Effect of smoking and abstention on oxidative burst and reactivity of neutrophils and monocytes

BACKGROUND: Smoking is associated with surgical wound infections, impaired wound healing, and tissue-destructive disorders. The mechanisms are largely unknown, but changes in the function and activity of inflammatory cells may be involved. METHODS: Seventy healthy volunteers (54 smokers and 16 never smokers) were included. The smokers were studied while they smoked and after 20 days of abstinence. After the first 10 days of abstinence, they were randomized to double-blind treatment with transdermal nicotine patch 25 mg per day or placebo. Venous blood neutrophils and monocytes were sampled and isolated. In 22 randomly selected smokers and in all never smokers, the oxidative burst and chemotaxis were determined by a chemiluminescence response assay and a modified Boyden chamber technique, respectively. Stimulants were opsonized zymosan, formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, and zymosan-activated serum. RESULTS: The neutrophil and monocyte oxidative burst was 50% and 68% lower, respectively, in smokers compared to never smokers (P < .05). Neutrophil chemotaxis was 93% higher in smokers (P < .05). Monocyte chemotaxis was lower in smokers compared to never smokers (P < .05). After 20 days of abstinence, neutrophil oxidative burst increased to the level of never smokers (P < .05); monocyte oxidative burst increased by 50% (P < .05). Chemotaxis was only marginally affected. The changes induced by abstinence were less pronounced in the transdermal nicotine patch group compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking attenuates the oxidative burst of inflammatory cells and increases chemotaxis. Three weeks of abstinence normalize the oxidative burst, but affect chemotaxis only marginally.