Semen quality evaluation in a cohort of 28213 adult males from Sichuan area of south‐west China

The trends in semen quality are conflicting. Although many previous surveys on semen quality indicated a decline, the trends in semen quality in Sichuan area of south‐west China are not clear. We analysed the semen parameters in a cohort of 28 213 adult males close to general population in Sichuan between July 2007 and June 2012, and investigated the changes on semen quality. The semen parameters including pH, volume, concentration, motility, morphology were measured according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance was used to examine the statistical differences of semen quality between groups. We found that the medians (5th and 95th percentiles) were 2.4 ml (1.0–5.0) for semen volume, 62.0 × 10⁶ ml^?1 (15.0–142.0) for semen concentration, 39% (18–60%) for sperm progressive motility and 10.5% (1.0–34.5%) for normal morphology. In these 5 years, sperm concentration and the percentage of sperm normal morphology were decreased from 66.0 × 10⁶ ml^?1 to 49.0 × 10⁶ ml^?1 and from 13.5% to 4.5%, respectively; among different reproductive history groups, sperm concentration and the percentage of sperm normal morphology were also decreased in these 5 years. And the incidence of azoospermia was increasing. These may imply that there is a decline in semen quality of adult males in Sichuan area.     

Cryoprotective effect of l‐carnitine on motility,vitality and DNA oxidation of human spermatozoa

Successful cryopreservation for human spermatozoa markedly influences the reproductive outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies. But in spite of its usefulness, cryopreservation significantly decreases sperm quality. l ‐carnitine has been found to improve the quality of spermatozoa in selected cases with male infertility. Here, we examined the efficacy of l ‐carnitine in improving sperm motility and vitality and reducing sperm DNA oxidation during cryopreservation. Semen samples from infertile patients (n = 22) were collected and analysed. Cryopreservation medium supplemented with l ‐carnitine was mixed with the semen at a ratio of 1 : 1 (v/v). The final l ‐carnitine concentration in each cryovial was 0.5 mg ml^?1 per 5 × 10⁶ cell ml^?1. Controls were cryopreserved without addition of l ‐carnitine. After 24 h of cryopreservation, thawed sperm samples were analysed for motility, vitality and DNA oxidation. Sperm vitality was assessed by the eosin–nigrosin test, while sperm DNA oxidation was measured by flow cytometry. Addition of l ‐carnitine significantly improved sperm motility and vitality (P < 0.05) compared with the control. The flow cytometry experiment showed no statistical difference (P > 0.05) in the levels of DNA oxidation between samples and controls. In conclusion, l ‐carnitine improves human sperm motility and vitality, but has no effect on sperm DNA oxidation after cryopreservation.     

Anogenital distance and reproductive parameters in young men

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between anogenital distance (AGD) measures and semen quality and serum reproductive hormone levels in Caucasian young men from southern Spain. Two variants of AGD [from the anus to the posterior base of the scrotum (AGD_AS) and to the cephalad insertion of the penis (AGD_AP)] were assessed in 215 university students. Semen parameters (semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm counts, motility and morphology) and serum reproductive hormones (follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, inhibin B, testosterone, calculated free testosterone, oestradiol and sex hormone‐binding globulin) were also determined. Associations between AGD measures and the semen quality and reproductive hormone levels were tested using multiple regression analyses. Overall, median sperm concentration was 44.0 × 10⁶ ml^?1 (5th–95th percentiles: 8.9–129 × 10⁶ ml^?1), median total sperm count was 121 × 10⁶ (18.0–400 × 10⁶), and mean (SD) testosterone level was 21.7 nmol/l (6.9). Mean (SD) AGD_AS and AGD_AP measures were 48.3 mm (11.6) and 128 mm (12.0) respectively. In the multivariable analysis, AGD measures were not associated with any semen parameters or any of the reproductive hormone levels, which is in contrast to results of studies of US young men or infertile men. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings.     

Effect of pre-freezing conditions on the progressive motility recovery rate of human frozen spermatozoa

We evaluated the effects of sperm concentration, progressive motility, sperm morphology, duration of abstinence and collection season on the progressive motility recovery rate of human frozen spermatozoa to identify characteristics that predict the progressive motility recovery rate of human frozen spermatozoa and improve the protocol for sperm collecting in sperm banks. A total of 14 190 semen samples donated at Zhejiang human sperm bank of China between September 2006 and June 2011 were collected from 1624 donors. Semen was evaluated according to WHO standard procedures for sperm concentration. Progressive motility, sperm morphology, ejaculate collection season and abstinence time were recorded. After freezing and thawing, the progressive motility was assessed. Results showed that sperm concentration, progressive motility and normal morphology were significantly associated with the progressive motility recovery rate of human frozen spermatozoa. In addition, the abstinence time and collection season also significantly affected progressive motility recovery rate. Our results indicated that sperm concentration, progressive motility and normal morphology could be valuable in predicting the progressive motility recovery rate of human frozen spermatozoa. As such, progressive motility recovery may be improved by donating semen when abstinent for 3–5 days and during seasons other than summer.     

The reference values for semen parameters of 1213 fertile men in Guangdong Province in China

Semen samples were collected from 1213 fertile men whose partners had a time-to-pregnancy (TTP) ≤12 months in Guangdong Province in Southern China, and semen parameters including semen volume, sperm concentration, total counts, motility, and morphology were evaluated according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 guideline. All semen parameters analyzed were normal in ~62.2% of the total samples, whereas ~37.8% showed at least one of the semen parameters below normal threshold values. The fifth centiles (with 95% confidence intervals) were 1.3 (1.2–1.5) ml for semen volume, 20 × 10⁶ (18×10⁶–20×10⁶) ml⁻¹ for sperm concentration, 40 × 10⁶ (38×10⁶–44×10⁶) per ejaculate for total sperm counts, 48% (47%–53%) for vitality, 39% (36%–43%) for total motility, 25% (23%–27%) for sperm progressive motility, 5.0% (4%–5%) for normal morphology. The pH values ranged from 7.2 to 8.0 with the mean ± standard deviation at 7.32 ± 0.17. No effects of age and body mass index were found on semen parameters. Occupation, smoking and alcohol abuse, varicocele appeared to decrease semen quality. Sperm concentration, but not sperm morphology, is positively correlated with TTP, whereas vitality is negatively correlated with TTP. Our study provides the latest reference values for the semen parameters of Chinese fertile men in Guangdong Province, which are close to those described in the new WHO guidelines (5^th Edition).     

Semen quality changes among 2343 healthy Slovenian men included in an IVF-ET programme from 1983 to 1996

To determine whether semen quality in Slovenians has changed over 14 years (1983-96), we analysed retrospectively the semen of 2343 healthy men with a normal spermiogram, who were partners of women with tubal infertility included in the IVF-ET programme. Age at semen collection, duration of sexual abstinence, semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, percentage of spermatozoa with progressive motility, and normal morphology were determined. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the changes in sperm characteristics according to the year of semen collection, year of the man's birth and the duration of sexual abstinence. Semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm count and total sperm motility did not change between 1983 and 1996, whereas between 1988 and 1996 rapid progressive sperm motility decreased by 0.95% per year (p < 0.0001). Semen volume, sperm concentration, and sperm count increased with duration of sexual abstinence. After adjustment for the year of semen collection and duration of sexual abstinence, multiple regression analysis showed that sperm concentration decreased by 0.67% per each successive year of birth (p = 0.03). Thus the sperm concentration decreased from 87.6 x 10(6)/mL in men born in the 1940s to 77.3 x 10(6)/mL in those born between 1956 and 1960. After 1960, sperm concentration was found to increase. In 2343 healthy men, no decline in semen quality, except in rapid progressive motility, was observed in the study period. Lower sperm concentration was found among men born between 1950 and 1960. This could be related to worse socio-economic status, stress or negative environmental factors in this time period.     

Saturated,omega‐6 and omega‐3 dietary fatty acid effects on the characteristics of fresh,frozen–thawed semen and blood parameters in rams

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of several dietary fatty acids (FAs) on semen quality and blood parameters in rams. We gave diet‐supplemented treatments (35 g day^?1 ram^?1) by C16:0 (palm oil), C18:2 [sunflower oil (SO)] and an n‐3 source [fish oil (FO)] to 12 rams, who were fed for 15 weeks during their breeding season. Semen was collected once per week. Semen samples were extended with Tris‐based cryoprotective diluents, then cooled to 5 °C and stored in liquid nitrogen. Positive responses were seen with FO after 4 weeks. The mean prefreezing semen characteristics improved with the intake of FO (P < 0.05). Interestingly, maximum sperm output in FO was achieved 7.5 × 10⁹ when compared to palm oil 5.3 × 10⁹. Rams that received FO had the highest total testosterone concentrations (11.3 ng ml^?1 for FO, 10.8 ng ml^?1 for SO and 10.2 ng ml^?1 for palm oil) during the experiment (P < 0.05). FO also improved the rams' sperm characteristics after thawing (P < 0.05). Although C16:0 is a major saturated FA in ram sperm and all rams have been fed isoenergetic rations, the unique FAs of FO improved fresh semen quality and freezing ability compared to other oils.     

Seminal plasma proteins and their relationship with sperm motility and morphology in boars

The identification of biomarkers associated with seminal traits could aid in the selection of higher quality ejaculates and benefit the swine industry. The objective of this study was to identify boar seminal plasma proteins associated with sperm motility and morphology. Twenty ejaculates from fifteen adult boars from a commercial boar stud were used for this work. After routine semen collection and analysis, ejaculates were classified into two groups: high‐quality semen (HQS) and low‐quality semen (LQS), based on sperm motility and morphology. Semen samples were processed for seminal plasma separation and analysis by 2D SDS‐PAGE. Total and progressive sperm motility differed between groups (p < 0.001), as well sperm morphology (p < 0.05). The intensity of spots identified as Major seminal plasma PSP‐I (PSP‐I) and cathepsin B (CTSB) was higher in LQS as compared to HQS samples (p < 0.05). Also, PSP‐I was positively associated with major and sperm cauda defects. Sperm motility was negatively correlated with both PSP‐I and cathepsin B. We conclude that high concentrations of Major seminal plasma PSP‐I and cathepsin B in boar seminal plasma are associated with reduced total and progressive sperm motility and low sperm morphology and might be used as biomarkers for semen quality.     

Sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation and its association with semen quality in Greek men

Due to the limitations of conventional semen analysis in predicting a man's fertility potential, sperm DNA fragmentation was recently introduced as a novel marker of sperm quality. This prospective study was undertaken to investigate the associations between conventional seminal parameters and DNA fragmentation in Greek men. A total of 669 subject data were evaluated in two groups, normozoospermic (n = 184) and non‐normozoospermic (n = 485), according to the WHO 2010 (WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, 5th edn. World Health Organization), reference limits. For all the subjects, semen volume, sperm concentration, total count, rapid and total progressive motility and morphology were recorded following the WHO 2010 methods and DNA fragmentation was assessed by the sperm chromatin dispersion assay. An inverse correlation was established between DNA fragmentation and all conventional seminal parameters except semen volume in men with seminal profiles below the reference limits, with statistical significance for rapid and total progressive motility. Normozoospermic men exhibited lower levels of DNA fragmentation than their non‐normozoospermic counterparts, even though the values were not always below 30%. DNA fragmentation testing and traditional semen analysis should therefore be considered as complementary diagnostic tools in a comprehensive evaluation of male infertility.     

The micronutrient supplements,zinc sulphate and folic acid,did not ameliorate sperm functional parameters in oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men

We investigated the effects of folic acid and zinc sulphate supplementation on the improvement of sperm function in subfertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) men. Eighty‐three OAT men participated in a 16‐week intervention randomised, double‐blind clinical trial with daily treatment of folic acid (5 mg day^?1) and zinc sulphate (220 mg day^?1), or placebo. Before and after treatment, semen and blood samples were obtained for determining sperm concentration, motility, and morphology, sperm viability, sperm mitochondrial function, sperm chromatin status using toluidine blue, aniline blue, acridine orange and chromomycin A₃ staining; and semen and blood folate, zinc, B₁₂, total antioxidant capacity ( TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. Sperm concentration (×10⁶ ml^?1) increased in subfertile men receiving the combined treatment of folic acid and zinc sulphate and also in the group receiving only folic acid treatment; however, it was not statistically significant (P = 0.056 and P = 0.05, respectively). Sperm chromatin integrity (%) increased significantly in subfertile men receiving only zinc sulphate treatment (P = 0.048). However, this improvement in sperm quality was not significant after adjusting placebo effect. This study showed that zinc sulphate and folic acid supplementation did not ameliorate sperm quality in infertile men with severely compromised sperm parameters, OAT. Male infertility is a multifactorial disorder, and also nutritional factors play an important role in results of administration of supplementation on sperm parameters. However, these results should be confirmed by multiple studies in larger populations of OAT men.     

In vitro effects of nonylphenol on motility,mitochondrial, acrosomal and chromatin integrity of ram and boar spermatozoa

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of nonylphenol (NP) on viability of ram and boar sperm in vitro. Ram or boar spermatozoa were exposed to 1, 10, 100, 250 and 500 μg NP ml^?1 for 1, 2, 3 or 4 h. Computer‐assisted sperm motility analysis (CASA) system was used to evaluate sperm motility characteristics. Flow cytometry was used to determine mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and chromatin integrity, while epifluorescent microscopy was used to determine sperm acrosomal status. Exposure of both species spermatozoa to 250 and 500 μg NP ml^?1 was detrimental to progressive motility (P < 0.05), and its adverse effect was significant at lower (100 μg NP ml^?1) concentration (P < 0.05). The percentages of ram and boar spermatozoa with high MMP declined drastically after exposures to ≥250 μg ml^?1 NP (P < 0.05). Unlike chromatin integrity, which did not appear to be altered by NP exposure, there were dose‐dependent NP effects (P < 0.05) on acrosomal integrity of both species at as low as 1 μg ml^?1 NP for boar spermatozoa and 10 μg ml^?1 NP for ram spermatozoa. These data show adverse effects of NP on ram and boar spermatozoa and thus its potential harmful effects on male reproduction as NP is found in fruits, vegetables, human milk, fish and livestock products.     

Supplemental effect of varying L-cysteine concentrations on the quality of cryopreserved boar semen

Cryopreservation is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species, which leads to lipid peroxidation of the sperm membrane and consequently a reduction in sperm motility and decreased fertility potential. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of L-cysteine needed for cryopreservation of boar semen. Twelve boars provided semen of proven motility and morphology for this study. The semen was divided into four portions in which the lactose-egg yolk （LEY） extender used to resuspend the centrifuged sperm pellet was supplemented with various concentrations of L-cysteine to reach 0 mmol L^-1 （group Ⅰ, control）, 5 mmol L^-1 （group Ⅱ）, 10 mmol L^-1 （group Ⅲ） and 15 mmol L^-1 （group Ⅳ）. Semen suspensions were loaded in straws （0.5 mL） and placed in a controlled-rate freezer. After cryopreservation, frozen semen samples were thawed and investigated for progressive motility, viability using SYBR-14/EthD-1 staining and acrosome integrity using FITC-PNA/EthD-1 staining. There was a significantly higher （P 〈 0.01） percentage of progressive motility, viability and acrosomal integrity in two L-cysteine-supplemented groups （group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ） compared with the control. There was a biphasic effect of L-cysteine, with the highest percentage of progressive motility, viability and acrosomal integrity in group Ⅲ. In conclusion, 5 or 10 mmol L^-1 was the optimum concentration of L-cysteine to be added to the LEY extender for improving the quality of frozen-thawed boar semen.     

Automated semen analysis by SQA Vision® versus the manual approach—A prospective double‐blind study

Next to clinical investigations, the evaluation of male fertility relies mainly on detailed sperm analyses, for example, cell counting, motility, cell morphology and vitality testing. The manual creation of a spermiogram is time‐ and material‐consuming. Therefore, reliable high‐throughput systems that may be substituted for manual methods are urgently needed. The present study aimed to compare conventional sperm analysis performed as per WHO 5th guidelines and semen analysis performed with the SQA Vision^® machine. SQA Vision^® is a commercial device for automated sperm analysis. Data obtained independently by both methods were compared by statistical analyses using Bland–Altman plots and Passing–Bablok regression analyses. The analyses revealed that the results for sperm concentration and total motility were comparable. The agreement for progressive motility was poor, and there were clear deviations in the determination of normal sperm morphology. Passing–Bablok regression analyses and the consideration of the 95% confidence intervals pointed out systematic and proportional differences between the manual semen analysis and the automated approach.     

Seminal oxidation–reduction potential as a possible indicator of impaired sperm parameters in Turkish population

Oxidative stress (OS) has been shown to have a key role in male infertility. Recently, a new measurement method has been developed to measure the overall oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) in a semen sample known as the MiOXSYS system. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of sperm parameters with oxidative stress levels determined by ORP and to evaluate whether the current limit is able to distinguish abnormal sperm parameters from normal ones in Turkish population. Semen samples of 121 patients who applied for infertility investigation were divided into two groups as (OS +; n:39) and (OS −; n:82). Semen parameters were compared between groups. Sperm concentration, total motility and progressive motility were found to be significantly lower in OS (+) patients compared to those OS (−), while immotile sperm count was significantly higher in OS (+) patients. Oxidative stress determined by MiOXSYS system was found to be related to reduced sperm parameters in Turkish population, which may be used as an indicator of poor sperm parameters and a support to routine semen analysis. In addition, recommended reference value was found to be reliable in distinguishing normal from impaired semen parameters.     

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is correlated closely with sperm progressive motility and normal morphology in healthy and fertile men with normal sperm parameters

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has been demonstrated to be expressed in mature spermatozoa and correlated with sperm quality. Sperm CFTR expression in fertile men is higher than that in infertile men suffering from teratospermia, asthenoteratospermia, asthenospermia and oligospermia, but it is unknown whether CFTR is correlated with sperm parameters when sperm parameters are normal. In this study, 282 healthy and fertile men with normal semen parameters were classified into three age groups, group (I): age group of 20–29 years (98 cases, 27.1 ± 6.2), group (II): age group of 30–39 years (142 cases, 33.7 ± 2.6) and group (III): age group of more than or equal to 40 years (42 cases, 44.1 ± 4.6). Sperm concentration, total count and progressive motility were analysed by computer‐assisted sperm analysis. Sperm morphology was analysed by modified Papanicolaou staining. Sperm CFTR expression was conducted by indirect immunofluorescence staining. There was a significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) between CFTR expression and sperm progressive motility (r = 0.221) and normal morphology (r = 0.202), but there were no correlations between sperm CFTR expression and semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm total count as well as male age (P > 0.05). Our findings show that CFTR expression is associated with sperm progressive motility and normal morphology in healthy and fertile men with normal sperm parameters, but not associated with the number of spermatozoa and male age.     

Relationship of spermatozoal DNA fragmentation with semen quality in varicocele‐positive men

The aim of the study was to assess the semen quality and levels of spermatozoal nuclear DNA fragmentation in subfertile subjects clinically diagnosed with varicocele, subfertile subjects without varicocele and healthy fertile controls. Semen samples were obtained from 302 subjects. Of them, 115 were healthy fertile controls having normal semen characteristics, 121 subfertile men diagnosed with varicocele, both, clinically and on ultrasonography, while 66 subjects were subfertile with no varicocele. Spermatozoal concentration, percentage motility, morphology and DNA fragmentation were measured. In the study population, deterioration in semen quality‐decreased spermatozoal concentration, percentage motility and normal morphology was seen in subfertile subjects, especially with varicocele. Highest spermatozoal DNA fragmentation was observed in varicocele‐positive subjects as compared with varicocele‐negative subjects and healthy fertile controls. Significant negative correlation was seen between spermatozoal DNA fragmentation and concentration (r = ?0.310), motility (r = ?0.328) normal morphology, WHO method (r = ?0.221) and Tygerberg strict criteria (r = ?0.180) in the varicocele‐positive subfertile subjects. In conclusion, this study suggests existence of a negative relationship between spermatozoal DNA fragmentation and semen quality in varicocele‐positive subfertile subjects.     

Milk,caseinate and lactoferrin addition to equine semen cooling extenders

Cooled semen has been used routinely to prolong sperm viability until artificial insemination time. However, spermatozoa are subjected to oxidative stress. The aim of the present work was to investigate the protective and antioxidant effect of the milk proteins lactoferrin (Lf) and caseinate added to equine semen cooling extenders. Semen from six stallions was cooled at 5 °C after resuspension with C1) milk‐ and glucose‐based, C2) 0.6% caseinate, C3) C2 + Lf 200 μg ml^?1, C4) C2 + Lf 500 μg ml^?1 and C5) C2 + Lf 1000 μg ml^?1 extenders, and kept at 5 °C for 24 h. Sperm motility characteristics and intact membrane rates were not different among the treatments (P > 0.05). As a result of the cooling process, the nitrite concentration increased significantly in the cooled semen (69.6 ± 78.9 μm per ×10⁶ spermatozoa) compared with the fresh semen (8.6 ± 1.9 μm per ×10⁶ spermatozoa). In contrast, the H₂O₂ concentrations were lower in the 0.6% caseinate extender (265.9 ± 221.3 μm per ×10⁶ spermatozoa) than in the milk extender (430.9 ± 199.8 μm per ×10⁶ spermatozoa, P < 0.05), showing an antioxidative effect of the caseinate compared with the milk. However, in all groups, hydrogen peroxide concentrations were similar to the undiluted fresh semen (332.8 ± 151.3 μm per ×10⁶ spermatozoa). Caseinate showed to be as efficient as milk to protect equine‐cooled spermatozoon.     

Antioxidant effect of hydroxytyrosol on human sperm quality during in vitro incubation

The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on human sperm quality during incubation in vitro. Semen samples collected from men attending the Laboratory of Histology‐Embryology of Sfax Faculty of Medicine (Tunisia) for infertility investigations were evaluated for initial sperm parameters. Only normal selected ejaculates (n = 15) were centrifuged and incubated further with or without HT (200ug ml^?1) at room temperature for 45 min. After incubation, sperm motility and viability, DNA oxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were assessed. The results showed that centrifugation significantly influenced sperm motility and viability. The supplementation of HT in incubating media improved (P = 0.01) significantly sperm viability and decreased sperm DNA oxidation (P < 0.001) and ROS levels (P = 0.03) following centrifugation. It can be concluded that supplementation of HT might be helpful to maintain the human spermatozoon after centrifugation.     

Correlation between lead and cadmium concentration and semen quality

There are contrary reports of association of lead and cadmium with the decline in semen quality. This study evaluates whether seminal lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) at environmental concentration are associated with altered semen quality. We conducted a study of healthy fertile and infertile men 20–43 years of age attending the Andrology Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Department for semen analysis. The semen analysis was carried out according to the WHO 2010 guidelines. Seminal lead and cadmium were estimated by ICP‐AES. The lead and cadmium values were significantly higher in infertile subjects. A negative association between seminal lead or cadmium concentration and sperm concentration, sperm motility and per cent abnormal spermatozoa was found. This study shows that exposure to Pb (5.29–7.25 μg dl^?1) and cadmium (4.07–5.92 μg dl^?1) might affect semen profile in men. Age, diet, smoking and tobacco chewing habits may have an influence on the increase in exposure to Pb and Cd in the individual subjects.     

Correlation of biochemical constituents of seminal plasma with semen quality in Teddy goat (Capra hircus) bucks

This study was planned to determine the relationship between semen quality parameters and the levels of biochemical constituents of seminal plasma of Teddy (Capra hircus) buck semen. For this purpose, semen ejaculates were collected from five mature healthy Teddy bucks. All the experimental bucks were kept under natural environmental conditions. Semen was collected twice in a week for the duration of 6 weeks by Artificial Vagina (AV) in the breeding season (February‐April). Two successive ejaculates of single buck were pooled at time of collection, and a total of 60 semen samples were processed for semen analysis. Sperm per cent motility, sperm concentration, dead sperm percentage, morphological abnormal spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity were correlated with biochemical constituents of seminal plasma. The mean per cent motility (89.18% ± 0.37%), sperm concentration (1.86 ± 0.04 × 10⁹/ml), dead sperm percentage (8.08% ± 0.29%), morphological abnormal spermatozoa (6.05% ± 0.29%) and plasma membrane integrity (88.22% ± 0.34%) were recorded. The seminal plasma contained Na⁺ (144.12 ± 1.59 mEq/L), K⁺ (27.38 ± 0.49 mEq/L), Cl^? (65.73 ± 0.45 mEq/L), Ca⁺⁺ (9.34 ± 0.22 mg/dl), P (19.32 ± 0.97 mg/dl), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 26.48 ± 1.30 IU/L), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 168.47 ± 5.18 IU/L), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; 215.98 ± 6.06 IU/L), albumin (1.90 ± 0.10 g/dl), globulins (2.08 ± 0.11 g/dl) and total protein (3.98 ± 0.20 g/dl). The collected data were analysed by applying Pearson's correlation coefficients. Dead sperm percentage had negative correlation with sodium (r = ?.278, p < .05), albumin (r = ?.294, p < .05), globulin (r = ?.266, p < .05) and total protein (r = ?.295, p < .05). Phosphorus was negatively associated with sperm concentration (r = ?.262, p < .05). AST was negatively correlated with plasma membrane integrity (r = ?.292, p < .05). It was concluded that most of the semen quality parameters of Teddy bucks were positively correlated with biochemical constituents, but opposite trends were found in case of dead sperm percentage. The seminal biochemical constituents dynamically interact with each other.