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1.
Ilona Falecka-Wieczorek Dr. Hanna Kaciuba-UŚciłko 《European journal of applied physiology》1984,53(3):267-273
Summary Metabolic and hormonal responses to prolonged treadmill exercise in dogs fed a fat-enriched meal 4 h prior to the exercise were compared to those measured 4 h after a mixed meal or in the postabsorptive state.Ingestion of the fat-enriched meal caused significant elevations in the resting values of plasma triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), and glycerol concentrations. A reduction of the plasma TG concentration (from 1.6±0.2 to 1.1±0.10 mmol·l–1,P<0.005) occurred only in dogs exercising after the fat-enriched meal. No significant changes in this variable were noted in dogs fed a mixed meal, whilst in the postabsorptive state exercise caused an increase in the plasma TG level (from 0.42±0.03 to 0.99±0.11 mmol·l–1,P<0.01). The exercise-induced elevations in plasma FFA and glycerol concentrations were the highest in the dogs given the fat-enriched meal. Plasma glycerol during exercise correlated with the initial values of circulating TG (r=0.73). The plasma FFA-glycerol ratio, at the end of exercise was lowest in the dogs taking the fat-enriched meal (1.39±0.19), suggesting an increased utilization of FFA in comparison with that in the postabsorptive state (3.27±0.37) or after a mixed meal (2.88±0.55). Basal serum insulin (IRI) concentrations were similarly enhanced in dogs fed fat-enriched and mixed meals, and they were reduced to control values within 60 min of exercise. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations correlated with time of exercise (r=0.84 andr=0.96, respectively) and were unaffected by the nutritional modifications.It is concluded that ingestion of a single fat-enriched meal considerably modifies the exercise-induced changes in lipid metabolism. The pattern of changes in plasma TG, FFA, and glycerol concentrations indicates an enhanced hydrolysis of plasma chylomicron-TG, suggesting that this lipid source may contribute markedly to exercise metabolism.This work was supported by the Polish Academy of Sciences within the Project 10.4 相似文献
2.
This study investigated associations between the apolipoprotein (apo) CIII polymorphism and triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations in fasting and postprandial plasma. Polymerase chain reaction followed by a restriction fragment length genotyping was conducted to assess the allele frequency of the apo CIII T2854G variants in healthy and normolipidemic Korean men (n=262). Waist circumference, body mass index (kilograms per meter squared), fasting plasma concentrations of TAG, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), glucose, and insulin were compared across the genotypes. Compared to TT homozygotes and TG heterozygotes, GG homozygotes had 22% higher fasting TAG concentrations, respectively (p<0.05). A subgroup of 60 subjects (TT homozygotes=20, TG heterozygotes=22, GG homozygotes= 18) were further invited to participate in a high-fat meal test to assess postprandial TAG concentrations. During the high-fat meal test, the GG homozygotes had 21% higher TAG area under the curve (AUC) than the TT homozygotes (p<0.05) and 22% higher TAG AUC than the TG heterozygotes (p<0.05). In conclusion, this is the first study to show that the apo CIII T2854G variants are associated with elevated postprandial TAG concentrations in the study population of Korean men. 相似文献
3.
B. Föger H. Drexel T. Hopferwieser G. Miesenböck A. Ritsch M. Lechleitner G. Tröbinger J. R. Patsch 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》1994,72(4):294-301
In 11 patients with 1113 hyperlipoproteinemia we studied fasting lipids, lipoproteins, lipoprotein-modifying enzymes, and postprandial lipid metabolism after a standardized oral fat load supplemented with vitamin A before and 12 weeks after treatment with fenofibrate, a third-generation fibric acid derivative. Fasting plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01), high-density lipoprotein subfraction 3 cholesterol increased significantly (P < 0.05), and high-density lipoprotein subfraction 2 cholesterol remained unchanged. Postprandial lipemia, i.e., the integrated postprandial triglyceride concentrations corrected for the fasting triglyceride level, and postprandial chylomicron concentrations, as assessed by biosynthetic labeling of chylomicrons with retinyl palmitate, decreased by 40.6% and 60.1% (P < 0.05; P < 0.05), respectively. The activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) increased by 33.6% (P < 0.05); the increase in LPL during fenofibrate treatment was positively correlated with the increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.84; P < 0.005). Hepatic lipase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein mass and activity remained unchanged. We conclude that lipid-lowering therapy with fenofibrate ameliorates fasting and, more profoundly, postprandial lipoprotein transport in hypertriglyceridemia by curbing postprandial triglyceride and chylomicron accumulation, at least in part, through an increase in LPL activity.Abbreviations LDL
low-density lipoproteins
- HDL
high-density lipoproteins
- LPL
lipoprotein lipase
- HL
hepatic lipase
- CETP
cholesteryl ester transfer protein
- CHD
coronary heart disease
- VLDL
very low density lipoproteins
- TG
triglycerides
- apo
apolipoprotein
Correspondence to: J.R. Patsch 相似文献
4.
Evelin Zotou Faidon Magkos Christina Koutsari Elizabeth Fragopoulou Tzortzis Nomikos Labros S. Sidossis Smaragdi Antonopoulou 《European journal of applied physiology》2010,110(4):869-874
A single bout of endurance exercise lowers fasting and postprandial triglyceride (TG) concentrations in both men and women, by reducing TG in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs). The effect of resistance exercise on TRL-TG metabolism is not known; previous studies only measured total plasma TG concentrations and provide conflicting results. Furthermore, none has specifically examined women. We therefore sought to evaluate the effect of a single bout of resistance exercise on TRL-TG metabolism in women. We measured the concentrations of TG in total plasma and TRLs in the fasting state and during an oral fat tolerance test in five healthy untrained women (age: 32 ± 5 years; body mass index: 21.5 ± 1.7 kg/m2; peak oxygen consumption: 31 ± 4 mL/kg min) in the morning, on two separate occasions: once after a single ~95-min bout of moderate-intensity whole-body resistance exercise (energy expenditure: 2.9 ± 0.1 MJ) and once after an equivalent period of rest, on the preceding afternoon. Fasting plasma TG and TRL-TG concentrations were 22 ± 12 and 40 ± 21% lower, respectively, and postprandial plasma TG and TRL-TG areas-under-the-curve were 24 ± 13 and 27 ± 10% lower, respectively, after exercise than rest (all P values <0.05). Effect sizes ranged from ?0.52 to ?0.90. Non-TRL-TG concentrations in the fasting and postprandial states were not different between trials (P > 0.60). We conclude that a single bout of resistance exercise attenuates fasting and postprandial triglyceridemia in women by reducing TRL-TG concentrations. 相似文献
5.
We examined the effect of exercise on postprandial lipemia (PPL) and insulin resistance in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Subjects were 10 hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) males with insulin resistance [age = 40.1 ± 2.2 years, body weight = 96.3 ± 3.3 kg, fasting triglyceride (TG) = 263 ± 25 mg/dl, VO2max = 37 ± 1.1 ml/kg/min, and Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR, an index of insulin resistance) = 3.05 ± 0.40]. Each subject performed a control trial (Ctr, no exercise), and three exercise trials at 40% (40%T), 60% (60%T), and 70% (70%T) of their VO2max. The order of trials was randomized and there were 1–2 weeks wash-out period between the trials. All subjects had a fat-meal in each trial. In the exercise trials, subjects jogged on a treadmill for 1 h at a designated intensity 12 h prior to a fat-meal ingestion. Blood samples were taken at 0 h (before the meal), and 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after the meal. The plasma TG, area score under TG concentration curve for over an 8 h-period (TG AUC) after the meal, and HOMA-IR were analyzed. The TG AUC score in 40%T was 30% lower (P = 0.003), 60%T was 31% lower (P = 0.02), and 70%T was 39% lower (P = 0.02) than Ctr. There were no significant differences in the TG AUC scores among the exercise trials (P > 0.05). The insulin concentrations in both 60 and 70%T were lower than Ctr (P < 0.01) which did not differ from 40%T. HOMA-IR in both 60%T (P = 0.041) and 70%T (P = 0.002) were lower than Ctr, but not different from 40%T (HOMA-IR: Ctr = 3.05 ± 0.40, 40%T = 2.67 ± 0.35, 60%T = 2.49 ± 0.31, 70%T = 2.21 ± 0.27). The results suggest that for physically inactive individuals with metabolic syndrome, exercising at low to moderate intensity may be sufficient to attenuate PPL and increase insulin sensitivity, whereas higher intensity exercise may be needed to normalize blood glucose. 相似文献
6.
Variation in the lipoprotein lipase gene influences exercise-induced left ventricular growth 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Flavell DM Wootton PT Myerson SG World MJ Pennell DJ Humphries SE Talmud PJ Montgomery HE 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》2006,84(2):126-131
The adult heart relies predominantly on fatty acids (FA) for energy generation, and defects in FA catabolism cause dramatic
left ventricular (LV) growth in early age. Since lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the key enzyme in plasma triglyceride catabolism
and is highly expressed in the myocardium, we investigated an association between the functional LPL gene serine 447 stop (S447X) variant and exercise-induced LV growth. The S447X variant was genotyped in 146 British Army
recruits undergoing a 10-week exercise programme. Over the training period, X447 allele carriers showed less LV growth than
S447 homozygotes (SS, 5.8±0.7%; SX, 2.2±1.5%; P=0.03) and a decrease in systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP: SS, 1.9±1.3 mmHg; SX, −5.7±2.2 mmHg; P=0.015). Although LPL genotype did not significantly predict LV growth with ΔSBP in statistical modelling (LPL, P=0.14; ΔSBP, P=0.06), regression analysis indicated that LPL S447X genotype effect on ΔSBP accounted for only 20% of the effect on LV growth.
In multivariate analysis, LPL, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha and angiotensin-converting enzyme genotypes
were independent predictors of cardiac growth. Thus, LPL S447X genotype influenced exercise-induced changes in LV mass and
SBP. Change in blood pressure accounted for a proportion of LV growth. These data suggest that increased myocardial FA availability
may reduce exercise-induced LV growth.
Conflict-of-interest disclosure statementNo conflict of interest exists 相似文献
7.
Owen J. MacEneaney Michael Harrison Donal J. O’Gorman Elena V. Pankratieva Paul L. O’Connor Niall M. Moyna 《European journal of applied physiology》2009,106(5):721-729
Postprandial lipemia (PPL) is associated with impaired endothelial function and inflammation. Acute exercise reduces PPL in
adults. This investigation examined the effect of an acute bout of exercise on postprandial changes in triglycerides (TG),
glucose, insulin, inflammation [white blood cell count (WBC), interleukin-6 (IL-6) tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive
protein (CRP)] and endothelial activation [soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1
(sVCAM-1)] following a high-fat meal in adolescents. Ten normal weight (NW) (BMI, 20.9 ± 1.7 kg m−2; 15.6 ± 0.7 years) and eight overweight (OW) (BMI, 28.3 ± 3.6 kg m−2; 15.9 ± 0.4 years) adolescent boys underwent two 6-h oral fat tolerance tests (OFTT) separated by 7–10 days. On the evening
prior to each OFTT, subjects either rested or completed a treadmill exercise bout (65% 600 kcal expended). Exercise reduced (P < 0.01) the postprandial TG area under the curve by ~20% in the NW and OW groups. The postprandial glucose and insulin response
did not differ between the control and exercise trials or between the NW and OW groups. Circulating leukocytes and plasma
IL-6 levels increased (P < 0.01) in the NW and OW groups 6 h following the OFTT in both experimental conditions. There were no changes in CRP, sVCAM-1
or sICAM-1 following the OFTT and there were no differences between experimental condition or NW and OW groups. In conclusion,
a moderate exercise bout prior to a high-fat meal effectively reduces postprandial TG concentrations to a similar degree in
both NW and OW adolescents, but does not reduce the concomitant postprandial increase in WBC or IL-6. 相似文献
8.
M. Gleeson N. P. Walsh A. K. Blannin P. J. Robson L. Cook A. E. Donnelly S. H. Day 《European journal of applied physiology》1998,77(6):543-546
The aim of this study was to determine if severe exercise-induced muscle damage alters the plasma concentrations of glutamine
and zinc. Changes in plasma concentrations of glutamine, zinc and polymorphonuclear elastase (an index of phagocytic cell
activation) were examined for up to 10 days following eccentric exercise of the knee extensors of one leg in eight untrained
subjects. The exercise bout consisted of 20 repetitions of electrically stimulated eccentric muscle actions on an isokinetic
dynamometer. Subjects experienced severe muscle soreness and large increases in plasma creatine kinase activity indicative
of muscle fibre damage. Peak soreness occurred at 2 days post-exercise and peak creatine kinase activity [21714 (6416) U · l−1, mean (SEM)] occurred at 3 days post-exercise (P < 0.01 compared with pre-exercise). Plasma elastase concentration was increased at 3 days post-exercise compared with pre-exercise
(P < 0.05), and is presumably indicative of ongoing phagocytic leucocyte infiltration and activation in the damaged muscles.
There were no significant changes in plasma zinc and glutamine concentrations in the days following eccentric exercise. We
conclude that exercise-induced muscle damage does not produce changes in plasma glutamine or zinc concentrations despite evidence
of phagocytic neutrophil activation.
Accepted: 3 November 1997 相似文献
9.
Botcazou M Zouhal H Jacob C Gratas-Delamarche A Berthon PM Bentué-Ferrer D Delamarche P 《European journal of applied physiology》2006,97(1):68-75
Training is well known to influence catecholamine responses to exercise. In women, this training effect is still not well characterized and has been studied mostly in adults. Hence, we investigated in this longitudinal study, the effects of a 6-month sprint training program followed by 5 months of detraining on plasma catecholamine responses to a sprint exercise in young female subjects. Twelve healthy adolescent girls [training group (TG), n=6; control group (CG), n=6] took part in our study. TG participated in 6 months of supervised sprint training program (3 days/week) and has no training past whereas, CG continued with it’s normal activity. A 6s-sprint test was performed on a cycle ergometer before training (P1) and after training (P2) in both the groups. TG only realized a 6s-sprint test after 5 months of detraining (P3). Blood lactate concentrations (La) as well as plasma adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) concentrations were measured at rest, immediately after the warm-up and the 6s-sprint and during recovery. Peak power
peak), expressed both in absolute and relative values, were significantly increased in TG in P2 (P<0.01) but did not change in CG. After the sprint-training period, the warm-up and the 6s-sprint induced plasma A increase and the maximal A concentrations were significantly higher than in P1 and P3 for TG only (P<0.05). Plasma A did not change in CG after 6 months. In P3,
peak and maximal lactate concentrations ([La]max) were significantly greater compared to P1 and P2 in TG (P<0.05). In CG, [La]max were significantly increased in P2 (P<0.05). The present study demonstrates that 6 months of sprint training in adolescent girls induce both an increase in performances and in A responses to sprint exercise. This adrenergic adaptation disappears after 5 months of detraining whereas the gain in performance is maintained. These new data may lead to practical considerations. 相似文献
10.
To elucidate if postprandial exercise can reduce the exaggerated lipidemia seen in type 2 diabetic patients after a high-fat
meal. Two mornings eight type 2 diabetic patients (males) (58 ± 1.2 years, BMI 28.0 ± 0.9 kg m−2) and seven non-diabetic controls ate a high-fat breakfast (680 kcal m−2, 84% fat). On one morning, 90 min later subjects cycled 60 min at 57%
. Biopsies from quadriceps muscle and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue were sampled after exercise or equivalent period
of rest and arterialized blood for 615 min. Postprandial increases in serum total-triglyceride (TG) (incremental AUC: 1,702 ± 576
vs. 341 ± 117 mmol l−1 600 min), chylomicron-TG (incremental AUC: 1,331 ± 495 vs. 184 ± 55 mmol l−1 600 min) and VLDL-TG as well as in insulin (incremental AUC: 33,946 ± 7,414 vs. 13,670 ± 3,250 pmol l−1 600 min), C-peptide and glucose were higher in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic controls (P < 0.05). In diabetic patients these variables were reduced (P < 0.05) by exercise (total-TG incremental AUC being 1,110 ± 444, chylomicron-TG incremental AUC 1,043 ± 474 mmol l−1 600 min and insulin incremental AUC 18,668 ± 4,412 pmol l−1 600 min). Lipoprotein lipase activity in muscle (11.0 ± 2.0 vs. 24.1 ± 3.4 mU g per wet weight, P < 0.05) and post-heparin plasma at 615 min were lower in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic controls, but did not differ
in adipose tissue and did not change with exercise. In diabetic patients, 210 min after exercise oxygen uptake (P < 0.05) and fat oxidation (P < 0.1) were still higher than on non-exercise days. In type 2 diabetic patients, after a high-fat meal exercise reduces the
plasma concentrations of triglyceride contained in both chylomicrons and VLDL as well as insulin secretion. This suggests
protection against progression of atherosclerosis and diabetes. 相似文献
11.
Kato T Matsumura Y Tsukanaka A Harada T Kosaka M Matsui N 《European journal of applied physiology》2004,91(2-3):296-302
The present study examined the effect of hypoxia-induced respiratory alkalosis on exercise-induced metabolic acidosis and increases in plasma lactate and ammonia levels. Six male subjects underwent exercise of increasing intensity until exhaustion: (1) in normoxia (20.9% O2) (=MAX), (2) in hypoxia (12% O2) (=HP) in which hypoxic condition had been maintained from 60 min before to 30 min after exercise, and (3) the same intensity of exercise as HP in normoxia (=SUB). Arterialized blood was drawn from a superficial vein. Post-exercise blood pH was significantly higher in HP than in MAX (P<0.05), although plasma lactate was at the same level. For hypoxia as compared to normoxia, regression analysis confirmed a parallel shift of plasma lactate to higher pH levels indicating the effect of respiratory alkalosis (P<0.01). After exercise plasma levels of ammonia were lower in HP than in MAX (P<0.05). Regression analysis between ammonia and pH revealed nearly identical changes in hypoxia and normoxia at low pH. From these results, we conclude that: (1) hypoxia-induced respiratory alkalosis attenuated exhaustive exercise-induced metabolic acidosis, (2) plasma lactate concentration was determined by the relative exercise intensity, (3) the maximum plasma ammonia concentration under exhaustive exercise was reduced at hypoxia because of respiratory alkalosis. 相似文献
12.
Akova B Sürmen-Gür E Gür H Dirican M Sarandöl E Küçükoglu S 《European journal of applied physiology》2001,84(1-2):141-147
The purpose of this study was to investigate the individual and combined antioxidant effects of menstrual cycle phase-related
alterations in blood serum oestradiol concentrations and of dietary vitamin E supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative
stress and muscle performance. A group of 18 sedentary women, aged 19–35 years, were given supplements of 300 mg α-tocopherol
(n=10) or placebo (n=8) daily during the course of two menstrual cycles. The subjects exercised the knee isokinetically to exhaustion after cycling
submaximally at 50% maximal oxygen uptake during the menstrual and preovulatory phases of their menstrual cycles. Blood samples
were taken before and after the exercise, to evaluate haematocrit, plasma lactic acid and malondialdehyde concentrations,
erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and apolipoprotein
B containing lipoprotein (non-high density lipoprotein, HDL, fraction) oxidation. Serum vitamin E, follicle stimulating hormone,
luteinizing hormone and oestradiol concentrations were measured in pre-exercise blood samples. Neither vitamin E supplementation
nor oestradiol concentrations influenced SOD and GPx activities or the susceptibility of the non-HDL fraction to oxidation
while at rest. Plasma malondialdehyde concentration was unaffected by exercise, however significant reductions in erythrocyte
SOD and GPx activities and increased susceptibility of the non-HDL fraction to oxidation were noted after exercise. Exercise-induced
changes were reduced when oestradiol concentration was high in the preovulatory phase, independent of the serum vitamin E
concentrations. In addition, both pre- (r=0.58, P < 0.05) and post-exercise (r=0.73, P < 0.001) GPx activities in placebo administered subjects were positively correlated with oestradiol concentrations. In conclusion,
these findings suggest a better protective role of oestradiol against oxidative injury, compared to vitamin E. Exhausting
muscle performance was, however, not influenced by vitamin E supplementation and/or cycle-phase related changes in oestradiol
concentrations.
Accepted: 18 September 2000 相似文献
13.
Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory protein that reduced in obesity. Exercise training may reduce the adipose tissue (AT),
although it is not well known whether exercise-induced change in AT, increases the adiponectin mRNA expression and plasma
concentrations or not; therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the adiponectin mRNA and plasma concentrations
in middle-aged men after 12 weeks high-intensity exercise training and after a week detraining. Sixteen sedentary overweight
and obese middle-aged men (age 41.18 ± 6.1 years; ± SD) volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were randomly
assigned to training group (n = 8) or control group (n = 8). The training group performed endurance training 4 days a week for 12 weeks at an intensity corresponding to 75–80%
individual maximum oxygen consumption for 45 min. After 12 weeks of training, subjects underwent a week of detraining. The
results showed that the BMI as well as central and peripheral AT volume were decreased in the training group compared to the
control group (P < 0.05). After 12 weeks, the training group resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the adiponectin gene expression in abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous AT when compared with the control group.
The results showed that plasma adiponectin concentrations increased and insulin resistance decreased after training compared
to the control group (P < 0.05). After a week of detraining, the variables were not changed significantly in the training group. In conclusion, high-intensity
endurance training caused an increase adiponectin mRNA in obese middle-aged men. 相似文献
14.
H. M. Heshmati G. Turpin J. L. de Gennes 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》1987,65(11):516-519
Summary Plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were studied in 15 hyperprolactinemic women who had a prolactin (PRL) adenoma, in comparison to 15 age-matched control women. In the hyperprolactinemic group, plasma lipids were also correlated to age, excess body weight (EBW), plasma PRL, and estradiol-17 (E2). Plasma TC, TG, and LDL-C were similar in both hyperprolactinemic and control women, while plasma HDL-C was significantly lower (P<0.01) in the hyperprolactinemic group. The correlation study showed a significant negative correlation between HDL-C and EBW (r=–0.64;P<0.02) and a slightly significant positive correlation between TG and PRL (r=0.54;P<0.05). The direct effect of PRL on plasma lipids is difficult to establish since many factors influencing lipid metabolism are altered during hyperprolactinemia.Abbreviations EBW
excess body weight
- E2
estradiol-17
- GH
growth hormone
- HDL-C
high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- LDL-C
low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- LPL
lipoprotein lipase
- PRL
prolactin
- RIA
radioimmunoassay
- TC
total cholesterol
- TG
triglycerides 相似文献
15.
R. Thomasson A. Baillot L. Jollin A.-M. Lecoq V. Amiot F. Lasne K. Collomp 《The journal of physiological sciences : JPS》2010,60(6):435-439
This study examined the relationships between plasma and saliva adrenocortical hormones in response to long-duration submaximal
exercise. In nine healthy, physically active, female volunteers, blood and saliva samples were taken at rest and every 30 min
during a 120-min cycling trial at 50–55% VO2max for cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) analysis. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate but significant relationship
between plasma and saliva cortisol (r = 0.35, P < 0.02) and plasma and saliva DHEA (r = 0.47, P < 0.001) during the submaximal exercise. When expressed in percent of resting values, the correlations between the plasma
and saliva concentrations were higher for both hormones during the exercise (cortisol: r = 0.72; DHEA: r = 0.68, P < 0.001). The results thus suggest that, even under prolonged exercise conditions, non-invasive saliva samples may offer
a practical approach to assessing pituitary–adrenal function, especially when compared with individual basal values. 相似文献
16.
Kyparos A Sotiriadou S Mougios V Cheva A Barbanis S Karkavelas G Arsos G Albani M Matziari C 《European journal of applied physiology》2011,111(10):2557-2569
Antioxidant supplementation has been suggested to prevent exercise-induced muscle injury, but the findings are inconsistent.
The objective of this study was to investigate the potential protective role of vitamin E treatment against eccentric exercise-induced
muscle injury by examining morphological and functional alterations in rat soleus muscle after downhill running as well as
muscle injury markers in the blood. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to vitamin E-treated or placebo-treated
groups studied at rest, immediately post-exercise or 48 h post-exercise (n = 10 per group). Vitamin E was administered by daily intraperitoneal injections of 100 mg/kg body mass of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate for five consecutive days prior to exercise, resulting in the doubling of its plasma concentration.
Downhill running resulted in significant (P < 0.05) changes in all injury markers for the placebo-treated rats at 0 and 48 h post-exercise. However, significantly smaller
soleus muscle single-twitch tension (P
t) and unfused (40 Hz) tetanic force, and greater plasma creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) activities compared
with the control were found only immediately post-exercise for the vitamin E-treated rats (P < 0.05). Maximal tetanic force (P
o) did not decline significantly compared to sedentary controls at neither time points measured. The vitamin E-treated rats
had significantly (P < 0.05) higher soleus muscle P
t immediately post-exercise than the placebo-treated rats as well as lower plasma CK and LD activity 48 h post-exercise. However,
there was no difference in P
o decline between groups at either time points measured. Vitamin E-treated rats had less pronounced morphological alterations
in muscle in the immediate and 48-h post-exercise period. In conclusion, the effect of short-term vitamin E supplementation
against eccentric exercise-induced muscle injury did not appear to be physiologically significant, because vitamin E failed
to prevent the decline in the functional measure of P
o compared to the placebo conditions. 相似文献
17.
G. VAN DIJK J. VISSING A. B. STEFFENS H. GALBO 《Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)》1994,151(2):165-172
The ventromedial and posterior hypothalamic nuclei are known to influence glucoregulation during exercise. The extensive projections of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) to the sympathetic nervous system suggest that the PVN also may be involved in glucoregulation during exercise. The region of the PVN was anaesthetized with bupivacaine before running (26 m min-1) or continued rest, via previously implanted bilateral brain cannulas aimed at the dorsal aspect of the PVN. Control rats were treated identically to PVN-anaesthetized rats, but were not infused. Blood, for determination of plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones, was drawn from a tail artery, and 3H-glucose was infused in a tail vein for glucose turnover determinations. At rest, no significant changes in plasma concentrations of metabolites or hormones were induced by anaesthesia of the region of the PVN. During exercise, glucose production and utilization and plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, glycerol, noradrenaline, adrenaline, corticosterone, and glucagon increased (P < 0.02) and plasma insulin decreased (P < 0.02) in all rats. However, initially in exercise, adrenaline (4.3 ±0.8 vs. 7.9 ± 1.0 nmol 1-1 in controls, P < 0.05, t= 6 min) and later corticosterone levels (1.37 ± 0.06 vs. 1.69 ± 0.10 nmol 1-1 in controls, P < 0.05, t = 20 min) were attenuated by PVN anaesthesia. Initially during exercise, glucose utilization was higher and plasma glucose lower in PVN-anaesthetized rats compared to controls (16.6 ± 0.8 vs. 12.7 ± 0.6 μmol min-1 100 g-1 and 7.1 ± 0.2 vs. 8.1 ± 0.2 mmol 1-1, respectively. P < 0.05, t= 6 min) and exercise-induced liver glycogen breakdown was only significant in the controls. In conclusion, the region of the PVN does not influence glucoregulation at rest, but affects glucoregulation during exercise, by stimulating adrenaline and corticosterone secretion during exercise. 相似文献
18.
Shaw CS Cooper NM Shaw O Salomao P Wagenmakers AJ 《European journal of applied physiology》2011,111(10):2607-2613
Our first aim was to investigate whether the ingestion of a single high-fat meal impairs glucose tolerance. Our second aim
was to investigate whether improvements in glucose tolerance that are seen after resistance exercise remain when exercise
is performed after ingestion of a high-fat meal. Eight young males consumed either a high fat (HF) or an isocaloric control
(CON) meal in the morning and underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 6 h later. On two other occasions, a single
1 h bout of resistance exercise was completed 2 h after consumption of each meal (HFE and CONE). There were no significant
differences in plasma glucose and plasma insulin areas under the curve (AUC) or estimates of insulin sensitivity between the
HF and CON trials (P > 0.05). The HFE and CONE trials elicited a ~20% lower plasma glucose AUC (P < 0.05) compared to their respective control trials. The HFE also elicited a ~25% lower plasma insulin AUC (P < 0.05) in comparison to the HF trial. The HFE trial also significantly improved estimates of insulin sensitivity in comparison
to the HF condition (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that consumption of a single HF meal does not impair glucose tolerance in
the resting state in lean individuals and that an acute bout of resistance exercise remains effective in enhancing glucose
tolerance following the ingestion of a single high-fat meal. 相似文献
19.
Melin B Koulmann N Jimenez C Savourey G Launay JC Cottet-Emard JM Pequignot JM Allevard AM Gharib C 《European journal of applied physiology》2001,85(3-4):250-258
The effects of hydromineral hormones and catecholamines on renal water and electrolyte excretion were examined during and
after dehydration induced by either passive heat or exercise. Eight healthy young Caucasian subjects participated in three
separate trials, each including three consecutive phases. Phases 1 and 3 involved a 90-min period at rest in a thermoneutral
environment, while phase 2 involved a 120-min period designed to provide: (1) euhydration (control trial), (2) passive heat-induced
dehydration of 2.8% body mass, or (3) exercise-induced dehydration of 2.8% body mass. During the two dehydration procedures,
the decreases in urine flow and sodium excretion were more marked during exercise (P<0.05). An increase in plasma catecholamines occurred only during exercise, together with a reduction in creatinine clearance
and more marked increases in plasma renin and aldosterone than during passive heat exposure (P<0.05). Although plasma vasopressin was elevated during the two dehydration procedures, urine osmolality did not change and,
moreover, free water clearance increased during exercise (P<0.05). Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide increased markedly only during exercise compared to the other trials (P<0.05). After the dehydration procedures, urine flow decreased again and urine osmolality increased markedly (P<0.05), while plasma vasopressin remained elevated. These results suggest that sympatho-adrenal activation during exercise
plays a major role in the more marked reduction in diuresis and natriuresis than during passive heat exposure. Despite high
plasma vasopressin concentrations during the two dehydrating events, the observed antidiuresis was not due to an increased
renal concentrating ability, and the vasopressin was more effective after the dehydration procedures.
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