山西某电厂职工各相关性指标与代谢综合征关系

目的 探讨血压,甘油三酯(TG),高密度脂蛋白(HDL),空腹血糖,体质指数(BMI)和腰臀比(WHR)与代谢综合征(MS)的关系.方法 对山西某电厂2007年进行健康体检的1028名职工体检资料进行分析.MS采用2005年国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)的诊断标准.结果 调查对象血压升高(≥130/85 mm Hg)、甘油三酯(TG)升高、空腹血糖升高、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)降低在MS患者中的发生率分别为60.0%、78.3%、55.0%及33.3%.BMI异常检出率为40.08%,WHR异常检出率为27.53%,BMI与WHR均异常组的3种代谢异常疾病患病率均明显高于BMI与WHR正常组(P<0.001).结论 MS患者中高TG最常见,BMI异常、WHR异常可增加代谢异常疾病的患病风险,其他代谢异常的患病率也较高,应全面地进行防治.     

2型糖尿病患者体脂指标与血压血脂的关系

目的：探讨2型糖尿病患者体质指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）、腰臀比（WHR）、腰围／身高比（WHtR）与血压、血脂的关系。方法调查191例2型糖尿病患者,测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围及血压,计算BMI、WHR、WHtR,测定总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）,分析上述四种体脂指标与2型糖尿病患者血压、血脂的关系。结果偏相关分析显示：BMI、WC、WHR、WHtR均与收缩压（SBP）独立正相关,其中WHtR相关性最强。BMI、WHtR均与舒张压（DBP）呈正相关。BMI、WC、WHR、WHtR异常组的SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C水平均较正常组偏高,HDL-C水平较正常组偏低。多元逐步线性回归表示WHtR为TG水平的影响因素。结论各体脂指标（BMI、WC、WHR、WHtR）与2型糖尿病患者的血压及血脂水平的改变有一定的相关性,对于减少2型糖尿病患者发生代谢综合征的风险而言,预防肥胖是至关重要的。     

老年高血压与2型糖尿病患者血压、血糖、血脂水平的相关性分析

目的：探讨老年人高血压与2型糖尿病患者的血压、血糖、血脂水平的相关性分析。方法：随机选择老年人住院患者400例,其中,高血压患者285例,非高血压患者115例;糖尿病患者215例,非糖尿病患者185例。同时比较患者血压、血糖、血脂之间的关系。结果：高血压组和非高血压组两者比较血脂、血糖有显著性差异;2型糖尿病和非糖尿病患者组比较血压、血脂均有显著性差异。结论：在老年人中高血压、高血糖、高血脂三者之间关系密切,早期干预,对患者预后具有重要的意义。     

冠心病患者血管内皮生长因子、超敏C反应蛋白水平变化及相关因素分析

目的观察冠心病（CHD）患者血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平的临床意义,并分析其与相关因素的关系。方法选取医院2013年1月-2014年1月住院治疗且被确诊为CHD患者101例为CHD组。另选取同期体检的健康成人100例为健康对照组。比较2组体质量指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、血糖、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血清VEGF、hs-CRP水平,应用Logistic回归分析VEGF、hs-CRP水平与相关因素的关系。结果与健康对照组相比,CHD组高血压、糖尿病、BMI、WHR、VEGF、hs-CRP水平差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。相关因素分析,VEGF与BMI、WHR、DM呈正相关,hs-CRP与BMI、WHR呈正相关。Logistic回归分析,血清WHR（Or=6.435×1010,95%CI 1.949×104~2.125×1017,P=0.001）、hs-CRP（Or=8.164,95%CI 2.595~25.685,P=0.000）是CHD发病的独立危险因素。结论血清VEGF、hs-CRP水平以及WHR、BMI与冠心病密切相关;WHR、血清hs-CRP可作为冠心病的危险因素之一。     

原发性高血压患者内脏脂肪分布的相关性研究

目的通过研究内脏脂肪与皮下脂肪比值（V/S）、体质量指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、腰围/身高比值（WHtR）与原发性高血压左室肥厚（LVH）的关系,探讨V/S原发性高血压LVH的相关性。方法对80例入选患者,均行心脏超声及上腹CT检查,计算得出V/S、BMI、WHR、WHtR和LVMI。应用统计学方法分析各参数与LVMI的关系。结果原发性高血压LVH组与非LVH组V/S、BMI、WHR和WHtR均有差异（P〈0.05）,LVH组显著高于非LVH组。行多元线性逐步回归,结果示V/S、WHtR、WHR和BMI与LVMI之间有线性回归关系,标准化回归系数分别为0.612（P=0.000）、0.269（P=0.001）、0.137（P=0.011）和0.102（P=0.042）。提示V/S、WHtR、WHR和BMI对LVMI均有影响,其中V/S对LVMI影响最大。结论原发性高血压患者在同样血压、年龄条件下,肥胖者LVMI增高。原发性高血压患者行腹部CT扫描计算V/S评价高血压LVH更优于BMI,WHtR和WHR等其他肥胖指标。V/S是影响高血压LVH的危险因素之一。     

2型糖尿病患者胰岛素治疗前后C反应蛋白水平的变化

目的观察2型糖尿病患者胰岛素治疗前后血清C反应蛋白（CRP）的变化。方法选取32例初诊的2型糖尿病患者给予胰岛素治疗8周，测定治疗前后血清CRP、血压、空腹血糖、血清胰岛素、血脂、体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、胰岛素分泌指数（Homa-β）和胰岛素敏感指数（Homa-IR），并进行比较。结果胰岛素治疗后血清CRP明显降低，血压、血糖、血清胰岛素、血脂明显改善（P〈0．05），BMI、WHR无明显改变。结论CRP在糖尿病患者明显增高，胰岛素治疗可降低2型糖尿病患者血清CRP水平，改善体内慢性炎症状态。     

2型糖尿病患者血浆内肥素水平的变化

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者血浆内肥素(visfatin)水平变化与体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、血糖、血浆胰岛素水平的关系.方法 采用酶联免疫法测定2型糖尿病(DM)患者和正常健康人空腹和糖负荷后2h血浆内肥素水平,并分析血浆内肥素与BMI、WHR、血糖、HbAlc、血浆胰岛素水平的关系.结果 ①2型DM患者空腹和糖负荷后2h血浆内肥素水平明显低于正常对照组.②相关性研究显示,血浆内肥素水平与WHR呈正相关,与糖负荷后2h血糖(2hPG)和HbAIc呈明显负相关.③多元线性回归分析表明WHR、HbAIc、空腹血糖(FPG)、2hPG是影响血浆内肥素水平的独立相关因素.结论 血浆内肥素水平与糖代谢状态有关,并在2型糖尿病和肥胖的发生和发展中起一定的作用.     

新疆生产建设兵团60699例成年居民身体质量指数与高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常患病率的相关分析

目的 探讨新疆生产建设兵团成年居民身体质量指数（BMI）与高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常患病率的关系。方法2019年8月至2020年7月采用多阶段整群抽样，以≥18岁新疆生产建设兵团常住居民为调查对象，采用方差分析、偏相关分析和logistic回归分析，研究BMI与高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常患病率的关系。结果 60 699例研究对象中高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常的患病率分别为28.65%(17 384/60 699),10.01%(6 074/60 699),28.32%(17 182/60 699);BMI分层中正常体质量占46.98%，超重占37.80%，肥胖占15.22%；不同BMI分层中病人的血压、血糖和血脂水平差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；相关性分析中BMI与收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）呈正相关（P<0.05），与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）呈负相关（P<0.05）；多因素logistic回归分析显示，超重组的高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常患病风险是正常组的2.07倍、2.02倍和1.88倍；肥胖组的高血压、糖尿病和血...     

糖尿病微血管并发症的临床观察

目的探讨糖尿病微血管并发症的临床特点。方法选取2012年1月～2013年1月本院收治的180例糖尿病患者,对微血管并发症的发生率,微血管并发症与BMI、血压、血糖、血胆固醇、三酰甘油之间的关系进行分析。结果 180例糖尿病患者中,有125例患者出现微血管并发症,发生率为69.44%,其中糖尿病视网膜病变65例,糖尿病肾病79例,同时患有糖尿病视网膜病变及糖尿病肾病患者为19例,经过积极有效治疗,均好转出院;无微血管并发症组与有微血管并发症组在BMI、血压、餐后2 h血糖、三酰甘油方面差异有统计学意义。结论糖尿病微血管并发症与肥胖、血糖、高血压、高血脂有密切的关系。     

高血压与胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症的关系

目的探讨本辖区非糖尿病居民中高血压与胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症的关系。方法 2005年4月至2006年7月,在石家庄桥东区医院内科对石家庄市义堂社区125名居民（除外糖尿病和糖耐量受损、继发性高血压及有严重肝肾功能损害者）进行研究检测,以标准法对所有受检者测量血压、身高、体重、腰围和臀围。根据血压分为正常血压组及高血压组。正常血压组：收缩压≤139 mmHg和舒张压≤89 mmHg。高血压组：收缩压≥140 mm Hg和（或）舒张压≥90 mmHg。血浆葡萄糖采用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定,血浆胰岛素采用放射免疫法测定,血脂各项采用酶标法自动生化分析仪测定。结果社区125名非糖尿病居民中,血压值与年龄、体重指数（BMI）、腰围、WHR、空腹胰岛素、血浆总胆固醇及三酰甘油呈正相关（P〈0.05）。结论胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症与高血压有着密切关系。减轻胰岛素抵抗,改善高胰岛素血症对治疗高血压有利。而降低体重,特别是减少腹部脂肪堆积对防治高血压尤为重要。     

Safety assessment of poloxamers 101, 105, 108, 122, 123, 124, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188, 212, 215, 217, 231, 234, 235, 237, 238, 282, 284, 288, 331, 333, 334, 335, 338, 401, 402, 403, and 407, poloxamer 105 benzoate, and poloxamer 182 dibenzoate as used in cosmetics

Poloxamers are polyoxyethlyene, polyoxypropylene block polymers. The impurities of commercial grade Poloxamer 188, as an example, include low-molecular-weight substances (aldehydes and both formic and acetic acids), as well as 1,4-dioxane and residual ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Most Poloxamers function in cosmetics as surfactants, emulsifying agents, cleansing agents, and/or solubilizing agents, and are used in 141 cosmetic products at concentrations from 0.005% to 20%. Poloxamers injected intravenously in animals are rapidly excreted in the urine, with some accumulation in lung, liver, brain, and kidney tissue. In humans, the plasma concentration of Poloxamer 188 (given intravenously) reached a maximum at 1 h, then reached a steady state. Poloxamers generally were ineffective in wound healing, but were effective in reducing postsurgical adhesions in several test systems. Poloxamers can cause hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in animals, but overall, they are relatively nontoxic to animals, with LD(50) values reported from 5 to 34.6 g/kg. Short-term intravenous doses up to 4 g/kg of Poloxamer 108 produced no change in body weights, but did result in diffuse hepatocellular vacuolization, renal tubular dilation in kidneys, and dose-dependent vacuolization of epithelial cells in the proximal convoluted tubules. A short-term inhalation toxicity study of Poloxamer 101 at 97 mg/m(3) identified slight alveolitis after 2 weeks of exposure, which subsided in the 2-week postexposure observation period. A short-term dermal toxicity study of Poloxamer 184 in rabbits at doses up to 1000 mg/kg produced slight erythema and slight intradermal inflammatory response on histological examination, but no dose-dependent body weight, hematology, blood chemistry, or organ weight changes. A 6-month feeding study in rats and dogs of Poloxamer 188 at exposures up to 5% in the diet produced no adverse effects. Likewise, Poloxamer 331 (tested up to 0.5 g/kg day(-1)), Poloxamer 235 (tested up to 1.0 g/kg day(-1)), and Poloxamer 338 (at 0.2 or 1.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced no adverse effects in dogs. Poloxamer 338 (at 5.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced slight transient diarrhea in dogs. Poloxamer 188 at levels up to 7.5% in diet given to rats in a 2-year feeding study produced diarrhea at 5% and 7.5% levels, a small decrease in growth at the 7.5% level, but no change in survival. Doses up to 0.5 mg/kg day(-1) for 2 years using rats produced yellow discoloration of the serum, high serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and elevated serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activities. Poloxamers are minimal ocular irritants, but are not dermal irritants or sensitizers in animals. Data on reproductive and developmental toxicity of Poloxamers were not found. An Ames test did not identify any mutagenic activity of Poloxamer 407, with or without metabolic activation. Several studies have suggested anticarcinogenic effects of Poloxamers. Poloxamers appear to increase the sensitivity to anticancer drugs of multidrug-resistant cancer cells. In clinical testing, Poloxamer 188 increased the hydration of feces when used in combination with a bulk laxative treatment. Compared to controls, one study of angioplasty patients receiving Poloxamer 188 found a reduced myocardial infarct size and a reduced incidence of reinfarction, with no evidence of toxicity, but two other studies found no effect. Poloxamer 188 given to patients suffering from sickle cell disease had decreased pain and decreased hospitilization, compared to controls. Clinical tests of dermal irritation and sensitization were uniformly negative. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel stressed that the cosmetic industry should continue to use the necessary purification procedures to keep the levels below established limits for ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and 1,4-dioxane. The Panel did note the absence of reproductive and developmental toxicity data, but, based on molecular weight and solubility, there should be little skin penetration and any penetration of the skin should be slow. Also, the available data demonstrate that Poloxamers that are introduced into the body via routes other than dermal exposure have a rapid clearance from the body, suggesting that there would be no risk of reproductive and/or developmental toxicity. Overall, the available data do not suggest any concern about carcinogenesis. Although there are gaps in knowledge about product use, the overall information available on the types of products in which these ingredients are used, and at what concentration, indicates a pattern of use. Based on these safety test data and the information that the manufacturing process can be controlled to limit unwanted impurities, the Panel concluded that these Poloxamers are safe as used.     

HPLC法测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱

目的 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱10种活性成分。方法 采用InerSustain AQ-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相A：乙腈–无水乙醇（80∶20）,流动相B：0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,检测波长220 nm,体积流量1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量10 μL。结果 木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱分别在2.69～134.50、1.95～97.50、0.63～31.50、0.86～43.00、11.95～597.50、0.59～29.50、6.08～304.00、4.85～242.50、1.66～83.00、19.79～989.50 μg/mL线性关系良好（r≥0.999 3）;平均回收率分别为99.11%、98.23%、96.95%、97.78%、100.02%、97.21%、99.66%、99.52%、98.81%、100.08%,RSD值分别为1.04%、1.23%、1.37%、1.65%、0.70%、1.28%、0.65%、0.81%、1.11%、0.63%。结论 建立的HPLC法可用于抗妇炎胶囊中10种活性成分的测定,作为抗妇炎胶囊质量控制方法。     

Arformoterol: (R,R)-eformoterol, (R,R)-formoterol, arformoterol tartrate, eformoterol-sepracor, formoterol-sepracor, R,R-eformoterol, R,R-formoterol

Sepracor in the US is developing arformoterol [R,R-formoterol], a single isomer form of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist formoterol [eformoterol]. This isomer contains two chiral centres and is being developed as an inhaled preparation for the treatment of respiratory disorders. Sepracor believes that arformoterol has the potential to be a once-daily therapy with a rapid onset of action and a duration of effect exceeding 12 hours. In 1995, Sepracor acquired New England Pharmaceuticals, a manufacturer of metered-dose and dry powder inhalers, for the purpose of preparing formulations of levosalbutamol and arformoterol. Phase II dose-ranging clinical studies of arformoterol as a longer-acting, complementary bronchodilator were completed successfully in the fourth quarter of 2000. Phase III trials of arformoterol began in September 2001. The indications for the drug appeared to be asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, an update of the pharmaceutical product information on the Sepracor website in September 2003 listed COPD maintenance therapy as the only indication for arformoterol. In October 2002, Sepracor stated that two pivotal phase III studies were ongoing in 1600 patients. Sepracor estimates that its NDA submission for arformoterol, which is projected for the first half of 2004, will include approximately 3000 adult subjects. Sepracor stated in July 2003 that it had completed more than 100 preclinical studies and initiated or completed 15 clinical studies for arformoterol inhalation solution for the treatment of bronchospasm in patients with COPD. In addition, Sepracor stated that the two pivotal phase III studies in 1600 patients were still progressing. In 1995, European patents were granted to Sepracor for the use of arformoterol in the treatment of asthma, and the US patent application was pending.     

欧洲刺柏（Juniper）

活性成分与药理作用欧洲刺柏药用部位是其浆果，具有促水排泄、防腐、抗胃肠胀气和抗风湿作用，还可改善胃功能。用作促水排泄药可增加尿量（水丢失），但不增加钠排泄。成分萜品烯-4-醇可增加肾小球滤过率，但刺激肾。欧洲刺柏浆果对单纯疱疹病毒体外显示抗病毒活性，并具抗真菌活性。动物实验显示，欧洲刺柏浆果提取物具有堕胎、抗生育、抗炎、抗胚胎植入、降血压、升血压和降血糖作用。欧洲刺柏浆果油具有兴奋子宫的活性，以及利尿、胃肠道抗菌和刺激作用，该油对平滑肌有阻止解痉作用。     

Oral Presentations (LDD, LPES, LNM, LPAT, LNT, LPPT, LPM)

Probiotic microorganisms have been shown to provide specific health benefits when consumed as food supplements or as food components. The main problem of such products is the poor survival of the probiotic bacteria in the low pH of gastric fluid. However the use of synthetic excipients for enteric coating to prevent the exposure of microorganisms to gastric fluid is limited in food supplementary industry. Therefore the aim of this study was to develop an enteric coating formulation containing shellac as a natural polymer. Shellac possesses good resistance to gastric juice; the major disadvantage of this polymer is its low solubility in the intestinal fluid [1, 2]. Thus films containing different ratios of shellac and water-soluble polymers (sodium alginate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP)) or plasticizers (glycerol and glyceryl triacetate (GTA)) were prepared in order to analyse the films’ melting temperatures (T_m), the changes in enthalpy (ΔH), their capability of taking up water, and their solubility in different media. The release characteristics of the films were studied by loading pellets with Enterococcus faecium M74 and coating them with formulations containing different amounts of shellac and polymer or plasticized shellac. Using dissolution tests, performed according to USP XXXI paddle method, the resistance of the coatings to simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and the release of cells in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 6.8) was investigated.The trials showed that an increasing amount of plasticizer results in a decrease of T_m and ΔH of the films whereat glycerol had a superior plasticization effect to GTA. The compatibility of films made of water-soluble polymers and shellac was also concentration dependent. HPMC and PVP showed superior compatibility with shellac compared to sodium alginate, since films containing shellac and more than 10% [w/w] sodium alginate tended to separate into two phases. In the end five formulations containing shellac and either 5% [w/w] glycerol, 10% [w/w] PVP, 20% [w/w] PVP, 10% [w/w] HPMC, or 5% [w/w] sodium alginate emerged as feasible for enteric coating purposes.