预备役部队卫生防疫技术训练之我见

预备役部队组建以来,各级对卫勤训练摸索了一些经验和方法,卫勤保障能力逐步得到提高。但从卫勤训练的整体现状看,卫勤训练水平、标准和组织能力还落后于现役部队;从卫勤训练的专业看,卫生防疫技术训练尤为明显,与现代高技术战争的卫勤保障要求相差甚远。造成这一原因:(1)预备役部队中的卫生力量均来源于地方各级医院,且从事卫生防疫工作的人员几乎为零,尽管他们     

旅团防疫人员现状和提高业务素质的对策

旅团防疫人员是部队卫生防疫工作的骨干力量,他们的素质直接关系到部队卫生防疫工作质量。但从目前情况看,旅团防疫人员的能力素质还不能完全满足部队防疫工作任务需求,除思想认识因素外,与缺少防疫技术训练,致使卫生防疫水平低不无关系。本文就旅团防疫人员现状和如何提高他们的素质进行探讨。     

边境地区部队卫生防疫防护存在的主要问题与对策

边境地区战场环境特殊，自然条件差，加之部队的训练任务重，要求高，部队卫生防疫工作面临较多的困难及问题。我们跟随部队参加军事训练，针对部队训练特点，就部队卫生防疫防护准备存在的问题与对策提出一些看法。     

装甲部队濒海训练卫生防疫工作体会

濒海训练是部队为适应海洋环境，克服各种海洋环境对作战部队的影响，提高部队海上作战能力的综合训练。为降低海上训练发病率，提高官兵健康水平，高标准做好部队海训期间的卫勤保障工作，每次训练我们都随队保障，实施防病治病。多年来，从未发生过传染病流行和食物中毒，无一例疾病减员。下面结合我部五年来卫勤保障工作实践，就濒海训练卫生防疫工作体会报告如下：     

军事演习卫生防疫保障措施探讨

军事演习是检阅部队综合素质的有效手段，而做好军事演习中的卫生防疫保障是保证“中心”工作的重要环节，为使各级卫生防疫人员更好地把握军事演习等大型军事行动的卫生防疫保障措施，我们针对军事演习的特点和卫生防疫保障难点，结合近几年参加不同规模军事演习的实践，对军事演习卫生防疫保障措施进行了总结，报告如下。     

预备役部队利用地方卫生资源加强卫勤建设探讨

预备役部队卫勤队伍是国防后备保障力量的重要组成部分,针对领导方式双重性、军民工作兼容性、官兵职务多样性等特点,如何发挥地方卫生资源优势,促进预备役部队卫勤保障能力提升和战斗力增长,是做好新世纪新阶段军事斗争卫勤保障准备的重要工作。1预备役部队卫勤工作的现状1.1人员分布广,管理难度比较大预备役部队编制体制不同于作战部队,卫勤保障人员主要从地方卫生行政部门和医疗机构挑选出来,组成卫勤保障分队[1]。根据卫勤保障需要,卫生人员一般来源于地方卫生行政部门、卫生防疫机构和医院等单位,根据行政、临床、医技等专业需要,又来…     

军区机关及直属部队卫生防病工作的做法

为了做好军区机关及直属部队的卫生防病工作,提高环境卫生质量和健康水平,我们主动适应新形势下卫生防疫保障要求,结合机关和直属部队的特点,以搞好服务保障为主线,以做好平时卫生防病工作为重点,注意发挥各级和各类人员的作用,扎扎实实抓好卫生防疫工作。机关营院多年来未发生过食物中毒,无肠道传染病暴发流行,部队昼夜发病率、传染病发病率及训练伤发生率等各项指标均控制在总部规定的指标以下,被总部评为全军首批“甲级卫生单位”,连续10年被北京市评为“卫生红旗先进单位”。我们的基本     

预备役部队演练中卫生防疫保障的难点及对策

不久前,我们参加了某预备役师合成技术训练演习时的卫生防疫保障工作,现就预备役部队演练中卫生防疫保障的难点和对策探讨如下:     

预备役集训部队卫生防疫保障的难点与做法

随着部队编制的调整和军事斗争准备的需要,近几年预备役部队的年度训练已从分散复训转为成建制集训和综合演练,训练的技术难度与紧张程度大大提高。为了确保预备役集训部队人员的身体健康,保障训(演)练任务的顺利完成,我们针对预备役部队卫生防病工作的重难点,提出了行之有效的综合卫生防疫保障措施,报告如下：     

新疆地区应急卫生防疫保障辅助决策系统研制

针对新疆地区军事作战行动、反恐维稳和突发公共事件处置等应急卫生防疫保障的需求,建立应急卫生防疫保障辅助决策系统,为卫生防疫机构管理者在应急状态下实施科学、准确、及时的卫勤组织指挥提供辅助决策依据。笔者从卫生防疫机构管理者的需求出发,基于Windows平台,运用SQL server、Visual Foxpro决策模型等技术,构建应急卫生防疫辅助决策系统。整个系统由1个应急卫生防疫保障基础数据库模块和检索查询、突发公共卫生事件处置、疫情预警和卫生防疫保障、专家知识库和系统维护等功能模块构成。基础数据库包含应急处置力量信息、疫情处置地域信息和类似事件处置经验信息以及各类卫生防疫标准等;各功能模块从应用的角度进行设计,能够为卫生防疫机构管理提供信息查询,智能判断、疫情预警、方案生成、专家咨询等功能,每个功能模块即可自成体系,又可互相连接,具有高效实用、可扩充、便于维护等特点。总之,该系统是卫勤管理者应对突发事件的组织指挥平台,有助于提高卫生防疫指挥者的决策质量和水平,增强新疆地区应急卫生防疫综合保障能力。     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Excretion and biotransformation of alfentanil and sufentanil in rats and dogs

The excretion and biotransformation of alfentanil (ALF) and sufentanil (SUF), two recent analogues of the synthetic opioid fentanyl, were studied after single iv administration of the tritium-labeled drugs in male rats and dogs. The drugs were almost completely metabolized in the two species, which resulted in a large number of metabolites. The excretion of the metabolites was rapid and exceeded 95% within 4 days, except for that of ALF metabolites in dogs (about 85%). For ALF, excretion of the radioactivity with the urine (73% in rats, about 76% in dogs) exceeded that with the feces. For SUF, excretion of the radioactivity with the urine amounted to 38 and 60% and that with the feces to 62 and 40%, in rats and dogs, respectively. Bile-cannulated rats excreted 68% with the bile within 24 hr after SUF dosing, and about 22% of this biliary radioactivity was subjected to enterohepatic circulation. After an ALF dose, the biliary excretion amounted to 24%, and the enterohepatic circulation was minimal. The main metabolic pathways of the two drugs were the oxidative N-dealkylation at the piperidine nitrogen and at the amide nitrogen, oxidative O-demethylation, aromatic hydroxylation, and the formation of ether glucuronides. N-[4-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide (M6) was the main metabolite of both ALF and SUF in rats. In dogs, the glucuronide of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide (M5) was the main metabolite of ALF. After SUF dosing in dogs, N-[4-(methoxymethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide was more abundant than M5.