脐血瘦素水平与胎儿宫内生长发育相关性研究

目的　探讨脐血瘦素来源及其在胎儿宫内发育成熟中作用。　方法　采用放免检测孕母外周静脉血与新生儿脐血瘦素水平 ,采用 Ponderal指数 [PI=10 0×体重 (g) /身长 (cm) 3]估测新生儿营养状态 ,采用 weststrate公式 [F% =0 .8848× SFT4 0 .0 2 2 ]估测新生儿体脂含量。　结果　 6 5例新生儿脐血瘦素水平 (x± s)为 (11± 4) ng/ ml,30例孕母外周血瘦素水平为 (2 0± 7) ng/ ml;脐血瘦素水平与孕母外周血瘦素水平无显著相关 (r=0 .11,P>0 .0 5 ) ,与胎盘重量、新生儿体脂含量 (% )显著相关 (分别为 0 .71、0 .2 8,P<0 .0 5 )。大于胎龄儿 (L GA)脐血瘦素水平显著高于适于胎龄儿 (P=0 .0 14) ;小于胎龄儿 (SGA)脐血瘦素水平显著低于适于胎龄儿 (P=0 .0 0 72 ) ;脐血瘦素水平与新生儿Ponderal指数 (PI)显著相关 (r=0 .6 2 4,P<0 .0 1)。　结论　脐血瘦素反映胎儿宫内生长状况 ;胎盘可能是脐血瘦素重要来源 ,胎盘瘦素可能对胎儿宫内生长发育有促进作用     

瘦素及瘦素受体与胎儿生长受限的关系

目的　探讨母血、脐血和胎盘瘦素及瘦素受体表达与胎儿生长发育的关系。　方法　采用ELISA法和逆转录定量聚合酶链反应检测 2 3例小于胎龄儿 (SGA)和 4 4例适于胎龄儿 (AGA)母血、脐血瘦素和可溶性瘦素受体 (sOB R)浓度 ,胎盘组织瘦素mRNA和瘦素受体 (OB R)mRNA表达水平。　结果　SGA组和AGA组母血瘦素浓度分别为 (33.80± 14 .0 5 ) μg/L和 (2 7.0 1± 14 .81)μg/L(P =0 .0 89) ;母血sOB R浓度分别为 (2 5 .5 6± 10 .78) μg/L和 (2 6 .6 1± 9.6 9) μg/L(P =0 .70 1) ;脐血瘦素浓度分别为 (6 .79± 4 .5 9) μg/L和 (16 .30± 11.6 1) μg/L(P =0 .0 0 0 ) ;脐血sOB R浓度分别为 (18.2 4± 6 .0 2 ) μg/L和 (13.80± 4 .39) μg/L(P =0 .0 0 2 ) ;胎盘组织瘦素mRNA表达分别为 0 .77±0 .13和 0 .99± 0 .2 9(P =0 .0 0 2 ) ;OB RmRNA表达分别为 0 .5 6± 0 .2 1和 1.0 7± 0 .2 7(P =0 .0 0 0 )。脐血瘦素、胎盘瘦素和OB RmRNA表达水平分别与新生儿体重、身高、体脂、头围呈正相关 ,脐血sOB R分别与上述新生儿指标呈负相关。　结论　脐血瘦素浓度降低和胎盘瘦素、OB R受体表达低下与胎儿生长受限密切相关 ,脐血瘦素可能通过与不同剪接体的受体结合实现对胎儿生长发育的调控作用。     

胎盘肥胖基因表达与胎儿宫内生长发育相关性研究

目的　探讨胎盘肥胖基因表达与脐血瘦素水平和胎儿宫内生长发育的关系。　方法　采用逆转录定量聚合酶链反应 (RT- PCR)检测 40例胎盘肥胖基因 m RNA相对表达水平 ,采用放射免疫法检测脐血肥胖基因蛋白 (瘦素 )水平 ,采用 Ponderal指数 [PI=10 0×体重 (g) /身长 (cm) 3 ]估测新生儿营养状态。　结果　胎盘组织肥胖基因呈现高效表达 ,表达水平与孕母脂肪组织肥胖基因表达水平相似 ;13例小于胎龄儿胎盘组织瘦素 - m RNA相对表达水平为 0 .44 9± 0 .0 2 6 ,显著低于 15例适于胎龄儿的表达水平 [0 .487± 0 .0 42 (P<0 .0 5 ) ];12例大于胎龄儿胎盘组织瘦素 - m RNA相对表达水平为 0 .5 2 5± 0 .0 2 9,显著高于适于胎龄儿 (P<0 .0 5 )。胎盘肥胖基因 m RNA相对表达水平与脐血瘦素水平显著相关 (r=0 .6 1,P<0 .0 5 ) ,与新生儿出生体重和 Ponderal指数显著相关 (r=0 .6 0和0 .5 6 ,P<0 .0 5 )。　结论　胎盘是脐血瘦素重要来源 ,胎盘瘦素可能对胎儿宫内生长发育有促进作用     

胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ、视黄醇结合蛋白和前白蛋白在新生儿营养评价中的意义

目的寻找新生儿营养评价的生化指标。方法以放射免疫分析试验测定血清胰岛素样生长因子I（IGF-Ⅰ）、以酶联免疫吸附试验测定视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）和前白蛋白（PA），分别按营养状况、小于胎龄儿（SGA）和适于胎龄儿（AGA）进行分组比较。结果24例营养不良SGA的IGF-Ⅰ、RBP和PA的水平分别为(80±14)μg/L、(21±7)μg/L和(35±24)mg/L，显著低于25例营养正常SGA的(95±28)μg/L、(29±14)mg/L和(65±34)mg/L（P<0.05～0.001）；19例营养不良AGA相应的(81±17)μg/L、(25±12)mg/L和(107±17)mg/L也显著低于16例营养正常AGA的(100±32)μg/L、(32±8)mg/L和(198±68)mg/L(P<0.05～0.001)。结论IGF-Ⅰ、RBP和PA可作为新生儿营养评价的生化指标，其敏感性高、不受胎龄和日龄影响，便于疗效评价，是诊断营养不良时形态指标无法代替的。两类指标联合应用才能使诊断更完善。     

瘦素水平与胎儿生长发育的关系研究

目的 :研究母血、脐血和羊水中的瘦素水平与胎儿生长发育的关系 ,探讨瘦素检测的临床价值。方法 :选择5 2例正常产妇 ,根据其新生儿出生体重分为 :大于胎龄儿 14例 ,适于胎龄儿 2 1例 ,小于胎龄儿 17例。采用放射免疫法检测母血、脐血、羊水中的瘦素水平 ,分析瘦素与胎盘重量、新生儿体重、新生儿Ponderal指数 (PI)、孕妇体重、孕妇体重指数 (BMI)、胎儿性别的关系。结果 :①孕妇血清瘦素水平与孕妇体重和体重指数呈正相关。孕妇血清瘦素水平与胎盘重量、新生儿体重、脐血瘦素水平无明显相关性。②大于胎龄儿的脐血瘦素水平高于适于胎龄儿 ,适于胎龄儿又高于小于胎龄儿 ,脐血瘦素水平与新生儿体重、新生儿Ponderal指数、胎盘重量呈正相关。③大于胎龄儿的羊水瘦素水平高于适于胎龄儿 ,适于胎龄儿又高于小于胎龄儿。羊水瘦素水平与新生儿体重、新生儿Ponderal指数、胎盘重量呈正相关。④男婴和女婴脐血和羊水瘦素水平无明显差异。结论 :检测脐血或羊水瘦素水平可以判断胎儿宫内生长发育状况。     

糖代谢异常孕妇脐血血脂与新生儿体质指数的关系

目的 探讨在血糖控制良好的糖代谢异常的孕妇中,脐血血脂与新生儿体质指数的关系. 方法 收集2006年11月至2007年2月住院分娩的孕妇150例,其中糖代谢异常(包括妊娠期糖尿病和妊娠期糖代谢异常)且血糖控制良好的孕妇73例,糖耐量正常的孕妇77例,其新生儿分为大于胎龄儿(large for gestational age,LGA)25例和适于胎龄儿(appropriate forgestational age,AGA)125例两组.分析两组新生儿的体质指数、脐血血脂[包括高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholestrol,TC)]等指标,并对上述指标进行比较和相关、回归分析. 结果 脐血HDL、LDL、TC水平在两组间无差异,脐血TG水平LGA组高于AGA组[(0.23±0.16)mmol/L和(0.14±0.08)mmol/L,P＜0.05].在糖代谢异常孕妇的新生儿中,LGA儿的出生体重与脐血TG水平正相关(r=0.625,P＜0.05),与脐血HDL、LDL、TC不相关.在糖耐量正常孕妇的新生儿中,LGA儿的体质指数与脐血血脂指标均不相关.分娩LGA儿的危险因素为:孕期增重≥18 kg,脐血TG＞0.11 mmol/L. 结论 血脂代谢与新生儿体质指数密切相关;脐血TG可能参与了精代谢异常孕妇分娩LGA的发病机制;脐血TG＞0.11 mmol/L时更容易发生LGA.     

孕鼠营养异常对子鼠成年后激素抵抗影响的实验研究

目的 探讨孕鼠营养异常对子鼠成年后胰岛素、瘦素抵抗的影响。方法 36只孕鼠随机分成低蛋白组（低蛋白饲料喂养）、高营养组（高营养饲料喂养）及正常营养组（普通饲料喂养），每组12只，各组孕鼠均足月自然分娩。正常营养组子鼠为正常体重组，低蛋白组子鼠体重小于孕龄（SGA）为SGA组（体重小于正常体重组子鼠平均体重2s以下），高营养组子鼠体重大于孕龄（LGA）为LGA组（体重高于正常营养组子鼠平均体重2s以上），每组子鼠36只。于子鼠出生后4周、12周龄时采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定其胰岛素、瘦素水平及胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）。结果 （1）低蛋白组子鼠体重明显低于正常体重组（P〈0．01），69％的子鼠为SGA。高营养组子鼠体重明显高于正常体重组（P〈0．01），38％的子鼠为LGA。（2）子鼠出生4周时，SGA组子鼠与正常体重组比较，体重已无显著差异，肾脏周围脂肪重量（FW）、Fw与体重（BW）比值分别为（0．36±0．14）g．6．5±0．3，显著高于正常体重组的（0．19±0．13）g,3．4±0．3（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）；LGA组子鼠FW／BW比值与正常体重组比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。子鼠出生12周时，SGA组子鼠体重为（222±19）g，LGA组子鼠体重为（257±24）g，均明显高于正常体重组的（215±25）g（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。SGA组子鼠FW／BW比值为10．5±5．1，LGA组子鼠为11．8±3．6，均明显高于正常体重组的7．2±3．6（P〈0．01）。（3）SGA组子鼠在出生4周时，胰岛素、瘦素水平分别为（5．5±0．9）μg/L、（6．1±0．7）μg／L，ISI为3．4±0．3，与正常体重组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；出生12周时，胰岛素、瘦素水平及ISI的变化与正常体重组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。LGA组子鼠在出生4周时，胰岛素、瘦素水平及ISI分别为（4．0±1．0）μg／L、（5．0±0．3）μg／L及4．1±0．5，与正常体重组比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；出生12周时的胰岛素、瘦素水平及ISI与正常体重组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 孕鼠营养异常将导致子鼠出生体重异常，体重异常子鼠在成年后可发生腹型肥胖以及胰岛素、瘦素抵抗。     

胰岛素样生长因子与胎儿出生体质量的关系

目的:探讨孕妇和新生儿血清胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、IGF-Ⅱ、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白1(IGFBP-1)、IGFBP-3与胎儿出生体质量的关系,探究胎儿生长发育的影响因子。方法:选择2012年1月—2013年2月杭州市第一人民医院住院分娩的孕妇230例,根据胎儿出生体质量与胎龄关系的分类诊断标准将胎儿出生体质量水平分为3组:小于胎龄儿(SGA)组15例,适于胎龄儿(AGA)组162例,大于胎龄儿(LGA)组53例。采用酶联免疫吸附法集中测定孕妇血清、新生儿脐血血清胰岛素、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ、IGFBP-1和IGFBP-3水平。结果:3组孕妇血清和新生儿脐血血清胰岛素、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ、IGFBP-3水平差异有统计学意义(均P0.001),LGA组大于AGA组,AGA组大于SGA组(均P0.01),母血血清IGF-Ⅱ和脐血血清胰岛素、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ水平为胎儿出生体质量水平的影响因素。结论:母血血清IGF-Ⅱ和脐血血清胰岛素、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ可能是影响胎儿生长发育的关键因子。     

妊娠妇女及新生儿脐血瘦素水平与体重,胰岛素,C—肽,胰岛 …

目的　探讨妊娠晚期妇女及新生儿脐血瘦素水平与孕妇体重及新生儿体重的关系 ,以及新生儿脐血瘦素水平与C 肽、胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子 Ⅱ (IGF Ⅱ )等的关系。方法　采用放射免疫法测定 5 0例孕 37～ 38周正常妊娠妇女 (研究组 )及其新生儿、2 9例健康未妊娠妇女 (对照组 )的血瘦素水平 ,并同时测定新生儿脐血C 肽、胰岛素、IGF Ⅱ的水平等。结果　 (1)妊娠晚期妇女血瘦素水平为 (13.6 2± 3.6 8) μg/L ,明显高于对照组妇女的 (6 .6 0± 3.0 4) μg/L及新生儿脐血瘦素的 (8.0 5± 4.6 1) μg/L。 (2 )妊娠晚期妇女血瘦素水平与本身体重及体重指数明显相关 (r分别为 0 .33、0 .35 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;妊娠晚期妇女血瘦素水平与新生儿体重无明显相关 (r=0 .10 ,P >0 .0 5 )。 (3)新生儿脐血瘦素水平与其体重、体重指数明显相关 (r分别为 0 .5 4、0 .49,P <0 .0 0 1) ;而与妊娠晚期妇女血瘦素水平无明显相关 (r=0 .19,P >0 .0 5 )。 (4 )对照组妇女血瘦素水平与其体重、体重指数明显正相关 (r分别为 0 .72、0 .78,P <0 .0 0 1)。 (5 )新生儿脐血C 肽为 (0 .86± 0 .35 ) μg/L ,胰岛素为 (8.49± 4.76 )mU/L ,IGF Ⅱ为 (0 .2 18± 0 .0 76 ) μg/L ;新生儿脐血瘦素水平与C 肽明显相关 (r=0 .37,P <0 .0 5 )     

胰岛素样生长因子1和胰岛素促胎儿生长作用探讨

胰岛素等是调节胎儿生长的重要激素 ,近来胰岛素样生长因子对胎儿的促生长作用愈来愈受到重视 [1 ,2 ] 。本研究通过对 6 4例新生儿脐血清胰岛素样生长因子 1(IGF- 1)和胰岛素的检测 ,探讨 IGF-1和胰岛素在胎儿生长中的作用 ,分析影响 IGF- 1水平的相关因素。一、对象和方法1.研究对象 :6 4例新生儿 ,男 2 5例 ,女 39例 ,胎龄 2 9～ 42周 ,体重 130 0～410 0 g。适于胎龄 (AGA)儿 43例 ,小于胎龄 (SGA)儿 15例 ,大于胎龄 (L GA)儿 6例。2 .方法 :新生儿出生时采集脐血 4ml,测量胎盘重量、新生儿体重 ,身长和孕母身高。采用放免法测…     

Comparison of umbilical blood gas and acid-base status of small-for-date and normal Chinese newborns.

A prospective study of umbilical arterial blood gas in appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) babies was performed at our hospital from August 1989 to July 1990. A total of of 512 cases were included, 432 cases in the AGA group and 80 cases in the SGA group, with gestational ages ranging from 26 to 42 weeks. Umbilical arterial blood was collected immediately after delivery of the newborns. Comparisons of maternal age, gestational age, birth body weight and body length of infants. Apgar scores at one minute and five minutes, cord arterial blood pH, pO2, pCO2, base excess, bicarbonate, total CO2, O2 saturation and O2 content between the AGA and SGA groups were taken into account. Our results demonstrated significant differences in birth body weight, birth body length, Apgar scores at one minute and five minutes and gestational age in the SGA group compared with those in the AGA group. The parameters of cord arterial blood gas were not correlated with gestational age in either group. The mean pH value in the AGA group (7.30 +/- 0.05) was higher than that in the SGA group (7.28 +/- 0.08). The same trend of difference was also noted between the AGA (7.30 +/- 0.04) and SGA (7.27 +/- 0.07) babies who were delivered by Cesarean section (p < 0.05). The latter results imply a more academic state in SGA babies which is independent of labor. Prepartum asphyxia plays an important role in determining the prognosis of SGA babies. We suggest routine umbilical cord blood gas and acid-base analysis at delivery to assess fetal asphyxia.     

The association of birthweight with maternal and cord serum and amniotic fluid growth hormone and insulin levels, and with neonatal and maternal factors in pregnant women who delivered at term

AIM: To investigate the influence of maternal and cord serum and amniotic fluid growth hormone (GH) and insulin and other neonatal and maternal factors on birthweight. METHODS: A total of 160 pregnant women at 38-42 weeks' gestation were studied. All infants were categorized as small for gestational age (SGA) (n = 50), large for gestational age (LGA) (n = 50) or average for gestational age (AGA) (n = 60). GH and insulin levels were measured in maternal and cord serum and amniotic fluid at birth. RESULTS: GH levels in maternal and cord serum and amniotic fluid showed no differences among the three weight groups (P > 0.05). The cord insulin level was significantly lower in SGA (P < 0.01). The insulin level in venous cord blood correlated with birth and placental weights and neonatal height, whereas maternal serum and amniotic fluid insulin levels, and maternal and cord serum and amniotic fluid GH levels did not show any correlation with birthweight. The cord GH level at birth was correlated with GH levels after 4 postnatal weeks in the SGA group (P < 0.01). In addition, birthweight showed a correlation with prepartum maternal weight, maternal weight gain, maternal height, neonatal length and placental weight in all three weight groups. CONCLUSIONS: Cord GH, maternal serum and amniotic fluid GH and insulin levels did not correlate with birthweight in all three weight groups. The lack of correlation for GH levels in maternal and cord serum and amniotic fluid suggests that these compartments may be non-communicating separate units.     

胰岛素样生长因子—I与胎儿出生体重的关系

目的 了解胰岛素生长因子－Ｉ（ＩＧＦ－Ｉ）在胎儿生长发育中所起的作用,方法 选择１７１例产妇及其所分娩的新生儿１６４例,根据出生体重将新生儿分为大于胎龄儿（ＬＧＡ）组,产妇７７例,新生儿６４例,适于胎龄儿（ＡＧＡ）组：产妇５９例,新生儿５９例;小儿胎龄儿（ＳＧＡ）组：产妇３５例,新生儿４３例,用放射免疫法测定血清中ＩＧＦ－Ｉ的浓度。结果 母血中ＩＧＦ－Ｉ浓度均高于脐血,两者间存在浓度梯度（Ｐ〈０．     

Stillbirths and neonatal deaths in appropriate, small and large birthweight for gestational age fetuses

AIMS: To compare the risk of stillbirth and neonatal death in small-for-gestational-age (SGA), appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) fetuses and neonates. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of 662 043 births and outcomes recorded in the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection Unit (1992-2002). INCLUSION CRITERIA: Births in Victoria in 1992-2002. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Multiple pregnancy and congenital birth defects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Births, stillbirths and neonatal deaths at each week of gestation after 23 weeks were stratified by birthweight into appropriate, small and large for gestational age. Stillbirth risk per 1000 ongoing pregnancies and neonatal death rate per 1000 live births were calculated. RESULTS: For the AGA group, the overall stillbirth risk was 2.88 per 1000 and neonatal death rate was 1.35 per 1000. In the LGA group, these were 2.62 and 1.83 per 1000, respectively. The slight increase in neonatal death rate among LGA fetuses was confined to those delivered after 28 weeks gestation. In the SGA group, the stillbirth risk and neonatal death rate were 15.1 and 3.99 per 1000, respectively. CONCLUSION: The risk of stillbirth per week of gestational age and neonatal death rates do not differ significantly between AGA and LGA fetuses and neonates. The SGA fetus is at significantly greater risk of both stillbirth and neonatal death, particularly with advancing gestational age.     

The relationship among intrauterine growth, insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-binding protein-3, and bone mineral status in newborn infants

Insulinlike growth factors (IGFs) exert profound effects on somatic growth and cellular proliferation of many tissues and play an essential role in bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate how fetal growth and bone mineralization correlate with IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels of newborn infants and their mothers. In addition, we aimed to determine the predictive value of anthropometric measurements on variability in bone mineral status. Umbilical cord venous blood samples were obtained at delivery from 100 term newborn infants. Forty of the newborn infants had birthweights appropriate for gestational age (AGA), 30 were small for gestational age (SGA), and 30 were large for gestational age (LGA). Data were acquired using whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner with a pediatric platform. Umbilical cord serum IGF-I concentrations were higher in LGA newborns ( P < 0.01), but lower in SGA newborns ( P < 0.01) than in AGA newborns. Umbilical cord serum IGFBP-3 concentrations in LGA newborns were significantly greater than in SGA and AGA newborns ( P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). Whole-body bone mineral density (WB BMD) was higher in LGA babies (0.442 +/- 0.025 g/cm2 [SD]; P < 0.01) but lower in SGA (0.381 +/- 0.027 g/cm 2; P < 0.0001) than in AGA babies (0.426 +/- 0.022 g/cm2). WB BMD and content (WB BMC) were correlated significantly with birthweight, birth height, head circumference, body mass index (BMI) of the infants; ponderal index and triceps skinfold thickness (reflecting fat stores) of the infants; cord serum IGF-I concentration, serum IGF-I concentration of the mothers; and fat mass, proportionate fat mass, weight, and BMI of the mothers. In contrast, WB BMC was also correlated positively with cord serum IGFBP-3 concentration and gestational age, and WB BMD was positively correlated with serum IGFBP-3 levels of the mothers. Umbilical cord serum IGF-I concentration of the infants was correlated significantly with the concentration of the mothers ( R = 0.232; P = 0.020). Umbilical cord serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations were correlated significantly with the fat mass, gestational age, birthweight, birth height, head circumference, and BMI of the infants. Umbilical cord IGF-I concentration was also correlated with ponderal index and triceps skinfold thickness of the infants, maternal weight, BMI, and proportionate fat mass of the infants. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed no significant relation between bone indices (WB BMD, WB BMC) and the infant's or mother's variations including serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations. Birthweight and gestational age are related to bone indices. However, the present study does not provide support for the hypothesis that serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels of infants and their mothers may play a major role in the regulation of bone metabolism in the developing skeleton.     

Pregnancy-induced hypertension and infant mortality: Roles of birthweight centiles and gestational age

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) on infant mortality in different birthweight centiles (small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age [AGA], and large for gestational age [LGA]) and gestational ages (early preterm, late preterm, and full term). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Linked birth and infant death data set of USA between 1995 and 2000. POPULATION: A total of 17 464 560 eligible liveborn singleton births delivered after 20th gestational week. METHODS: Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between PIH and infant mortality, with adjustment of potential confounders stratified by birthweight centiles and gestational age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Infant death (0-364 days) and its three components: early neonatal death (0-6 days), late neonatal death (7-27 days), and postneonatal death (28-364 days). RESULTS: PIH was associated with decreased risks of infant mortality, early neonatal mortality, and late neonatal mortality in both preterm and term SGA births, and PIH was associated with lower postneonatal mortality in preterm SGA births. PIH was associated with decreased risks of infant mortality, early neonatal mortality, late neonatal mortality and postneonatal mortality in preterm AGA births. Decreased risk of infant mortality and early neonatal mortality was associated with PIH in early preterm LGA births. CONCLUSIONS: The association between PIH and infant mortality varies depending on different birthweight centiles, gestational age, and age at death. PIH is associated with a decreased risk of infant mortality in SGA births, preterm AGA births, and early preterm LGA births.     

Lactate production as a response to intrapartum hypoxia in the growth-restricted fetus

Please cite this paper as: Holzmann M, Cnattingius S, Nordstr?m L. Lactate production as a response to intrapartum hypoxia in the growth-restricted fetus. BJOG 2012;119:1265-1269. Objective To analyse whether the increase in lactate in response to intrapartum hypoxia differs between small- (SGA), appropriate- (AGA) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) fetuses. Design Observational cohort study. Setting Ten obstetric units in Sweden. Population A cohort of 1496 women. Methods A secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial, in which 1496 women with fetal heart rate abnormalities, indicating fetal scalp blood sampling, were randomised to lactate analyses. After delivery, the neonates were divided according to birthweight for gestational age into SGA, AGA and LGA groups. Main outcome measure Lactate concentration in fetal scalp blood. Secondary outcome measures Acid-base balance in cord artery blood and Apgar score <7 at 5?minutes. Results Median lactate concentrations in the SGA, AGA and LGA groups were 3.8, 3.0 and 2.2?mmol/l, respectively (SGA versus AGA, P?=?0.017; LGA versus AGA, P?=?0.009). In the subgroups with scalp lactate >4.8?mmol/l (lactacidaemia), the corresponding median (range) values were 6.2 (4.9-14.6), 5.9 (4.9-15.9) and 5.7?mmol/l (5.0-7.9?mmol/l), respectively (no significant differences between the groups). The proportions of neonates with cord artery pH?相似文献   

妊娠期糖尿病母儿血清瘦素水平和胎盘瘦素表达及其与胰岛素的关系

目的 :探讨妊娠期糖尿病母儿瘦素水平变化和胎盘瘦素mRNA表达 ,以及与胰岛素的关系。方法 :1999年 10月至 2 0 0 2年 2月 ,采用放射免疫法检测 18例妊娠期糖尿病孕妇 (观察组 )、2 0例正常孕妇 (对照组 )母儿血胰岛素和瘦素水平。采用逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)和荧光定量分析法检测胎盘瘦素mRNA表达水平。结果 :观察组母血胰岛素、母血瘦素、脐血胰岛素、脐血瘦素和胎盘组织mRNA表达水平高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,观察组母血瘦素与母血胰岛素水平与新生儿体重正相关 (r =0 .5 0 ,0 .4 8;P <0 .0 5 ) ,脐血瘦素和胰岛素水平与胎盘瘦素mRNA表达水平正相关 (r =0 .5 1,0 .5 3;P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :妊娠期糖尿病母儿同时存在高瘦素血症和高胰岛素血症 ,高胰岛素血症上调胎盘组织瘦素mRNA的表达 ,与巨大儿发生有关。