Effect of the tranquilizer mebicar on lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation on the model of hypokinesia in rats

Daily 18-hour hypokinesia induces atherogenic shifts in the blood lipid spectrum and activates lipid peroxidation in rats. Mebicar is shown to have a correcting effect on lipid metabolism and on the intensity of lipid peroxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 5, pp. 535–537, May, 1996     

Relationship between the functional status of neutrophils and the intensity of peroxidation in the lungs in chronic bronchitis and ischemic heart disease

A relationship between the oxygen metabolism of circulating neutrophils and the intensity of lipid peroxidation in exhaled air condensate was studied in chronic bronchitis, ischemic heart disease, and in their combination. An increase in the functional reserve of neutrophils caused by ischemic heart disease promotes the realization of the bio-oxidant potential of these cells in the bronchoalveolar system and intensifies local processes of lipid peroxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 10, pp. 452–454, October, 1998     

Participation of cholesterol in hypochlorite-induced oxidation of cholesterol-phosphatidylcholine liposomes

The effect of cholesterol on hypochlorite-induced lipid peroxidation is studied in cholesterol-phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Cholesterol is shown to promote the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in the presence of 0.1–3 mM hypochlorite anion in the incubation medium. The content of 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive products is maximal at a cholesterol: phosphatidylcholine molar ratio of 1∶1. On the other hand, in the presence of low hypochlorite concentrations (10–100 μM) cholesterol is found to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 5, pp. 516–519, May, 1996     

Free-radical oxidation during experimental pneumonia

Lipid peroxidation in the lungs and plasma of albino rats was studied under normal conditions and during experimental pneumonia. In intact rats the content of lipid peroxidation products and the rate of their accumulation in lung homogenate is lower than in homogenates of other organs. Bivalent iron ions added to blood plasma did not induce chemiluminescence characteristic of lipid peroxidation. Experimental pneumonia intensifies production of active oxygen forms by alveolar macrophages and blood neutrophils and increases the content of lipid peroxidation products in lung homogenate. Combined application of antibiotics and antioxidant (vitamin E) during experimental pneumonia promotes normalization of free-radical oxidation and diminishes morphological alterations in the lungs. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Medistiny, Vol. 129, No. 3, pp. 260–264, March, 2000     

Chemiluminescence study of the contents of the products of Cu2+-induced lipid peroxidation in different fractions of human blood lipoproteins

It is demonstrated that the content of the primary products of lipid peroxidation reaches the maximum after about 1-h incubation with Cu²⁺ and then declines. At a Cu²⁺ concentration of about 10–15 μM, the content of lipid peroxidation products is maximal; it does not rise with a further increase in the Cu²⁺ concentration. Comparison of the kinetics of lipid peroxidation in different lipoprotein fractions shows that low density lipoproteins are much more strongly oxidized than high density lipoproteins. A strong positive correlation between the amplitude of the chemiluminescence burst and the diene conjugate content is established in 79 independent measurements. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 144–148, February, 1995     

Adaptation to periodic hypoxia and a diet supplemented with polyunsaturated class ω-3 fatty acids enhance the resistance of Ca2+ transport in the myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum to free-radical oxidation

The relationship between the level of accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and the status of the Ca²⁺-transporting system in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the rat myocardium is studied against the background of two cardioprotective factors, namely adaptation to periodic hypoxia and a diet enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 class. It is shown that the diet leads to an increase of level of lipid peroxidation products by 1.8 times in the heart and by 19 times in the liver, whereas a adaptation has no effect on the level of lipid peroxidation products in either of these organs. At the same time, the combined action of both factors considerably enhances the resistance of the myocardial Ca²⁺-transporting system to free radical-induced oxidation. Inin vitro experiments it is shown that adaptation to periodic hypoxia results in a more than twofold deceleration of Ca²⁺ transport inhibition during the oxidation induction by the Fe²⁺/ascorbate system; the diet causes a 3.5-fold deceleration of such inhibition. The results show that the accumulation of a high level of lipid peroxidation products is not always followed by damage to the Ca²⁺-transporting system in the myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 7, pp. 42–45, July, 1995 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Comparison of lipid peroxidation parameters in the heart,liver, and brain of rats with different degrees of resistance to hypoxia

The relationship between the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the antioxidant system in the heart, liver, and brain is studied in male Wistar rats with low and high resistance to hypoxia tested by being “raised” to an altitude of 11.5 km and in intact outbred rats. It is found that in all groups of rats the content of lipid peroxidation products is highest in the liver, lower in the heart, and lowest in the brain. In all groups, the rate of the ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation is highest in the brain, lower in the liver, and lowest in the heart. The activity of the antioxidant system is highest in the brain, lower in the liver, and lowest in the heart of low-resistance and outbred rats, while in high-resistance rats it is the same in all the organs. Thus, the difference in the parameters of lipid peroxidation and, particularly, of the antioxidant system in the studied organs is most pronounced in rats with a low resistance to hypoxia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 138–143, February, 1996 Presented by A. I. Archakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Two mechanisms of progesterone action on the skin (Results of biochemical analysis)

Effects of progesterone on functional activity of lysosomes and lipid peroxidation are measured in the skin of rats in relation to its dose, duration of exposure to it, and skin tissue type (epidermis and dermis). This hormone is shown to regulate both lipid peroxidation intensity and lysosomal activity. It is concluded that these two affects represent two mechanisms through which progesterone exerts its anti-inflammatory effect on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 8, pp. 173–176, August, 1996     

Antenatal effects of ethanol and limontar on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant defense system in the brain and liver of rat progeny

In contrast to short-term exposure, prolonged exposure to ethanol in the anternatal period is found to inhibit lipid peroxidation in the brain and liver of rats. Activation of the system of antioxidant defense in the brain and liver is observed after both short-and long-term exposure to ethanol. After short-term ethanol exposure, limontar normalizes lipid peroxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noii Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 41–44, January, 1994 Presented by M. Ya. Studenikin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Lipid peroxidation in the brain of rats differing in resistance to emotional stress

It is found for each of the rat brain regions studied (cerebral cortex, subjacent white substance, and brainstem) that both the initial levels of 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive products and the rates of their increment are highest in rats resistant to emotional stress and lowest in stress-prone rats, and that the rates at which lipid peroxidation products accumulate are highest in the brainstem and lowest in the white substance. A correlation is presumed to exist between individual resistance to cerebral ischemia and the rate of lipid peroxidation in particular brain regions of healthy rats. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, № 10, pp. 384–387, October, 1994     

Effects of sex hormones on plasma lipid peroxidationin vitro

The effects of sex steroid hormones on the level of plasma lipid peroxidation are studiedin vitro. Estradiol shows pronounced antioxidative activity; progesterone and testosterone slightly suppress lipid peroxidation only when used in high concentrations. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 7, pp. 73–76, July, 1997     

Changes in the serum antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation under the influence of asbestos

The iron content, the state of the serum antioxidant system, and their relationship with the changes in lipid peroxidation in rat liver and lungs at the early stages of chrysotile-asbestos action, and the effect of the naturally occurring flavonoid rutin are studied. Intensification of lipid peroxidation in the liver and lungs and an increase in the oxyproline content, which correlates with the rise in serum antioxidant activity, are observed four weeks after a single intratracheal administration of 50 mg asbestos. The total serum iron content remains unchanged. Rutin has a pronounced anti-asbestos effect, inhibits the early stages of fibrosis, and facilitates normalization of the antioxidant system imbalance induced by asbestos. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8 pp. 145–147, August, 1994     

Effect of ozone on lipid peroxidation in rat hearts isolated against the background of clinical death

Clinical death of outbred albino rats ensues after rapid blood loss due to a cut in the coronary coronary artery. Five minutes later, the isolated heart is perfused with ozonized Krebs-Henseleit solution. The activity of the antioxidant system in the heart is increased compared with that during routine oxygenation. The intensity of lipid peroxidation assessed by the intensity of chemiluminescence and the amount of lipid peroxidation products is significantly decreased during ozonization. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, № 2, pp. 161–163, February, 1996 Presented by B. A. Korolev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical sciences     

Lipid peroxidation parameters in the internal organs of rats with different degrees of resistance to hypoxia

Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system of the heart, liver, and brain are studied in adult male Wistar rats with high and low resistance to hypoxia tested by “raising” to an altitude of 11.5 km and in intact outbred rats. These parameters are found to be the same in the brain of low- and high-resistance rats, while the brain content of lipid peroxidation products is higher in both groups of Wistar rats compared with outbred rats. The heart and liver parameters are coupled to the resistance to hypoxia. Antioxidant activity prevails over lipid peroxidation in the hearts and livers of high-resistance rats, confirming that oxidation plays a major role in the damaging and lethal effects of acute hypoxia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 1, pp 26–29, January, 1996 Presented by A. I. Archakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of pH and glutathione on lipid peroxidation in tocopherol-enriched liposomes

Tocopherol-enriched liver microsomes are more resistant to lipid peroxidation at an alkaline pH of 8.5 in comparison with microsomes incubated at pH 7.5. An alkaline pH provides conditions for two-electron oxidation of tocopherol, which causes the lipid molecule to revert to the initial state (O₂/H exchange). A possible mechanism of inhibition of lipid peroxidation within the physiological range of pH with participation of a glutathione-dependent enzyme is discussed. Translated fromByullenten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 268–270, September, 1995 Presented by E. I. Chazov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Intensity of lipid peroxidation: Indicator of inflammation severity in chronic bronchitis

The content of products of lipid peroxidation and antioxidative activity were measured in exhaled air condensate and blood sera of patients with chronic bronchitis. Exacerbation of purulent bronchitis was found to be associated with an increase of heptane-soluble products of lipid peroxidation in serum and condensate, which was not observed in patients with catarrhal bronchitis. In catarrhal bronchitis, the content of heptane-soluble products is increased only in the serum; antioxidative activity increased in exhaled air condensate in catarrhal bronchitis and decreased in serum and condensate in purulent bronchitis. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 8, pp. 202–204, August, 1997     

Effect of diazepam on the transmembrane potential and physicochemical state of the thymocyte membrane in rats during exposure to cold

Exposure of restrained rats to cold caused a drop in rectal temperature by 3°C, attenuated membrane potential by ΔΨ_T, decreased the level of lipid peroxidation products, and increased the viscosity of membrane lipids in thymocytes. Although diazepam (5 mg/kg, 1 h prior to experiment) decreased ΔΨ_T and lipid viscosity under comfortable temperature, it prevented the cold-induced changes in these parameters. Incubation of intact rat thymocytes with diazepam (0.2 μg/ml) decreased ΔΨ_T, increased lipid viscosity, and did not change the intensity of lipid peroxidation. Possibilities are discussed to reduced with the help of diazepam the cold-related energy losses not only due to its effect on the central benzodiazepine receptors, but also due to changes in functional and structural parameters of the membranes caused by interaction with peripheral receptors. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 12, pp. 636–639, December, 1998     

Antioxidant effect of cytochromec under conditions of prolonged immobilization stress

Prolonged immobilization stress activates lipid peroxidation, causes ischemic damage to the myocardium, and promotes the development of some manifestations of atherosclerosis in rabbits. Intravenous infusion of cytochromec (1 mg/kg) during 30 days of immobilization lowers the extent of lipid peroxidation and produces cardio- and endothelium-protective effects. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 6, pp. 642–644, June, 1997     

Effect of epithalone on the age-specific changes in the time course of lipid peroxidation inDrosophila melanogaster

The effect of epithalone on the age-specific time course of lipid peroxidation was studied in inadaptiveDrosophila melanogaster strains. A single dose of epithalone at the larval stage decreased the level of conjugated hydroperoxides and Schiff bases throughout the life span of imago. Strain- and sex-specific differences in the time course of the studied sign are characterized. Translated fromByulleten’s Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 585–588, November, 2000     

Lipid peroxidation after acute intoxication of cats with anthio and the effect of ionol on their survival

Acute intoxication with the organophosphorus pesticide Anthio considerably increases the intensity of lipid peroxidation in Nembutal-anesthetized cats. Pretreatment with the synthetic antioxidant ionol prolongs the survival of the cats. Ionol has no appreciable effect on respiratory and hemodynamic parameters. Lipid peroxidation may contribute to the disturbances caused by Anthio. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 625–628, December, 1996