北京地区汉族妇女PPARγ基因C161→T多态性与骨密度关系的研究

目的 探讨过氧化物酶体增殖体激动受体γ（PPARγ）基因第6外显子C161→T的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与青年妇女骨峰值及绝经后低骨量妇女骨密度的关系。方法筛选2004年1月至2005年1月北京安贞医院和北京协和医院收集的219例健康青年妇女和102例绝经后低骨量妇女，用双能X线吸收测定法检测研究对象腰椎和髋部的骨密度，用聚合酶链反应一限制性片段长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）分析法检测研究对象的PPARγ基因第6外显子C161→T的基因型。结果研究人群中PPARγ基因第6外显子C161→T的基因型及基因频率的分布符合Hardy—Weinberg定律；校正年龄、体重、身高和体重指数对骨密度的影响后，219名青年妇女和102名绝经后妇女中PPARγ各基因型组间在L2-4、股骨近端部位的BMD值差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论PPARγ基因C161→T的SNP可能不是汉族妇女骨质疏松症遗传影响因素，其基因型的检测可能对筛查汉族妇女骨质疏松症高危人群的意义不大。     

女性围绝经期骨密度和E2、PTH、CT相关性分析

目的 本文分析了女性在围绝经期血清雌二醇(E2)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、降钙素(CT)水平的变化对骨密度(BMD)的影响. 方法 测定绝经前期正常体检(A)组、绝经期(B)组和绝经时间＞1年(C)组的腰椎L2～L4、股骨颈、大转子、华氏三角区正侧位的BMD及血清中E2、PTH、CT的浓度,对BMD与多个变量之间的关系进行相关性分析. 结果 与A组比较,B组及C组BMD、E2及CT 水平显著降低,而 PTH水平显著升高.C组BMD、E2水平显著低于B组,而CT及PTH在2组间差异无统计学意义.相关性分析显示在绝经期妇女中E2、CT与BMD呈正相关;PTH与BMD呈负相关. 结论 女性E2、PTH、CT水平影响骨形成、骨吸收和BMD,使骨代谢趋向于负平衡,是女性易发骨质疏松的重要原因.     

中老年妇女骨质疏松发病危险因素分析

目的　探讨中老年妇女骨质疏松发病危险因素。方法　检测 1 4 7例中老年妇女血清睾酮 (T)、雌二醇 (E2 )、降钙素 (CT)、骨钙素(BGP)、甲状旁腺激素 (PTH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3)、甲状腺激素 (T4 ) ,并用双能 X线骨密度仪测定腰椎、髋部、前臂骨密度。根据测定结果 ,分出骨质疏松组和非骨质疏松组。记录两组对象的年龄、身高、体重、体重指数、初潮年龄、绝经年龄、初孕年龄、初产年龄、妊娠次数、产次 ,并对数据进行统计学分析。结果　中老年女性骨质疏松的发生率为 54.42 %。非骨质疏松组与骨质疏松组比较 ,两组的年龄、身高、体重、体重指数、孕次、产次、血清 E2 、T4 均有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 0 1～ 0 .0 5)。多因素分析显示 ,年龄、体重、产次、血清 E2 水平与 L3骨密度相关 (P<0 .0 0 1～ 0 .0 5)。结论　骨质疏松受多种因素的影响 ,年轻时控制产次 ,可能减少中老年后骨质疏松的发生。中老年妇女维持适当的体重、适当补充雌激素有可能对骨量丢失有保护作用 ,并可能降低中老年女性骨质疏松发病的危险性     

跌倒和髋部骨密度对绝经后妇女骨折风险的影响

目的探讨跌倒和骨密度对绝经后妇女骨折发生率的影响。方法对2008年9月至2010年12月在南京市鼓楼医院骨质疏松症专病门诊体检、年龄为45～85岁的500名绝经后妇女的临床资料进行回顾性分析。收集受试者年龄、身高、体重、既往病史、跌倒史和骨折史,并进行跌倒指数和骨密度评估。结果500名绝经后妇女的平均年龄为（65．9±8．2）岁,全髋和股骨颈骨密度T值均值分别为-1．58±1．16和-1．78±1．06。其中159例（31．8％）有跌倒史,222例（44．4％）有骨折史（非暴力性骨折）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,跌倒史对骨折发生率的影响最为显著（OR=5．070）,年龄与骨折发生率呈正相关（OR=1．038）,身高与骨折发生率呈负相关（OR=0．956）。体重、全髋及股骨颈骨密度T值对骨折发生率无明显影响。结论预防骨质疏松性骨折不能仅单纯提高骨密度和增加骨量,预防跌倒和全面提高骨质量需引起临床医师的注意。     

吉林省德惠市658名中老年女性跟骨超声骨密度分析

目的探讨中老年女性跟骨骨密度(BMD)与年龄、绝经、体重指数(BMI)的关系。方法在吉林省德惠市2个城区、2个乡镇及6个村常住居民区中采取随机抽样的方式抽取658名中老年女性(45~74岁),按不同年龄分组,每10岁为1个年龄组,共3组,使用超声骨密度仪(QUS)测量跟骨BMD T值。结果跟骨BMD T值随年龄增长而出现下降趋势,高年龄组与低年龄组BMD T值比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);未绝经组BMD T值明显高于绝经组(P0.05)。高体重组BMD T值高于低体重组(P0.05)。结论年龄、绝经、BMI和中老年妇女BMD有显著相关性,是影响中老年女性BMD的重要因素。     

老年男性骨质疏松症与血清雌二醇及睾酮关系的研究

目的探讨老年男性骨质疏松症（OP）与血清雌二醇及睾酮的关系。方法采用双能X线法检测189例老年男性骨密度,分别检测雌二醇（E2）、睾酮（T）、降钙素（CT）、25羟维生素D（25-OH—VitD）、甲状旁腺素（PTH）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）及碱性磷酸酶（ALP）的指标。结果OP组的血清E2、CT及25-OH—VitD水平均低于骨量正常组（P〈0．05）,PTH高于骨量正常组（P〈0．05）,两组的血清T水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,OP组70～90岁及≥80岁两组的血清E2水平均低于60～69岁组（P〈0．05）,三组的血清T水平呈下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,OP组血清E2水平与骨密度呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论血清E2水平与老年男性OP密切相关,应重视E2对老年男性OP的预警作用。     

绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松影响因素及骨转换特点

目的 探讨绝经后2型糖尿病(T2DM)人群骨质疏松影响因素及骨转换特点及其防治策略.方法 150例绝经后T2DM住院患者测定骨密度(BMD)后分为骨量正常(NP)、骨量减低(DP)和骨质疏松(OP)组.登记年龄(Age),绝经年限(LOP),糖尿病病程(YSM),计算体重指数(BMI),测定空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(PPG),空腹胰岛素(FIns)、餐后2 h胰岛素(2 h Ins),血Ⅰ型胶原C端肽(CTX-Ⅰ)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(TRACP5b)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、雌激素(E2).结果 ①绝经后T2DM人群OP发病率54%;②绝经后T2DM并发OP患者与骨量减少和骨量正常组比较绝经年限、糖尿病病程及血糖水平明显增高,胰岛素和E2水平明显降低(P<0.05);③OP组患者与骨量减少和骨量正常组比较CTX-Ⅰ、TRACP5b、BALP等骨转换指标明显升高(P<0.05);④CTX-Ⅰ与腰椎2～4、股骨颈BMD呈明显负相关(P<0.05),与大转子、粗隆间BMD无明显相关性;TRACP5b、BALP与腰椎2～4、股骨颈、大转子、粗隆间BMD呈明显负相关(P<0.05).结论 LOP、血糖、YSM、FIns和E2水平可影响绝经后T2DM患者骨量;该人群骨重建特点为高转换型,骨吸收标记物TRACP5b可作为早期预测绝经后T2DM骨量减少及OP的敏感指标.     

老年2型糖尿病与骨质疏松的相关因素

目的探讨老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并骨质疏松的相关因素。方法选择120例老年T2DM患者及136例为对照组,测量其骨密度(BMD)值,采用病例对照法分析老年T2DM组中两个亚组与对照组相关指标。使用Logistic回归分析T2DM患者各种与骨质疏松相关的危险因素。结果 T2DM组患者骨质疏松发病率82.5%,对照组为12.6%。两组相比BMD偏低(P<0.01)。糖尿病患者的BMD与年龄、糖尿病病程、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、女性绝经年限和甲状旁腺激素(PTH)呈负相关,与空腹胰岛素(FINS)、体重指数(BMI)、降钙素(CT)呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论影响老年T2DM患者BMD的因素有年龄、病程、BMI、FINS水平、HbA1c、女性绝经年限。T2DM患者骨量改变与PTH、CT等钙调节激素的变化有关。     

上海地区绝经后妇女骨质疏松症危险因素流行病学研究

目的通过绝经后骨质疏松症的分布特征和易发因素相关性分析,探讨绝经后骨质疏松症的病因机理和危险因素。方法选取社区50～69岁绝经1年以上妇女,以问卷调查,结合DXA测量BMD值,以及血清1α,25（OH）2D3等骨代谢指标测定,分析与骨丢失的相关性。结果骨质疏松症的发生率随增龄和绝经年限的延长而上升,绝经年龄早、生育胎数多、哺乳时间长是低骨量的重要危险因素,而使用雌激素、长期饮用牛奶、维持一定体重对骨量值有保护作用。此外,绝经后OP妇女的血清1α,25（OH）2D3和25（OH）D3含量均明显低于非OP妇女,血清1α,25（OH）2D3含量与BMD值呈高度相关（r=0．693,P〈0．01）。骨代谢相关指标分析表明,绝经后OP表现为高骨转换型,维生素D与PTH状态,以及DPD／Cr等均是评价绝经后OP患者的重要指标。结论妇女绝经后有一个快速的骨丢失过程,而血清1α,25（OH）2D3水平的低下是绝经后骨量丢失的一个重要原因。为维护骨骼健康,应维持其底物25（OH）D3在正常范围内。     

增龄对钙调节相关激素、骨转换指标及骨密度的影响

目的　探讨增龄与血清总三碘甲腺原氨酸 (TT3 )、总甲状腺素 (TT4)、甲状旁腺素全段 (PTH- SP)、降钙素 (CT)、睾酮 (T)、雌二醇(E2 )、骨钙素 (BGP)、尿脱氧吡啶啉 /尿肌酐 (DPD/ Cr)及骨密度 (BMD)的关系。方法　 2 2 6例健康中老年人分中年组、老年前组、老年组测定血清上述钙调节相关激素、骨转换指标 ,双能 X光骨密度仪测定腰椎、髋部、前臂八个区域的 BMD值 ,比较三组间差异及与年龄的相关性。结果　 T(男性 )、E2 (女性 )、TT4、CT、BGP随增龄逐渐下降并与年龄呈显著负相关 (P<0 .0 0 1 ,P<0 .0 5) ,PTH- SP、DPD/ Cr逐渐升高并与年龄显著正相关 (P<0 .0 5)。各部位 BMD值随增龄逐渐降低 ,三组间有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 0 1 )。结论　血清钙调节相关激素浓度随增龄发生变化 ,这些改变引起骨吸收增加 ,骨形成减少 ,骨代谢向负平衡发展 ,可能是原发性骨质疏松的主要因素。     

亚临床甲状腺功能减退症与绝经后女性骨代谢指标的相关性分析

目的探讨亚临床甲状腺功能减退症(SCH)与绝经后女性骨密度及骨代谢相关指标的关系。方法选取2015年1月至2018年6月在空军军医大学西京医院老年病科就诊的138例绝经后女性临床资料,根据患者是否患SCH分为SCH组(68例)和正常对照组(70例)。检测并比较2组患者骨密度相关指标[碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、Ca~(2+)、骨化三醇、骨密度T值(T -1.0为骨密度异常)]以及甲状腺功能相关指标[甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb~+)比例]。采用SPSS 18.0统计软件对数据进行分析。相关性采用Spearman相关分析。结果 SCH组及对照组患者骨密度异常率分别为50.0%(34/68)和25.7%(18/70),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.003)。与对照组比较,SCH组患者TSH水平和TPOAb~+比例显著升高(P0.05),但FT3、FT4、PTH及骨代谢相关指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Spearman相关分析显示,TSH、TPOAb~+与ALP、骨化三醇、骨密度T值呈负相关,其中TSH与T值呈高度负相关(r=-0.804,P0.01)。结论 SCH可能引起绝经后女性骨量异常和骨密度测定值降低,这可能与血清TSH水平升高和TPOAb呈阳性有关。     

Association of 29C>T polymorphism in the transforming growth factor‐β1 gene with lean body mass in community‐dwelling Japanese population

Aim: Sarcopenia is the significant degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with aging, and it is one of the components of frailty. We previously reported an association between the 29C>T polymorphism in the transforming growth factor‐β1 gene (rs1800470) and the prevalence of vertebral fractures in subjects with postmenopausal osteoporosis. The association was not attributable to bone mineral density, which suggests that polymorphism influences some aspects of bone quality that affects strength and/or frailty rather than bone strength itself. Thus, we examined the relationship between genetic polymorphism and lean body mass in a Japanese population. Methods: A total of 479 adults comprising 143 men and 336 women, age 23 to 85 years, participated in the present study. Fat‐free mass was measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and the relative skeletal muscle index was calculated as the ratio of appendicular (sum of arms and legs) fat‐free mass to the square of height. Results: Total, leg, and appendicular fat‐free mass as well as the relative skeletal muscle index were significantly lower in male subjects with CT/TT genotypes compared to those with CC genotype. Female subjects did not show any genotype‐dependent differences when analyzed as a group, but when those without menstruation (postmenopausal women) were analyzed, arm fat‐free mass was significantly lower in the CT/TT genotypes than in the CC genotype. Conclusions: T allele of the 29C>T polymorphism in the transforming growth factor‐β1 gene might be a risk factor of sarcopenia in a Japanese population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 292–297.     

以生物电阻法检测的身体组成成分与女性骨量的关系

目的 探讨体内的体脂和非体脂对绝经前和绝经后妇女骨密度(BMD)的作用。方法 282例绝经前和205例绝经后妇女参加本研究,用双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎和股骨颈BMD,用生物电阻法测定体脂和非体脂,同时测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围,并计算体重指数(BMI)和腰臀围比(WHR)。结果 体脂和非体脂与绝经前、绝经后妇女腰椎和股骨颈BMD均呈显著正相关(P＜0．01),多元逐步回归分析显示,在绝经前妇女中,非体脂和年龄是腰椎BMD的独立影响因素(R^2=0．077,P=0．000),非体脂、年龄和BMI是影响股骨颈BMD的决定因素(R^2=0．130,P=0．000),在绝经后妇女中,体脂和年龄是影响腰椎和股骨颈BMD的决定因素(R^2分别为0．153和0．184,P=0．000)。结论 体脂和非体脂对绝经前和绝经后妇女BMD的作用不同,非体脂是决定绝经前妇女骨量的重要因素,而体脂是影响绝经后妇女骨量的重要因素。     

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is more related to hormonal aberrations than to lifestyle factors

OBJECTIVE: Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) decreases with increasing age and this process is more pronounced in women after the menopause in parallel with the increasing prevalence of osteoporosis. This study was designed to compare IGF-1 concentrations, vitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and lifestyle factors in postmenopausal, osteoporotic women with and without oestrogen replacement therapy (HRT), with an age-matched random population sample of women. DESIGN: Case control study. PATIENTS: Postmenopausal, osteoporotic women, n = 128, mean age 59 +/- 6 years, were compared with a female random population sample matched for age, n = 227, mean age 59 +/- 5 years, from the WHO MONICA Project, G?teborg, Sweden. Osteoporotic fractures had occurred in 56% of the patients compared with 4% of the controls (P < 0.001). MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometry, occupation, smoking habits, physical activity, blood pressure, IGF-1, vitamin D, intact PTH, blood lipids. RESULTS: There were no differences in occupational class, current or previous smoking habits, degree of physical activity during occupational or leisure time between the patients and controls. Osteoporotic women had lower body weight and body mass index than the controls (P < 0.001). Height, waist/hip ratio and osteocalcin were similar. 25(OH) vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D were lower (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), PTH was higher (P < 0.001) and IGF-1 lower (P < 0.01) in osteoporotic women compared with the controls. IGF-1 was lower (P < 0.05), in spite of similar bone mineral density, in osteoporotic women without HRT than in those with HRT, who had IGF-1 concentrations similar to those of the population sample, of whom fewer than 10% had HRT. Among patients, IGF-1 did not correlate with serum oestradiol or bone mineral density. PTH correlated negatively to bone mineral density at the femoral site (r = - 0.29; P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is more related to hormonal aberrations than to lifestyle factors.     

Metabolism of calcium and phosphorus during pregnancy and lactation in white-tailed deer

The effects of pregnancy and early lactation on blood parameters were studied in 4 white-tailed does in 1981-82 and 8 in 1982-83. No year or fecundity effects (P less than 0.05) were found on plasma calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P), calcitonin (CT), parathyroid hormone (PTH), or oestradiol -17 beta (E2). An increase (P less than 0.05) in dry matter and metabolic feed intake occurred during pregnancy and lactation. Plasma Ca tended to increase during pregnancy and peaked 5-7 weeks pre-partum, while hypocalcaemia was observed 1-2 weeks pre-partum. Elevated concentrations of plasma Ca and P were found during lactation. During the last trimester of pregnancy, plasma concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (AP), PTH, and E2 but not of CT were higher (P less than 0.05) than in the other trimesters. The results indicate a physiological hyperparathyroidism in pregnant deer. Plasma concentrations of CT were higher (P less than 0.05) during lactation and post-weaning than during pregnancy. Increased AP and PTH during late pregnancy may be responsible for Ca absorption and mobilization, whereas elevated plasma concentrations of E2 may function to block excessive bone resorption. After parturition, lowered E2 may allow bone resorption to proceed, relatively high PTH may enhance Ca absorption and mobilization, and elevated CT may protect the skeleton against excessive bone resorption.     

绝经后妇女25羟基维生素D浓度及其与甲状旁腺素和骨转换指标关系548例研究

目的探讨健康绝经后妇女25羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]缺乏状况及与甲状旁腺素(PTH)和骨转换指标值的关系。方法筛选2010年2—3月上海市徐汇区548例绝经后健康妇女,平均年龄为(63.6±6.5)岁。受试者按照25(OH)D浓度分为维生素D严重缺乏组(<24 nmol/L)、维生素D缺乏组(24～<48 nmol/L)、维生素D不足组(48～<72 nmol/L)和维生素D充足组(≥72 nmol/L)。检测空腹血25(OH)D、PTH和各骨转换指标包括1型胶原羧基末端肽β降解产物(β-CTX)、全端骨钙素(OC)和1型原胶原氨基端前肽(P1NP)。结果 184例(33.6%)为严重缺乏,251例(45.9%)为缺乏,30例(5.5%)为不足和82例(15.0%)为充足。进一步分析各组间年龄、体重指数(BMI)、PTH和各骨转换指标水平的差异,发现各组年龄和BMI差异无统计学意义,但随着25(OH)D浓度下降,PTH、β-CTX、OC和P1NP水平逐步增加,与≥72 nmol/L组比较,其他3组上述各指标水平差异有统计学意义。25(OH)D浓度与PTH及各转换指标呈显著的负相关(P均<0.01)。结论在冬季上海市健康绝经后妇女维生素D缺乏非常普遍,随之引起血PTH水平和骨转换指标的明显增加,临床必须加以重视。     

Prospective 10-year study of the determinants of bone density and bone loss in normal postmenopausal women,including the effect of hormone replacement therapy

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively assess bone density and the factors determining the rate of bone loss over a 10-year period of postmenopausal life. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. METHODS: One hundred and four normal White postmenopausal women, baseline mean age 59 years (range 47-71 years) completed the study (mean duration of follow-up 10.2 years, range 9.4-10.6 years). None had diseases or were taking medications affecting bone metabolism at entry to the study. Information was collected on medical, fracture and smoking history, alcohol use, dietary calcium intake and physical activity. Body composition and bone density were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and at 10 years. Biochemical, haematological and hormonal analyses were performed. RESULTS: Twenty-four percent of the women started hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during the study period; most of these remained on therapy at follow-up. The mean duration of therapy was 6.6 years (range 2.8-10.4 years). The use of HRT was associated with significant gains in bone density (total body + 3.0%, trochanter + 4.2%, Ward's triangle + 4.4%, spine + 10.5%) and a significant reduction in vertebral fracture risk [standardized risk ratio compared with non-HRT users 0.42 (confidence interval 0.18-0.83)]. HRT use was not associated with greater weight gain than that occurring in other members of the cohort. The baseline and follow-up bone densities in the non-HRT users were highly correlated (0.82 < or = r < or = 0.91, P < or = 0.0001) and baseline bone density accounted for the majority of the variance in the 10-year results. Multivariate analyses showed that the independent correlates of rate of change of bone density were weight and fat mass (both baseline values and changes during follow-up), time after menopause, sex hormone concentrations, urinary calcium loss, PTH levels and haemoglobin concentration (which may reflect nutrition and health). CONCLUSIONS: Bone density is highly predictable over an extended period of time in normal postmenopausal women. Maintenance of body weight and good health reduce bone loss. HRT is effective for treating osteoporosis, with improvement in bone density and reduction in vertebral fractures. Good compliance with HRT long-term is achievable. These findings are relevant to deciding the frequency of bone density measurement, and in advising women regarding prevention and treatment of postmenopausal bone loss.     

Association of polymorphisms of interleukin-6, osteocalcin,and vitamin D receptor genes,alone or in combination,with bone mineral density in community-dwelling Japanese women and men

We examined whether the -634C-->G, 298C-->T, and 2C-->T polymorphisms of the IL-6, osteocalcin, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes, respectively, were associated, alone or in combination, with bone mineral density (BMD) in community-dwelling Japanese women (between 1108 and 1113) or men (between 1116 and 1130) aged 40-79 yr. The -634C-->G polymorphism of the IL-6 gene and the 298C-->T polymorphism of the osteocalcin gene were associated with BMD in postmenopausal women, with the respective GG and TT genotypes representing risk factors for reduced bone mass. IL-6 and osteocalcin genotypes showed additive effects on BMD for postmenopausal women. The 2C-->T polymorphism of the VDR gene was associated with BMD in men, with the CT genotype contributing to reduced BMD. These results suggest that the IL-6 and osteocalcin genes are susceptibility loci for reduced BMD in postmenopausal women and that the VDR gene constitutes such a locus in men. The combined IL-6 and osteocalcin genotypes may prove informative for the assessment of osteoporosis in women.     

Lack of deleterious effect on bone mineral density of long-term thyroxine suppressive therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma

The effect of subclinical hyperthyroidism on bone mineral density is controversial and could be significant in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who receive suppressive doses of levothyroxine (LT4). To ascertain whether prolonged treatment with LT4 to suppress thyrotropin had a deleterious effect on bone mineral density and/or calcium metabolism in patients thyroidectomized for differentiated thyroid cancer we have performed a cross-sectional study in a group of 88 women (mean +/- SD age: 51 +/- 12 years) treated with LT4 after near-total thyroidectomy and in a control group of 88 healthy women (51 +/- 11 years) matched for body mass index and menopausal status. We determined calcium metabolism parameters, bone turnover marker N-telopeptide and bone mass density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. No differences were found between patients and controls in calcium metabolism parameters or N-telopeptide except for PTH, which was significantly increased in controls. No differences were found between groups in bone mineral density in femoral neck (0.971 +/- 0.148 gr/cm(2) vs 0.956 +/- 0.130 gr/cm(2) in patients and controls respectively, P = 0.5). In lumbar spine, bone mineral density values were lower in controls than in patients (1.058 +/- 0.329 gr/cm(2) vs 1.155 +/- 0.224 gr/cm(2) respectively, P < 0.05). When premenopausal (n = 44) and postmenopausal (n = 44) patients were compared with their respective controls, bone mineral density was similar both in femoral neck and lumbar spine. The proportion of women with normal bone mass density, osteopenia and osteoporosis in patient and control groups was similar in pre- and postmenopausal women. In conclusion, long-term suppressive LT4 treatment does not appear to affect skeletal integrity in women with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.     

The reduction of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism is higher in the presence of concomitant GH secretion impairment

OBJECTIVE: To investigate, in a large group of postmenopausal primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) women, whether the concomitance of GH deficiency (GHD) may contribute to the development of changes in bone mineral density (BMD). DESIGN: GH secretion, bone status and metabolism were investigated in 50 postmenopausal women with PHP and in a control group of 60 women with no evidence of PHP, matched for age, age at menopause and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: GH response to growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)+arginine (Arg), femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, BMI, serum-ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and markers of bone remodelling were evaluated in all patients and controls. RESULTS: Among PHP patients, GH secretion was reduced (8.8 +/- 4.2 microg/l, range 1.1-16.5 microg/l) in 34 patients and normal (28.7 +/- 11.8 microg/l, range 17.9-55.7 microg/l) in the remaining 16 (P < 0.05), no women in the control group had GHD (peak GH 33.8 +/- 10.9 microg/l, range 21.7 +/- 63.2 microg/l). Osteoporosis (T-score < - 2.5) and osteopenia (T-score > -2.5 and < -1) were found in 73.5 and 17.6% of GHD patients, in 37.5 and 43.7% of patients with normal GH secretion and 3.1 and 27% of controls. T-score and BMD were not correlated with ionized calcium, age, age at menopause, BMI, GH peak and IGF-I but were correlated with serum PTH levels in both groups. T-score was correlated with serum levels of markers of bone remodelling only in PHP patients with GHD. CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant impairment of GH secretion may play a pathogenetic role in the occurrence of changes in bone mass observed in PHP and contribute to make them more severe.