北京女大学生进食障碍与家庭功能关系调查

目的考察北京女大学生进食障碍倾向与家庭功能的关系。方法采用进食障碍问卷(EDI)、家庭功能评定量表(FAD)测查北京两所大学共622名本科一年级女生。结果北京大一女生存在进食障碍倾向;生长在大城市的女生求瘦倾向得分明显高于生长在农村或中小城市的女生;体重关注者和非体重关注者相比,其家庭角色和情感介入两个功能更不健康。结论北京女大学生进食障碍倾向较为严重,进食障碍症状及其心理因素与家庭功能相关。     

大学生非典型性进食障碍与身体自尊的关系研究

目的:探讨大学生的非典型性进食障碍及其与身体自尊的关系.方法:通过分层随机抽样的方法,采用进食态度自评问卷(EAT-26)和青少年及成人身体自尊量表(BE)对浙江师范大学363名大学生进行调查.结果:①大学生非典型性进食障碍存在显著的性别差异,女生高于男生;②大学生非典型性进食障碍的年级、专业差异不显著;③女大学生非典型性进食障碍与身体自尊存在显著相关,男大学生非典型性进食障碍与身体自尊相关不显著;④社会评价和体重满意可以预测女大学生的非典型性进食障碍,外表感知可以预测男大学生的非典型性进食障碍.结论:大学生非典型性进食障碍较严重,并与其身体自尊有一定关系.     

进食障碍亚临床状态女大学生的内隐食物态度

目的通过内隐联想测验探讨进食障碍亚临床状态者和非进食障碍亚临床状态者的内隐食物态度差异。方法采用异常进食行为问卷及开放式问卷,筛选出进食障碍亚临床状态者和非进食障碍亚临床状态者,测量其对食物的内隐态度。结果①与非进食障碍亚临床状态者相比,进食障碍亚临床状态者总分(t=29.91,P<0.001)、心理症状维度(t=25.18,P<0.001)、节食与补偿行为维度(t=10.59,P<0.001)、暴食行为维度(t=6.42,P<0.001)差异均显著;②进食障碍亚临床状态者与非进食障碍亚临床状态者实际体重指数(BMI)差异显著(t=4.71,P<0.001),理想BMI差异不显著(t=0.61,P>0.05);③进食障碍亚临床状态者与非进食障碍亚临床状态者对不同食物的内隐态度差异呈边缘性显著(P=0.06)。结论进食障碍亚临床状态者和非进食障碍亚临床状态者对不同热量食物的内隐态度差异显著。     

北京女大学生节食状况及进食障碍状况的初步调查

目的 :调查北京女大学生节食、进食障碍状况及其相关的一些心理因素 ,以及不同性别角色的被试在这些方面有无差异。方法 :使用节食状况量表、进食障碍症状调查问卷、进食障碍调查表中的瘦身倾向与对身体的不满两个分量表、羞耻体验量表及性别角色量表测查了 2 11名北京女大学生。结果 :北京女大学生节食状况比以往研究发现的中学生的情况更严重一些 ;有 10人可以被初步判断为非典型性进食障碍 ;体形指数和瘦身倾向可预测节食行为 ;不同性别角色的被试在羞耻量表及各分量表得分上有显著差异。作者进一步对这些结果进行了讨论。结论 :北京女大学生节食状况及进食障碍应引起重视 ,及早进行干预     

某医学院女生进食障碍与自我接纳的现况调查

目的了解女大学生中进食障碍的发生情况及其与自我接纳的关系,为进一步对进食障碍进行研究及防治提供理论依据。方法通过随机整群抽样,抽取某医学院3个年级1062名在读女生进行现场调查,包括一般情况、进食障碍问卷和自我接纳问卷等。结果调查中有23人(2.2%)为"体重关注者",其中1人停经3个月以上;进食障碍问卷完美主义因子得分在年级(F=4.84,P=0.008)和专业(F=5.72,P=0.003)上有较大差异;进食障碍情况和自我接纳状况相关(r=-0.55,P<0.01)。结论进食障碍会引起女大学生的自我评价和自我接纳问题。     

北京市女大学生进食障碍状况及其与人格因素的关系

目的：考察北京市女大学生的进食障碍状况，探讨女大学生进食障碍状况与人格之间的关系。方法：采用进食障碍问卷和艾森克人格问卷简式量表对845名女大学生进行问卷调查。结果：①30人（3．6％）为罹患进食障碍的高危人群：②人格与进食障碍状况相关显著，且能够预测进食障碍状况，其中神经质对进食障碍问卷各分量表均有预测性：精神质对暴食、无效感、人际间不信任、内感受意识有预测性；外倾性对身体不满、无效感、人际间不信任、内感受意识和成熟恐惧有预测性；掩饰性对瘦身倾向、暴食、身体不满、内感受意识有预测性。结论：部分女大学生存在与进食障碍有关的不良态度和行为；个体的人格，尤其神经质的人格是预测进食障碍状况及其态度的重要因素。     

上海女大学生非典型性进食障碍的初步探究

目的探究上海在校女大学生与进食障碍相关的行为和人格特质。方法采用自编态度量表和进食障碍调查问卷,对206名在校女大学生进行了调查。结果女大学生的非典型性进食障碍检出率达到17%;有非典型性进食障碍的个体的人格独立性较差;她们对自身形体的扭曲认知、低水平的自尊、对体重增加的恐惧心理和追随减肥热潮的盲目行为等因素综合导致了非典型性进食障碍。结论当代女大学生普遍存在与非典型性进食障碍有关的行为和心理特征,建议学校及社会予以相应的帮助和引导。     

大学生身高、体重及身体满意度调查

目的探讨大学生的身高、体重、体重指数及与身体满意度的关系。方法采用自编问卷对547名大学生的身高、体重及身体满意度进行了调查。结果1男女大学生的平均身高为1.71和1.60米,平均体重为61.48和50.29kg;男生希望身体更高和更胖,而女生希望更高和更瘦,75.5%的女生的理想体重指数低于18.5;2女生身体满意度比男生低（P〈0.01）;3身高是影响大学生身体满意度的重要因素（P〈0.01）。结论男大学生希望体形更高壮,女大学生希望体形更高挑,性别、身高影响身体满意度。     

对北京市女中学生进食行为及相关心理因素的调查

目的:调查北京市区女中学生进食行为的状况及相应心理影响因素.方法:运用进食障碍问卷和病态饮食行为量表对636名北京女中学生进行调查.结果:(1)80.3%的被试比较关注自己的体重和身材.(2)全体被试的体重指数平均值属于正常范围(BMI＝19.38±2.87),而她们自己理想的体重指数(IBMI)和她们所认同女人最理想的体重指数都属于过低体重范围内(小于17.5).(3)瘦身态度与暴食和对身体的不满存在显著正相关.结论:女中学生普遍崇尚偏瘦的体形,其瘦身态度、暴食行为与学生对自己躯体不满有关.     

北京女大学生进食障碍调查分析

本文对北京市两所大学 3 0多个专业的女大学生进行了进食障碍调查。共发放问卷 10 0 0份 ,收回有效问卷 845份 ,有效率达到 84 5 %。其中 ,大一学生 2 11人 ;大二 2 0 1人 ;大三 2 46人 ;大四 187人。理科生占 5 2 2 % ,文科生占 47 8%。平均年龄 19 9± 1 5岁。采用Ganrer等人编制的进食障碍量表Ⅱ(EatingDisorderInventory -Ⅱ ,EDI -Ⅱ )。这是目前测查进食障碍认知 -行为症状的常用量表[1 ] 。整个量表包含 8个分量表 ,共 64道题目 ,各分量表分别为 :1、求瘦倾向 (DT) ;2、贪食(B ) ;3、不满体形 (BD ) ;4、无效(I) ;5、完美主义…     

Body image and attitude toward obesity in an historically black university

INTRODUCTION: The obesity epidemic is a major problem in the United States, particularly among black women. Body image and attitudes toward obesity are important areas to understand and address in any comprehensive approach to this epidemic. METHODS: From an initial evaluation of 200 college students (25 male and 25 female freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors each) attending an historically black university, we selected those students who identified themselves as black for data analysis (n = 191). All students underwent height and weight measurement from which body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Each student answered two questions related to nine silhouettes for each sex that progressively moved from extreme thinness to extreme obesity. Also, each student answered 20 questions describing attitudes about obesity. RESULTS: Black college students placed between the 62nd and 72nd percentiles of national BMI data for adolescents. Black female students were more likely than their black male counterparts to be obese. BMI did not vary by sex or grade level. Students of both sexes generally preferred "trim" silhouettes with the caveat that students with BMIs <25 kg/m2 preferred smaller silhouettes than did students with BMIs > or =25 kg/m2. BMI and sex did not favor any particular set of attitudes toward obesity. CONCLUSION: Black male and female college students from an historically black university were largely in the "normal" range of BMI percentiles for sex and age. Our black female students were more likely to be obese than our black male students. Our findings suggest that young black women are tolerant of a variety of body sizes. Based on findings from our Attitudes Toward Obese Persons scale, body size sense of self and sex do not influence attitudes toward obese persons. Further studies are needed.     

广西汉族和壮族大学生肺活量与肌肉参数的相关性分析

目的 探讨广西某高校汉族、壮族大学生肺活量与肌肉参数的相关性。方法 随机抽取1909名广西某高校在读大学生,采用MC-180体成分仪测量其肌肉参数,肺活量测试仪测量其肺活量。按《国家学生体质健康标准》进行身高、体重测试。将受试者肺活量分数分为4组：<60分、60～79分、80～89分、≥90分。采用SPSS 23.0统计学软件进行分析。结果 不同肺活量分数段汉族男、女大学生身高、年龄、体重、身体质量指数（BMI）、肌肉参数存在组间差异（均P<0.05）,壮族女大学生身高、体重、BMI、肌肉参数（除左上肢肌肉量）存在组间差异（均P<0.05）;汉族男大学生身高、肌肉参数最大值主要集中在≥90分组,呈上升趋势,汉族、壮族女大学生身高、体重、BMI、肌肉参数在<60分、60～79分、80～89分组上升趋势,在≥90分组各指标略有下降,壮族女大学生左上肢肌肉量组间差异不明显。汉族男、女大学生年龄、身高、体重、BMI、肌肉参数与肺活量成显著正相关（均 r>0,均 P<0.01）;壮族男、女大学生身高、体重、肌肉参数与肺活量成显著正相关（均 r>0,均 P<0.01）,左上肢肌肉量与肺活量相关性不显著（P>0.05）。结论 年龄、身高、体重、BMI、肌肉参数的增加对两民族大学生肺活量的增加有一定正性作用,左上肢肌肉量的变化对壮族大学生肺活量的影响不明显,汉族大学生各肌肉参数与肺活量的相关性强于同性别壮族大学生。     

Factors associated with abnormal eating attitudes among female college students in Japan

Summary Objectives: To determine the prevalence rates of abnormal eating attitudes and associated risk factors among female Japanese college students. Subjects and methods: The study population was 7812 female college students in Tokyo. They were asked to fill out the Japanese version of EAT-26 and lifestyle questionnaires. Results: 5.1% of the subjects had a total EAT-26 score above the cutoff point (>20). Multiple regression analysis found the most important factors associated with abnormal eating attitudes were distorted body image, fewer sleeping hours, irregular meal habits, cigarette smoking and more exercise. Discussion: The prevalence of abnormal eating attitudes among female college students in this study was lower than that of Japanese female high school students and lower than that reported for college students of both western and non-western countries. Our results suggest that body image dissatisfaction may be the most important factor associated with abnormal eating behavior.     

Racial/ethnic differences in body mass index, morbidity and attitudes toward obesity among U.S. adults

OBJECTIVE: To describe racial/ethnic differences by gender in body mass index (BMI), to examine the relationship between existence of current morbidity and BMI, and to assess racial/ethnic disparities in attitudes and perceptions toward obesity. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional random-digit telephone survey of a representative sample of noninstitutionalized U.S. adults aged > or =18 years in 2005 (N = 1,000, 62% response rate and 82% cooperation rate). RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight or obesity in 2005 among U.S. adults was 63%. Racial disparities in obesity were observed among women, not among men. The mean BMI of non-Hispanic black women was 29.8, significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that of non-Hispanic white women (26.7). Eighteen percent of the respondents reported having serious morbidities, with 8.5% reporting diabetes. A dose-response relationship was observed between BMI groups and existence of morbid conditions. Twenty-seven percent of obese respondents (BMI > or = 30) and 55% of extremely obese respondents (BMI > or = 40) reported such conditions. Race (blacks versus whites) was not a significant predictor for any of the six different attitudes and perceptions toward obesity in fully adjusted logistic models. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence of plateau or decrease in the prevalence of overweight or obesity and diabetes among U.S. adults. Racial disparities between blacks and whites persist among women. A modification of attitudes and perceptions might not have significant effects on people's behavior that can influence the prevalence of overweight and obesity.     

Sleep disturbances, body mass index and eating behaviour in undergraduate students

This study investigates the association between sleep disturbances, body mass index (BMI) and eating behaviour in a sample of undergraduate students. The sample comprises 870 medicine and dentistry students from Coimbra University (62.5% females), aged between 17 and 25 years. The Eating Attitudes Test-40 was used to measure eating behaviour, and two questions were applied addressing difficulties of initiating sleep (DIS) and difficulties of maintaining sleep (DMS). A sleep disturbance index (SDI) was calculated from the sum of DIS and DMS scores. Body mass index (BMI) was determined from self-reported weight and height. The correlation analyses generally indicated that global eating disturbance, bulimic behaviour dimension and social pressure to eat were associated particularly with sleep difficulties. An association between diet concerns and sleep difficulties was less consistent. Regression analyses showed that bulimic behaviour (BB) and social pressure to eat (SPE) dimensions were associated significantly with sleep difficulties (DIS, DMS, SDI) in the total sample (BB: from P<0.01 to P<0.001; SPE: P<0.05) and in males (BB: from P<0.05 to P<0.001; SPE: P<0.05) and with insomnia symptoms (P<0.01). In females, bulimic behaviour was the only factor associated significantly with sleep difficulties (SDI, DIS; P<0.01) and with insomnia symptoms (P<0.05). Although BMI was correlated negatively with sleep difficulties (P<0.05), regression analyses indicated that it was not associated significantly with them. Our findings support an association between eating behaviour and sleep disturbances in both genders, which may have treatment implications.     

Who gains or who loses weight? Psychosocial factors among first-year university students

Self-reported weight changes over 7 months and their relation to psychosocial characteristics (self-esteem, depression, social support, perceived stress and transition perception) and eating attitudes and behaviors (restrained eating and Eating Disorder Inventory subscales [EDI]) were assessed in first-year male and female students at six Canadian universities (N=2753). Results showed small but significant weight increases over time in males and females (M=1.5 kg). Males who lost weight versus those who gained reported greater negative well-being and more negative feelings about university transition. Females who either lost or gained weight had higher initial restraint and EDI scores than did weight maintainers. At 3 months, total EDI and body dissatisfaction increased in female weight gainers compared to weight losers, plus greater drive for thinness compared to weight maintainers. Thus, males distressed at the transition from high school to university appear more likely to lose weight while well-adjusted males are more likely to gain weight. For females, however, weight gain is associated with more negative well-being and preoccupations with weight and eating.     

大学生学业兴趣与自我控制的关系

目的:了解大学生学业兴趣与自我控制的关系。方法:采用大学生学业兴趣问卷、自我控制量表(SCS)对222名在校大学生进行测量。结果:(1)大学生的学业兴趣存在性别差异(t=-2.402,P0.05),学业兴趣水平女生得分均高于男生,特别是在成就感维度上存在显著差异(t=3.084,P0.01);(2)不同性别大学生在自我控制的节制娱乐维度存在差异(t=-2.508,P0.05);独生和多生大学生在冲动控制中存在差异(t=2.095,P0.05);不同年级大学生在抵制诱惑中存在差异(F=2.766,P0.05);(3)大学生学业兴趣和自我控制之间存在显著正相关(r=0.244,P0.01)。结论:学业兴趣与自我控制存在显著正相关,即学业兴趣越高,自我控制的能力越好。     

Prevalence of eating disorder risk and body image distortion among National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I varsity equestrian athletes

Context:

Participation in appearance-based sports, particularly at the collegiate level, may place additional pressures on female athletes to be thin, which may increase the likelihood of their resorting to drastic weight control measures, such as disordered eating behaviors.

Objectives:

(1) To estimate the prevalence and sources of eating disorder risk classification by academic status (freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior) and riding discipline (English and Western), (2) to examine riding style and academic status variations in body mass index (BMI) and silhouette type, and (3) to examine these variations across eating disorder risk classification type (eg, body image disturbances).

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Seven universities throughout the United States.

Patients or Other Participants:

A total of 138 participants volunteered (mean age = 19.88 ± 1.29 years). They represented 2 equestrian disciplines: English riding (n = 91) and Western riding (n = 47).

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Participants self-reported menstrual cycle history, height, and weight. We screened for eating disorder risk behaviors with the Eating Attitudes Test and for body disturbance with sex-specific BMI silhouettes.

Results:

Based on the Eating Attitudes Test, estimated eating disorder prevalence was 42.0% in the total sample, 38.5% among English riders, and 48.9% among Western riders. No BMI or silhouette differences were found across academic status or discipline in disordered eating risk. Overall, participants perceived their body images as significantly larger than their actual physical sizes (self-reported BMI) and wanted to be significantly smaller in both normal clothing and competitive uniforms.

Conclusions:

Disordered eating risk prevalence among equestrian athletes was similar to that reported in other aesthetic sports and lower than that in nonaesthetic sports. Athletic trainers working with these athletes should be sensitive to these risks and refer athletes as needed to clinicians knowledgeable about disordered eating. Professionals working with this population should avoid making negative comments about physical size and appearance.