大学生自我概念、人际关系与主观幸福感的关系

目的 探讨大学生主观幸福感的现状及其与自我概念、人际关系的关系.方法 采用幸福感指数量表、情感平衡量表、生活满意度量表、大学生自我概念问卷和人际关系综合诊断量表对445名大学生进行测查.并使用SPSS16.0进行统计分析.结果 ①大学生主观幸福感总体上处于中等水平;②主观幸福感与自我概念呈显著正相关(r=0.141～0.371,P＜0.01);③主观幸福感(积极情感除外)与人际关系困扰呈显著负相关(r=-0.296～-0.408,P＜0.001);④自我概念和人际关系困扰对主观幸福感的解释率最高可达18.3％.结论 大学生主观幸福感水平居中;大学生自我概念、人际关系与主观幸福感存在较大关系.     

自我概念和个体自尊、集体自尊对大学生主观幸福感的影响

目的:探讨大学生自我概念、个体自尊、集体自尊和主观幸福感的关系。方法:采用幸福感指数量表、自我概念量表、个体自尊量表、集体自尊量表对233名大学生进行测查。结果:①大学生的来源影响着主观幸福感,来自于城市的大学生比来自于农村的大学生体验到较高的生活满意度(P<0.01)。②自我概念、个体自尊、集体自尊和主观幸福感相关显著(P<0.01)。③自我概念、个体自尊、集体自尊对主观幸福感预测作用显著(P<0.001)。结论:自我概念、个体自尊、集体自尊是大学生主观幸福感的重要预测因素。     

大学生自我概念与主观幸福感的关系研究

目的探讨大学生自我概念与主观幸福感之间的关系。方法采用“田纳西自我概念量表”及“幸福感指数量表”,对465名大学生的自我概念和主观幸福感进行了测量。结果①大学生自我概念总分性别差异不显著（P〉0．05）,而城乡差异显著（P〈0．05）;②大学生幸福感指数的性别差异不显著（P〉0.05）,城乡差异显著（P〈0.01）;③大学生的自我概念与主观幸福感有显著正相关。结论自我概念是影响大学生主观幸福感的重要因素。     

301名小学教师主观幸福感与自我概念测评

主观幸福感 (ＳｕｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅＷｅｌｌ-ｂｅｉｎｇ ,简称ＳＷＢ)指个体依据自己设定的标准对其生活质量的总体评价。自我概念是个人对自己所有方面 (包括生理、心理和社会功能等 )的知觉和主观评价。ＴｅｒｒｙＴ 和Ｈｕｅｂｎｅｒ ,Ｅ Ｓ (1995 ) [1] 的研究证明 :主观幸福感与自我概念是两个相对独立的范畴 ,但存在一定的关系 ,表现为自我概念越积极 ,主观幸福感越强。我国学者对主观幸福感的影响因素也作了一些研究[2 -7] ,本文对小学教师的主观幸福感和自我概念进行测量。对象　浙江省 3 0 1名小学教师进行了调研。其中男 115人 ,…     

大学生主观幸福感与自我概念的关系

目的探讨大学生主观幸福感与自我概念的关系。方法采用主观幸福感问卷和自我概念问卷时604名大学生进行调查。结果①高低自我概念组大学生主观幸福感的差异具有统计学显著性；②自我概念自我批评与生活满意度和积极情感呈显著负相关，与消极情感呈显著正相关；自我概念其它各因子与生活满意度和积极情感均呈显著正相关，与消极情感呈显著负相关。个体的自我概念能够在一定程度上预测其幸福水平。结论大学生的自我概念与主观幸福感密切相关。     

Relationship between Self-harmony and Subjective Well-being of Vocational College Students

目的 了解离职生自我和谐与主观幸福感的现状及二者的关系.方法 采用自我和谐量表,生活满意度量表和积极—消极情感量表对394名高职生进行测查.结果 高职生自我和谐发展总体呈正态分布,其中自我与经验不和谐(t=-2.775,P＜0.01)和自我灵活性(t=7.345,P＜0.001)发展显著优于大学生常模;高职生主观幸福感体验处于中等水平;不同和谐程度学生的主观幸福感差异显著.结论 高职生的自我和谐和主观幸福感之间的预测作用是相互的.     

高职生自我和谐与主观幸福感的关系研究

目的了解高职生自我和谐与主观幸福感的现状及二者的关系。方法采用自我和谐量表,生活满意度量表和积极-消极情感量表对394名高职生进行测查。结果高职生自我和谐发展总体呈正态分布,其中自我与经验不和谐(t=-2.775,P<0.01)和自我灵活性(t=7.345,P<0.001)发展显著优于大学生常模;高职生主观幸福感体验处于中等水平;不同和谐程度学生的主观幸福感差异显著。结论高职生的自我和谐和主观幸福感之间的预测作用是相互的。     

Self-disclosure in Vocational College Students and Its Relationship with Subjective Well-being

目的 研究高职生自我表露的特点与主观幸福感的关系.方法 本研究采用大学生自我表露量表、总体幸福感量表对山西省综合职业技术学院、山西省交通职业技术学院的264名大一、大二的学生进行调查.结果 ①不同性别的高职生自我表露有显著差异(t=-2.412,P＜0.05);②在年级、专业、独生子女上,高职生自我表露水平均无显著差异(t=-1.252,1.857,1.475;P＞0.05);③自我表露的城乡差异显著(F=5.619,P＜0.05);④高职生自我表露与主观幸福感呈弱相关,高职生对家人 的自我表露与主观幸福感显著正相关(r=0.145,P＜0.05),高职生对恋人和朋友的自我表露和主观幸福感无显著负相关(r=-0.072,-0.086;P＞0.05).结论 高职生的自我表露呈现出人口学变量上的差异,高职生的自我表露可以预测他们的主观幸福感.     

高职生自我表露特点与主观幸福感的相关分析

目的研究高职生自我表露的特点与主观幸福感的关系。方法本研究采用大学生自我表露量表、总体幸福感量表对山西省综合职业技术学院、山西省交通职业技术学院的264名大一、大二的学生进行调查。结果①不同性别的高职生自我表露有显著差异(t=-2.412,P<0.05);②在年级、专业、独生子女上,高职生自我表露水平均无显著差异(t=-1.252,1.857,1.475;P>0.05);③自我表露的城乡差异显著(F=5.619,P<0.05);④高职生自我表露与主观幸福感呈弱相关,高职生对家人的自我表露与主观幸福感显著正相关(r=0.145,P<0.05),高职生对恋人和朋友的自我表露和主观幸福感无显著负相关(r=-0.072,-0.086;P>0.05)。结论高职生的自我表露呈现出人口学变量上的差异,高职生的自我表露可以预测他们的主观幸福感。     

艺术大学生自我效能、主观幸福感及其关系的研究

目的研究艺术大学生自我产能与主观幸福感的关系。方法用幸福感指数量表、一般自我效能感量表494艺术大学生进行了测量。结果①艺术大学生的主观幸福感和自我效能感有显着的独生和性别差异。②艺术大学生的高、低自我效能与主观幸福感存在显着的差异和相关。结论自我效能是影响幸福感的重要因素。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

Environmental risk factors and their role in the management of atopic dermatitis

Introduction: The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors.

Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke exposure, water hardness, urban vs. rural living, diet, breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics on AD.

Expert commentary: The increased global prevalence of AD cannot be attributed to genetics alone, suggesting that evolving environmental exposures may trigger and/or flare disease in predisposed individuals. There is a complex interplay between different environmental factors, including individual use of personal care products and exposure to climate, pollution, food and other exogenous factors. Understanding these complex risk factors is crucial to developing targeted interventions to prevent the disease in millions. Moreover, patients require counseling on optimal regimens for minimization of exposure to irritants and pruritogens and other harmful exposures.     

HLA genes in Amerindians from Mexico San Vicente Tancuayalab Teenek/Huastecos

Huastecos or Teenek Amerindians are presently living at North East Mexico (San Luis Potosi State). They have probably one of the most ancient culture of Mexico and Central America together with Mayas and Olmec groups with which also show close relationships. Proximity to Atlantic Ocean/Mexican Gulf originated that Spaniards had very early contact with them at about 1519 CE or before. In the present paper we have aimed to study HLA gene profile which may be useful for HLA and disease epidemiology and transplant programs in Teeneks. HLA-DRB1*04:07, -DRB1*14:06 and -DRB1*04:11 have been found in high frequency like in other Amerindian groups. High frequency typical Amerindians HLA extended haplotypes have been found, such as A*02-B*35-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; A*68-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 and A*02-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; also new haplotypes have been described, like A*02-B*52-DRB1*04:11-DQB1*03:02, A*68-B*35-DRB1*14:02-DQB1*03:01 and A*68-B*40-DRB1*16:02-DQB1*03:01. Genetic proximity is observed not only to linguistically close Mayans, but also to Mazatecans, Mixtecans and Zapotecans, who speak an altogether different languages; it shows once more that genes and languages do not correlate. This population was greatly diminished after European contact between 1500 and 1600 years CE; in fact, North and South America First Inhabitants population was brought from 80 down to 8 million people because of diseases (i.e.: measles, smallpox or influenza), slavery and war.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.