Transwell小室环境下兔成骨样细胞与骨髓基质干细胞的共培养及成骨分化

背景：以往在体外采用地塞米松、生长因子或用成骨样细胞与骨髓间充质干细胞按1∶1混合培养诱导成骨均存在种种局限。 目的：观察在Transwell小室环境下成骨样细胞与骨髓基质干细胞体外共培养及成骨样细胞定向诱导骨髓基质干细胞向成骨细胞分化的可行性。 方法：取第3代乳兔成骨样细胞与第3代兔骨髓基质干细胞接种共培养于Transwell小室内,成骨样细胞接种于培养板底层,骨髓基质干细胞接种于Transwell膜内膜上作为实验组。以骨髓基质干细胞单独接种于Transwell小室内,下层为基础培养液作为对照组。 结果与结论：实验组共培养骨髓基质干细胞明显向成骨细胞分化,细胞碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于对照组(P < 0.05)。实验组骨髓基质干细胞茜素红染色强阳性,可见呈红色结节,经PT-PCR扩增后,可见成骨启动基因核心结合因子α1的表达;对照组未见矿化结节。说明应用Transwell小室可实现成骨样细胞与骨髓基质干细胞体外共培养,并能定向诱导骨髓基质干细胞向成骨细胞分化。关键词：成骨样细胞;Transwell小室;骨髓基质干细胞;共培养;成骨分化;兔 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.19.004     

复合胰岛素样生长因子1壳聚糖胶原支架与人牙周膜细胞的增殖

背景：胰岛素样生长因子1具有促进成纤维细胞有丝分裂的作用,同时具有促进牙周细胞生长、分化及合成细胞外基质的作用。 目的：观察负载胰岛素样生长因子1的壳聚糖胶原支架对于人牙周膜细胞增殖的作用。 方法：将人牙周膜细胞分别接种于负载胰岛素样生长因子1的壳聚糖胶原支架与普通胶原支架上,于接种的1 h、24 h及1周检测重组人转化生长因子β1的释放,于第1,7,28天检测两组细胞的黏附和增殖情况。 结果与结论：负载胰岛素样生长因子1的壳聚糖胶原支架组第1,24小时和第1周的重组人转化生长因子β1释放率明显低于普通胶原支架组(P < 0.01)。两组接种第1天的细胞黏附和增殖检测比较差异无显著性意义  (P > 0.05),负载胰岛素样生长因子1的壳聚糖胶原支架组接种第7,28天的细胞黏附和增殖情况优于普通胶原支架组(P < 0.01)。表明负载胰岛素样生长因子1的壳聚糖胶原支架可显著促进人牙周膜细胞的增殖。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

丝素蛋白/壳聚糖复合支架材料的细胞相容性**

背景：大量研究表明丝素蛋白、壳聚糖为天然高分子材料,具有良好的细胞生物相容性。 目的：探讨丝素蛋白/壳聚糖复合支架材料与诱导的兔骨髓间充质干细胞的生物相容性。 方法：将兔骨髓间充质干细胞分离培养、诱导后,与丝素蛋白/壳聚糖三维支架材料体外共培养,以材料的细胞毒性、细胞增殖活力、材料细胞黏附率及扫描电镜等检测评价材料的细胞相容性。 结果与结论：经诱导后的骨髓间充质干细胞在支架材料上黏附、生长良好,保持正常的分裂增殖速度;随时间的增加,细胞黏附率增加,材料组较对照组黏附率强,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。扫描电镜观察发现细胞接种48 h后细胞生长良好,与支架黏附紧密,增殖分裂活跃。说明丝素蛋白/壳聚糖三维支架材料具有良好的细胞相容性。     

新型脊髓纳米组织工程支架的组织相容性

背景：纳米技术可改善脊髓组织工程生物材料的性能。 目的：分析新型脊髓纳米组织工程支架的组织相容性。 方法：以胶原为原料制备纤维定向排列及非定向排列的纳米纤维膜,培养及鉴定SD大鼠脊髓源性神经干细胞。将两种纳米纤维膜与SD乳鼠脊髓源性神经干细胞共培养,以正常培养的神经干细胞为对照,通过MTT实验检测纳米纤维膜的细胞相容性;以扫描电镜检测细胞在纳米纤维膜表面的黏附及增殖情况;将纳米纤维膜植入SD大鼠体内,通过组织学检查确定其降解情况及组织相容性;通过免疫组织化学实验确定神经干细胞在体内的存活及移动情况。 结果与结论：两种纳米纤维膜表面的神经干细胞黏附及增殖情况良好,MTT实验结果表明纳米纤维膜的细胞相容性佳,电镜结果表明细胞在纳米纤维膜表面黏附良好,增殖情况佳;在体内纳米纤维膜降解情况良好,组织相容性佳;BrdU标定的神经干细胞在SD大鼠体内存活并移动情况良好。结果表明新型纳米组织工程支架具有良好的细胞及组织相容性。     

可注射藻酸盐支架与人骨髓基质干细胞的体外复合培养*☆

背景：目前可注射组织工程骨的研究主要限于动物实验,若人骨髓基质干细胞与藻酸盐生物相容性良好,可注射组织工程骨将是极具前途的临床治疗手段。 目的：体外观察人骨髓基质干细胞与可注射支架藻酸钙凝胶的生物相容性。 方法：实验组将第2代人骨髓基质干细胞与藻酸钙凝胶复合培养,对照组单纯接种骨髓基质干细胞。倒置相差显微镜、扫描电镜观察各组细胞形态及增殖情况,MTT法半定量检测细胞增殖情况。 结果与结论：倒置显微镜下见实验组细胞生长良好,与对照组无明显差异。扫描电镜见骨髓基质干细胞在藻酸钙表面贴附、增殖良好,第6天时细胞已跨越微孔表面或向孔内生长。MTT法显示与对照组相比,实验组细胞增殖能力不受影响。结果初步表明藻酸钙与人骨髓基质干细胞体外生物相容性较好。      

聚羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物膜与人骨髓间充质干细胞的体外生物相容性

背景：聚羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物是近年来受到重视的聚羟基脂肪酸族组织工程支架材料,具有免疫排斥反应低、生物相容性好和降解产物无毒副作用的优点。 目的：观察聚羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物膜材料与人骨髓间充质干细胞的体外生物相容性。 方法：将第3代人骨髓间充质干细胞种植于聚羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物膜上作为实验组,培养板单纯培养细胞作为对照组,计算1,2,4 h两组贴壁细胞的数量,得出细胞贴壁率。MTT比色法观察2,4,6,8 d两组细胞的增殖情况。采用Hoechst33258荧光法,检测3,6,9,12 d两组细胞内的DNA含量。将人骨髓间充质干细胞接种聚羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物膜材料上5 d后,电镜扫描观察细胞在材料上的生长情况。 结果与结论：共培养1 h时,实验组的细胞贴壁率低于对照组;其他时间段两组之间细胞贴壁率差异无显著意义。两组各时点间的细胞增殖差异无显著意义。两组各时间点细胞内DNA含量差异无显著意义。扫描电镜观察人骨髓间充质干细胞在聚羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物膜上生长良好,形态呈梭形,细胞间连接紧密,分泌较多细胞基质。证明聚羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物膜材料与人骨髓间充质干细胞有良好的生物相容性。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

双层左旋聚乳酸静电纺织纳米纤维支架与人牙周膜细胞的生物相容性

背景：静电纺织制备的纳米纤维支架形态结构与天然细胞外基质相似,为细胞的生长、增殖提供了良好的微环境,可增强细胞的黏附、迁移、增殖及分化功能。 目的：观察双层左旋聚乳酸静电纺织纳米纤维支架与人牙周膜细胞的生物相容性。 方法：采用静电纺织技术制备双层左旋聚乳酸静电纺织纳米纤维支架。MTT法评估不同浓度(100%、75%、50%、25%)双层左旋聚乳酸静电纺织纳米纤维支架浸提液对人牙周膜细胞的毒性;将双层左旋聚乳酸静电纺织纳米纤维支架与人牙周膜细胞共培养,以MTT法检测细胞的早期黏附能力,扫描电镜观察细胞在支架上的生长情况。 结果与结论：不同浓度双层左旋聚乳酸静电纺织纳米纤维支架浸提液对人牙周膜细胞无毒性。共培养2,6,24 h,人牙周膜细胞在双层左旋聚乳酸静电纺织纳米纤维支架上的黏附能力较差。复合培养7 d,人牙周膜细胞在支架疏松面黏附良好,并保持原有的形态,伸展良好,伸出突起相互连接;在支架致密面呈复层生长,胞体呈梭形、多角形,连接成片。表明双层左旋聚乳酸静电纺织纳米支架与人牙周膜细胞具有良好的生物相容性。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石支架对成骨诱导脂肪干细胞活性及成骨性能的影响

背景：成骨诱导后的脂肪干细胞与可降解丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石支架复合,可望研制出一种具有良好生物相容性及成骨性能的新型骨融合材料。 目的：探讨丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石支架对成骨诱导脂肪干细胞增殖活性及成骨性能的影响。 方法：获取大鼠脂肪干细胞后体外贴壁培养、扩增,将第3代细胞用条件培养液进行成骨方向的定向诱导培养、扩增,然后接种到预湿的丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石材料上作为实验组,以相同条件下置入盖玻片和脂肪干细胞培养作为对照组。倒置相差显微镜观察细胞在材料中的生长情况,MTT法检测材料对细胞增殖活性的影响,碱性磷酸酶活性测定评价其成骨能力。 结果与结论：成骨诱导后的脂肪干细胞在丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石材料上能够良好地黏附和增殖。实验组和对照组细胞增殖活性及碱性磷酸酶活性比较,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),证实脂肪干细胞活性及成骨性能不受材料影响,说明丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石复合材料具有良好的细胞相容性。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

人牙周膜干细胞与牙周膜细胞生物学特性的比较

背景：牙周膜干细胞生物作用是目前牙周病治疗研究的热点,牙周膜成纤维细胞是其分化的终末功能细胞之一,也是其主要的支持细胞,两者生物学特性的差异研究鲜有报道。 目的：比较牙周膜干细胞与牙周膜细胞生物学特性的差异。 方法：用组织块法体外对牙周膜细胞以及单细胞克隆分离纯化后的人牙周膜干细胞两种细胞分别进行显微镜下形态观察,CCK8法检测并绘制2种细胞的生长曲线。流式细胞分析比较2种细胞的细胞周期以及细胞表面标记物的表达、实时PCR对2种细胞碱性磷酸酶、增殖细胞核抗原和Scleraxis基因进行检测。 结果与结论：牙周膜干细胞与牙周膜成纤维细胞外观差别明显,人牙周膜干细胞的生长曲线培养前5 d要低于牙周膜细胞,但在5 d后明显高于牙周膜细胞。人牙周膜干细胞与牙周膜细胞的细胞周期分别为41.1%和23.9%。表面标记物检测结果显示2种细胞虽有相似的表达,但在表达率差异有有显著性意义。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,人牙周膜干细胞在碱性磷酸酶、增殖细胞核抗原以及Scleraxis基因的表达检测均高于牙周膜细胞。表明牙周膜干细胞在成骨增殖等生物学功能上比牙周膜细胞具有更强的潜能。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

大鼠椎间盘髓核来源间充质干细胞的体外分离及培养鉴定

背景：目前椎间盘髓核组织的细胞组成和特性仍未阐明。 目的：旨在建立大鼠椎间盘髓核来源间充质干细胞的体外培养体系,并对其体外多项分化潜能进行鉴定。 方法：体外培养SD大鼠盘髓核来源间充质干细胞,取第3代细胞进行三系诱导分化,将成骨、成脂和成软骨分化作为实验组,基础细胞培养作为对照组。 结果与结论：低密度培养获得的髓核来源细胞早期可形成葵花样细胞集落,克隆样生长。第3代后,细胞形态趋向均一,呈成纤维细胞样生长。成骨诱导28 d,实验组茜素红染色阳性,且RunX2、osteopontin及osteocalcin表达较对照组显著增高(P < 0.05);成脂诱导21 d,实验组油红O染色阳性,C/EBPα及PPARγ2表达较对照组显著增高(P < 0.05);成软骨分化诱导21 d,实验组番红O快绿染色和Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学染色阳性,aggrecan和Col2a1表达较对照组显著增高(P < 0.05)。可见成年SD大鼠椎间盘髓核组织中可分离培养出体外呈克隆样生长的细胞群,且有向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞和软骨细胞发生定向分化的潜能。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

Direct and indirect co-culture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells for the generation of polymer/extracellular matrix hybrid constructs

In this work, the influence of direct cell–cell contact in co-cultures of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes for the improved deposition of cartilage-like extracellular matrix (ECM) within nonwoven fibrous poly(∊-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds was examined. To this end, chondrocytes and MSCs were either co-cultured in direct contact by mixing on a single PCL scaffold or produced via indirect co-culture, whereby the two cell types were seeded on separate scaffolds which were then cultured together in the same system either statically or under media perfusion in a bioreactor. In static cultures, the chondrocyte scaffold of an indirectly co-cultured group generated significantly greater amounts of glycosaminoglycan and collagen than the direct co-culture group initially seeded with the same number of chondrocytes. Furthermore, improved ECM production was linked to greater cellular proliferation and distribution throughout the scaffold in static culture. In perfusion cultures, flow had a significant effect on the proliferation of the chondrocytes. The ECM contents within the chondrocyte-containing scaffolds of the indirect co-culture groups either approximated or surpassed the amounts generated within the direct co-culture group. Additionally, within bioreactor culture there were indications that chondrocytes had an influence on the chondrogenesis of MSCs as evidenced by increases in cartilaginous ECM synthetic capacity. This work demonstrates that it is possible to generate PCL/ECM hybrid scaffolds for cartilage regeneration by utilizing the factors secreted by two different cell types, chondrocytes and MSCs, even in the absence of juxtacrine signaling.     

微渠多孔羟基磷灰石支架诱导骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的miRNA表达谱分析

文题释义： 羟基磷灰石：是目前最为理想的生物活性材料,具有生物相容性、骨传导性和骨诱导性,植入人体后对组织无刺激和排斥作用,能与骨形成很强的化学结合,用作骨缺损的充填材料,能为新骨的形成提供支架,发挥骨传导作用,是理想的硬组织替代材料。 MicroRNA(miRNA)：是一类内生的、长度为20-24个核苷酸的单链小分子RNA,由具有发夹结构的70-90个碱基大小的单链RNA前体经过Dicer酶加工后生成,其可以通过几个miRNAs的组合在转录后水平精细调控基因的表达。 背景：多孔羟基磷灰石支架具有良好的体内外成骨效能,但其所涉及的miRNAs复杂调控机制相关研究较少。 目的：探讨多孔羟基磷灰石支架材料介导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨矿化过程中相关miRNA表达谱的变化。 方法：体外分离、培养和鉴定大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,将骨髓间充质干细胞与多孔羟基磷灰石支架共培养为实验组,骨髓间充质干细胞单独培养为空白对照组,分别进行成骨诱导7 d,运用miRNA高通量测序技术分析两组骨髓间充质干细胞成骨矿化过程中相关miRNA表达谱的变化并进行GO分析,筛选出两组中表达差异明显的miRNA分子并进行qRT-PCR验证。 结果与结论：①与空白对照组比较,成骨诱导7 d时实验组BMP2、ALP、Runx2 mRNA表达上调,其中BMP2上调明显(P < 0.05);②microRNA高通量测序结果显示miR-210-3p、miR-146a-5p等13个miRNAs明显上调;let-7c-3p、let-3615等17个miRNAs明显下调;③GO分析上调的miRNA靶基因主要参与生物学调节、细胞基因表达、基因表达调节等,包括NF-κB、Toll样受体9、细胞间黏附、白细胞介素1调节、血管生成、Hippo等信号通路;④实时荧光定量qPCR验证结果显示miRNA-210在实验组上调15倍,miR-146a-5p在实验组上调10倍(P < 0.05);⑤结果表明,新型微渠多孔羟基磷灰石支架可以通过上调骨髓间充质干细胞miRNA-210-3p和miR-146a表达,促进骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化。 ORCID: 0000-0002-8722-1548(郑佳俊) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

结合3D打印技术构建聚己内酯-骨细胞外基质复合支架及体外骨诱导性能

BACKGROUND: Scholars are still looking for ideal bone tissue-engineered scaffolds, and  three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is a novel construction method. In the meanwhile, bone extracellular matrix is becoming a hotspot in osteogenic induction. OBJECTIVE: To construct the polycaprolactone/bone extracellular matrix scaffold using 3D printing technology and co-culture method, and to detect its osteogenic property. METHODS: 216 3D-printed polycaprolactone scaffolds were divided into group A (96 pores, n=72) and group B(48 pores, n=144). Passage 5 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from Sprague-Dawley rats were seeded onto the two kinds of polycaprolactone scaffolds, and the group A was used for alizarin red staining and Masson staining, while the group B for collagen and glycosaminoglycan detection at 1, 2 and 3 weeks of incubation. Afterwards, the scaffolds at 1, 2 and 3 weeks of culture were decellularized and labeled as groups AE1, AE2, AE3, BE1, BE2 and BE3. Then passage 5 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from Sprague-Dawley rats were seeded onto each scaffold again, and the former three groups underwent alizarin red staining, and the latter three were used for calcium, alkaline phosphatase activity and DNA quantitative analysis at 1, 2 and 3 weeks of culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Masson staining, glycosaminoglycan and hydroxyproline quantitative analysis showed that the extracellular matrix on the composite scaffold increased with time. Alkaline phosphatase activity revealed that the composite scaffold had a significantly stronger osteogenic differentiation than the normal polycaprolactone scaffold (P < 0.05). Alizarin red staining and calcium quantitative analysis showed that the mineralization of the composite scaffold was more obvious than that of the normal polycaprolactone scaffold (P < 0.05), but the total DNA analysis did not differ significantly between scaffolds. These results suggest that the composite scaffold with extracellular matrix is constructed successfully using the 3D technology and co-culture method and exhibits a better osteoinductivity.     

纳米网状结构对骨髓间充质干细胞生物活性的影响

背景：有研究表明不同的纳米表面形貌对细胞的生物活性具有不同的影响,但纳米网状结构至今少有报道。 目的：观察纳米网状结构对骨髓间充质干细胞生物活性的影响。 方法：实验利用碱热处理法,制备获得纳米网状的表面形貌材料,利用纯钛作为对照组材料,将两种材料分别与骨髓间充质干细胞共培养,利用扫描电镜及免疫荧光分别观察细胞形态及细胞骨架,再利用培养不同时间后细胞的吸光度值依次检测细胞早期黏附、增殖及成骨分化情况。 结果与结论：两组材料与细胞共培养30,60,120 min时,纳米网状结构组材料表面黏附的细胞数量明显多与纯钛。共培养第1,3,5天时,纳米网状结构组材料均可以明显促进细胞增殖,吸光度值明显高于纯钛组(P < 0.05)。两组材料与细胞成骨诱导培养14 d后,与纯钛组相比,纳米网状结构组材料的碱性磷酸酶值明显升高(P < 0.05),其材料表面的细胞形态及细胞骨架结构均较好。结果证实,与传统的纯钛材料相比,纳米网状结构可以更好的调节骨髓间充质干细胞的生物活性。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

Transwell共培养条件下诱导脂肪干细胞成骨能力的改变

BACKGROUND:Under co-culture conditions, mesenchymal stem cells could regulate osteogenic differentiation and osteogenesis of osteoblasts. OBJECTIVE:To observe the osteogenic efficiency of osteoblastic precursor cells co-cultured with undifferentiated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, or placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells in mineralization medium. METHODS:Adipose-derived stem cells were induced in osteogenic differentiation medium for 7 days before being indirectly co-cultured with undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells isolated from different tissues (bone marrow group, umbilical cord group and placenta group) in Transwell plates. Induced adipose-derived stem cells cultured alone served as control group. At different experimental intervals, quantitative analysis of alkaline phosphatase activity and calcified matrix was preformed to observe the effects of mesenchymal stem cells from different sources on the osteogenic efficiency of induced adipose-derived stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Expression of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in different experimental groups than the control group (P < 0.05), and it was also higher in the bone marrow group than the umbilical cord and placenta groups (P < 0.05). Quantitative analysis of calcified matrix revealed that the experimental groups were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05); and in experimental groups, the umbilical cord group was higher than bone marrow group and placenta group(P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the osteogenic efficiency of induced adipose-derived stem cells is improved dramatically under co-culture conditions.     

Polydatin loaded collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold in the treatment of spinal cord injury in rats北大核心

BACKGROUND: At present, the research on the neuroprotective effect of polydatin has gradually become a hot spot in the field of neurology. The research direction is mostly focused on ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and there are few studies on the application of spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: With collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold as carrier, polydatin was applied to the injured spinal cord to observe the repair effect. METHODS: (1) Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds and collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds loaded with 0.5, 1, 1.5 mmol/L polydatin were prepared. The third generation of rat neural stem cells was seeded on four kinds of scaffolds, and the proliferation of cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. During inducing neural differentiation of neural stem cells, the expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, Tuj-1 and Oligo were detected by immunofluorescence staining and RTPCR. (2) The spinal cord injury model of adult male SD rats was established and divided into three groups. The model control group (n=10) was not implanted with any materials. The control group (n=10) was implanted with collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold, and the experimental group (n=10) was implanted with 1 mmol/L polydatin/collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold. Meanwhile, sham operation group (n=10) was set up. BBB score was used to test the motor function of the right hind limb within 8 weeks after operation. At 8 weeks after operation, the spinal cord tissues were taken for histological observation, immunohistochemical analysis, and western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At 3 and 7 days of culture, the absorbance value of cell proliferation on 1 mmol/L polydatin/collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold was higher than that on the other three scaffolds (P < 0.05). (2) Immunofluorescence staining 7 days after induction showed that the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in 1 and 1.5 mmol/L polydatin/collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold groups were less than those in the other two collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold groups, but the expression levels of Oligo and Tuj-1 were more than those in the other two collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold groups. (3) RT-PCR results showed that the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA in 1 and 1.5 mmol/L polydatin/collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold groups was lower than that in the other two collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of Tuj-1 mRNA among the four groups. The expression of Oligo mRNA in 1 mmol/L polydatin/collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold group was higher than that in the other three groups (P < 0.05). (4) Spinal cord injury repair experiments showed that the BBB score of the experimental group was always higher than that of the model control group and the control group 2-8 weeks after operation (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the spinal cord defects in the control group and the observation group were filled with scaffolds, and the space between the tissues was smaller than that in the model control group. The tissue continuity and space in the observation group were better than those in the control group. Immunohistochemical analysis and western blot assay showed that the expression of neurofilament-200 protein in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group and model control group (P < 0.05). The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group and model control group (P < 0.05). (5) It is concluded that polydatin loaded collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds can promote the repair of spinal cord injury. © 2022, Publishing House of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

猪兔鼠肾生物支架制备及体外细胞共培养探究

目的　 灌注制备家猪、新西兰白兔、SD大鼠肾去细胞生物支架,探究三种肾支架对共培养种子细胞HEK的影响。 方法　取健康成年家猪10头、新西兰白兔28只、SD大鼠28只,分别将取出的肾脏随机均等分为正常组和支架组,支架组由肾动脉依次灌入肝素、1% Triton X-100和1% SDS溶液完成去细胞化。两组肾分别作组织形态学鉴定并检测机械力学性质。去细胞支架作组织爬片与人胚肾上皮细胞共培养,观察细胞在支架爬片上的生长状况,免疫荧光检测人胚肾上皮细胞PCNA及DAPI表达量作灰度分析。 结果　家猪、新西兰白兔、SD大鼠肾脏经灌注去细胞后HE核染色阴性, Masson染色显示胶原蛋白阳性,Collagen I和Collagen IV荧光染色阳性,电镜扫描可见去细胞支架内蜂窝状孔洞结构,并可见典型的肾小球龛样结构;支架组弹性模量与正常组肾弹性模量差异无显著性,支架组PCNA/DAPI值均高于空白对照组,而三种支架组之间PCNA/DAPI值无显著性差异。 结论　本研究灌注去细胞方法可去除家猪、新西兰白兔、SD大鼠肾内的细胞及细胞核,保留细胞外基质,维持细胞外基质的三维空间结构和机械力学强度,是一种可靠有效的制备三者肾去细胞生物支架方法,灌注制备的去细胞支架均可提高异种共培养人胚肾上皮细胞HEK的增殖活性,且这种提高作用在家猪、新西兰白兔和SD大鼠之间并无物种差异性。     

Collagen I gel promotes homogenous osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in serum-derived albumin scaffold

Repair of bone defects is a difficult clinical problem for reconstructive surgeons. Bone tissue engineering using an appropriate scaffold with cells is a new therapy for the repair of bone defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro osteogenesis of canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) cultured in a combination of collagen I gel and a porous serum-derived albumin scaffold. A serum-derived albumin scaffold was prepared with canine serum by cross-linking and freeze-drying procedures. Ad-MSCs were seeded into serum-derived albumin scaffolds with or without collagen I gel, and were exposed to osteogenic differentiation conditions in vitro. After 28?days of in vitro culture, the distribution and osteogenic differentiation of Ad-MSCs cultured in the scaffold were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, and calcium colorimetric assay. Ad-MSCs showed more homogeneous distribution and osteogenic differentiation in the scaffold with collagen I gel than without collagen I gel. ALP activity and extracellular matrix mineralization in the construct with type I collagen were significantly higher than in the construct without type I collagen (p?<?0.05). In conclusion, the combination of collagen I gel and the serum-derived albumin scaffold enhanced osteogenic differentiation and homogenous distribution of Ad-MSCs.     

三维环境下软骨细胞诱导滑膜间充质干细胞向软骨样细胞的分化

BACKGROUND: The co-culture of chondrocytes and synovial mesenchymal stem cells can induce the cartilage differentiation of synovial mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, but the cell differentiation induced by co-culture in vivo is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chondrogenic differentiation of synovial mesenchymal stem cells co-cultured with chondrocytes on the chitosan/type I collagen composite scaffolds after being transplanted into the subcutaneous layer of Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: The synovial mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes harvested from the synovial membrane and articular cartilage of Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained by enzyme digestion method and cultured respectively. Passage 3 synovial mesenchymal stem cells and passage 2 chondrocytes, which were divided into four groups: group A (chondrocytes alone), group B (synovial mesenchymal stem cells alone), group C (ratio of synovial mesenchymal stem cells:chondrocytes=1:2) and group D (scaffold material without cells), were cultured on chitosan/type I collagen composite scaffolds and transplanted into the subcutaneous layer of rats followed by morphological observation and immunohistochemical staining at 4 and 8 weeks.   . RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 4 and 8 weeks, the discoid-like scaffold was visible. The immunohistochemical staining of type II collagen and the toluidine blue staining of aggrecan were significantly positive in groups A and C. These results show that the co-culture of synovial mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes on the scaffold in vivo can form cartilage-like tissues.      

Transwell接触共培养促进单散iPSCs生长及分化

 目的：观察Transwell接触共培养促进单散人诱导多能干细胞（induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSCs）生长及分化的作用。方法：将1～2代牛角膜内皮细胞（corneal endothelial cells, CECs）接种在Transwell小室底面培养8 h后,应用Accutase消化及40 μm过滤处理获得单散iPSCs,将其接种到已有CECs的Transwell小室内共培养14 d,前3 d使用mTeSR1培养基,第4天开始用含10%胎牛血清的低糖DMEM培养基。分别进行实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, qPCR)、免疫荧光、死活细胞染色及碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase, ALP）染色,对iPSCs多能特性表达及分化进行鉴定。设定单散iPSCs共培养组为实验组,常规培养iPSCs组为对照组（一）,非共培养单散iPSCs组为对照组（二）。结果：培养牛CECs形态呈典型的六边形铺路石样外观。人iPSCs呈克隆样生长,共培养3 d后iPSCs贴壁呈单散细胞生长,免疫荧光检测未分化标志Nanog和Oct4呈阳性。qPCR检测Nanog、Oct4和Sox2 mRNA表达,实验组与对照组（一）比较差异无统计学意义（P>005）。死活细胞染色显示,实验组死细胞明显减少,与对照组（二）比较差异有统计学意义（P<001）。共培养14 d后,人iPSCs形态比较均一,呈多边形,体积增大,无明显克隆团块;ALP染色阴性;免疫荧光染色ZO-1、AQP1和CD31表达阳性,CD34和CD133表达阴性。qPCR检测Oct4、Nanog和Sox2 mRNA表达明显下调,与对照组（一）比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论：与牛CECs共培养可增强人单散iPSCs活性,使iPSCs形态上向内皮样细胞转化,表达部分CECs的标志。Transwell接触共培养模型可以促进单散iPSCs生长及分化。