影响慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者正确使用定量型气雾剂的因素分析及对策

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者正确使用定量型气雾剂的必要性和可行性. 方法 对120例COPD患者使用定量型气雾剂,按使用的7个步骤进行初试记录.出院前复试,出院后2周再次复试.比较患者在初、复试中的正确使用率. 结果 初始时,120例COPD患者中能正确使用定量型气雾剂者18例（15%）,常见的错误为：先按压后吸气（90例次）、连喷几次后再吸气（30例次）、吸气后无屏气（28例次）、吸人激素后无漱口（20例次）、使用前无摇匀（18例次）、先吸入糖皮质激素后再吸入β2受体激动剂（80例次）.出院前复试时总的正确使用率增至88例（73%）.出院2周第二次复试时总的正确使用率降至56%（68例）. 结论 定量型气雾剂在COPD患者中使用的正确率低影响疗效.建立规范化的指导和定期培训才能保证使用的正确性和有效性.     

Key issues in inhalation therapy in children

In order to achieve asthma control it is essential that children receive the appropriate education and training pertaining to the management of their disease, are prescribed the correct medication according to severity, and most importantly, are prescribed the correct inhaler to ensure medication is deposited in their lungs. There are three major misconceptions which physicians and patients have regarding the use of inhalers in children. Firstly, that the nebulizer is more effective than a pressurised metered dose inhaler (pMDI) plus spacer in treating acute asthma in children. Secondly that using an inhaler correctly is easy, and lastly that correct use of the inhaler, once taught, persists over time. However, recent studies have shown that these conceptions are false. Firstly, comparable efficacy is achieved by treatment with inhaled corticosteroids or bronchodilators delivered through a nebulizer and a pMDI plus spacer, both when used to treat acute asthma and for maintenance therapy. Secondly, contrary to general opinion, using an inhaler correctly is difficult for children. Many children with asthma use their inhaler devices incorrectly, even after instruction for correct use of the inhaler. Thirdly, correct inhalation technique deteriorates over time; and inhalation instructions, therefore, should be given repeatedly to achieve and maintain correct inhalation technique in asthmatic children. The profile of the ideal inhaler comprises good drug deposition in the lower airways, deliverance of a consistent dose, being easy to teach and to use correctly, and being small in size and convenient to handle. It should also be multidose, require a low inspiratory airflow for activation, provide feedback to patients on correct use of the inhaler, be re-usable, have an appealing design and feel, and have a reliable dose counter which may help to monitor the patient's compliance. The Novolizer device, a new multidose dry powder inhaler (DPI), shows many of these characteristics making it potentially very suitable for children with asthma.     

正确使用糖皮质激素吸入剂与支气管哮喘控制分析

目的分析正确使用糖皮质激素吸入剂对控制支气管哮喘的作用。方法对126例支气管哮喘患者,根据是否遵医嘱按疗程、剂量、次数,是否正确使用定量吸入器吸入糖皮质激素分为严格依从组（A组）、部分依从组（B组）和不依从组（C组）,记录3组哮喘控制测试（ACT）评分,检测肺功能指标肺活量（VC）、一秒呼气/用力肺活量（FEV1%）和最大通气量（MVV）指标,并进行统计学处理。结果 A组（29例）ACT评分、VC、FEV1%和MVV指标明显好于B组（79例）和C组（18例）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;B、C两组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论糖皮质激素吸入剂规范化使用及患者良好的依从性与支气管哮喘的控制和肺功能的改善有关。     

Effect of advanced uncomplicated pregnancy on pulmonary function parameters of North Indian subjects

The study was conducted on 100 pregnant women in third trimester of uncomplicated pregnancy (Test group) and 100 age-matched non-pregnant women (Control group) in the age group of 25 to 35 years. Pulmonary function test parameters FVC, FEV1, PEFR and FEF25-75% recorded using Medspiror. The FEV1/FVC ratio was calculated. All parameters except FEV1/ FVC ratio were found to decline in the Test group as compared to the Control group. The decrease in FEV1 with pregnancy was not of such amplitude as decrease in FVC, and hence FEV1/FVC ratio was seen to increase. This study validates the physiological changes in pulmonary function brought by pregnancy and highlights the need to compile expected and accepted alterations in predicted values of PFT in comparison with the non gravid states for safer outcome of the pregnancy.     

噻托溴铵联合布地奈德福莫特罗吸入剂治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床疗效研究

目的 分析噻托溴铵联合布地奈德福莫特罗吸入剂治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的临床疗效。方法 以2014年5月-2016年5月中航工业西安医院收治的稳定期COPD患者80例为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组给予布地奈德福莫特罗吸入剂,观察组在此基础上加用噻托溴铵粉吸入剂。两组均连续治疗2个月。比较两组治疗前后的肺功能,包括第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV1占预计值百分比（FEV1%）,并计算FEV1/FVC的值,以及生活质量、血清基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）和白介素-6（IL-6）水平,用药期间不良反应及治疗后半年内的急性加重发作次数。结果 治疗后,两组的FEV1、FEV1/FVC、FEV1%均较治疗前显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且观察组的以上指标均显著高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组治疗后的SGRQ评分、血清MMP-9、IL-6水平均较治疗前显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且观察组的显著低于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组的总不良反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义;观察组发生急性加重1次及以上的人数显著少于对照组,且平均急性加重次数亦显著低于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 噻托溴铵联合布地奈德福莫特罗吸入剂治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床疗效显著,可有效改善患者的肺功能、生活质量,降低急性加重的发生次数,且可显著降低患者血清中MMP-9、IL-6水平。     

Inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta 2-agonists in treatment of patients with chronic bronchiolitis following exposure to sulfur mustard

We examined the role of two regimens of combination inhaler therapy on amount of reversibility of chronic lung complications in mustard gas exposed patients. In a phase III, prospective, randomized clinical trial, 105 participants received either combination form of fluticasone propionate and salmetrol, 500/100 microg daily (group 1; n = 52) or beclomethasone, 1000 microg daily, and salbutamol inhaler, 800 microg daily (group 2; n = 53) for 12 wk. Pulmonary function test (PFT) indices and respiratory symptoms (including dyspnea, night awakening due to dyspnea and cough) were assessed at baseline and in each visit. Thirty-six patients in group 1 and 30 patients in group 2 completed study course. Both medication regimes increased pretreatment forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC%, and peak expiratory force (PEF) by the end of 12 wk. It seems that these improvements are more constant in group 1 than in group 2. Reversibility, that is, 10% increase of FEV1 in the second month was seen for 27% of patients in the group 1 and for 7% in the group 2. VAS scores have decreased in two groups during treatment period (p = .003) and after follow-up period it remained sustained in group 1 alone. Inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta 2-agonists are effective in treatment of patients with chronic bronchiolitis following exposure to sulfur mustard. However, a medium dose of fluticasone/salmeterol has the same effect on the airways reversibility, rather than a very high dose of beclomethasone with only the short-acting beta-agonist.     

沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂治疗支气管哮喘临床治疗效果观察

目的观察沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂治疗支气管哮喘的临床应用效果。方法将支气管哮喘患者120例。随机分为对照组和治疗组。对照组吸人倍氯米松、特布他林后单纯吸人丙酸氟替卡松,治疗组吸入倍氯米松、特布他林及沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂治疗,每次1吸,每天2次,疗程12周,观察哮喘控制情况并记录第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）及其占预计值的百分数（FEV1％）。结果所有患者临床症状均有好转,治疗组有37例（61．67％）达到临床控制,与对照组20例（33．33％）相比,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗组和对照组的肺功能均得到缓解和改善,治疗组的情况优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂能有效改善支气管哮喘的临床症状及肺功能．值得临床推广。     

Inhaled Corticosteroids and Long-Acting β2-Agonists in Treatment of Patients with Chronic Bronchiolitis Following Exposure to Sulfur Mustard

We examined the role of two regimens of combination inhaler therapy on amount of reversibility of chronic lung complications in mustard gas exposed patients. In a phase III, prospective, randomized clinical trial, 105 participants received either combination form of fluticasone propionate and salmetrol, 500/100 μ g daily (group 1; n = 52) or beclomethasone, 1000 μ g daily, and salbutamol inhaler, 800 μg daily (group 2; n = 53) for 12 wk. Pulmonary function test (PFT) indices and respiratory symptoms (including dyspnea, night awakening due to dyspnea and cough) were assessed at baseline and in each visit. Thirty-six patients in group 1 and 30 patients in group 2 completed study course. Both medication regimes increased pretreatment forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC%, and peak expiratory force (PEF) by the end of 12 wk. It seems that these improvements are more constant in group 1 than in group 2. Reversibility, that is, 10% increase of FEV1 in the second month was seen for 27% of patients in the group 1 and for 7% in the group 2. VAS scores have decreased in two groups during treatment period (p = .003) and after follow-up period it remained sustained in group 1 alone. Inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β 2-agonists are effective in treatment of patients with chronic bronchiolitis following exposure to sulfur mustard. However, a medium dose of fluticasone/salmeterol has the same effect on the airways reversibility, rather than a very high dose of beclomethasone with only the short-acting beta-agonist.     

Novolizer: a multidose dry powder inhaler

Novolizer is a multidose breath-actuated dry powder inhaler (DPI) approved for use with salbutamol (albuterol) and budesonide. It has multiple patient feedback mechanisms and an inspiratory flow rate threshold designed to optimise dosage. In two studies, children aged 4-11 years with asthma correctly used Novolizer and generated mean peak inspiratory flow rates (PIFRs) through Novolizer of 76 and 92.7 L/min, well above the Novolizer threshold of 35-50 L/min. In healthy volunteers, median lung deposition of budesonide administered via Novolizer was 19.9-32.1% at mean PIFRs of 54-99 L/min. In a randomised, double-blind, single-dose study in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, the 1-hour improvement from baseline in mean maximum forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) was 21.3% with inhalation of salbutamol through Novolizer, and 19.5% through Sultanol pressurised metered-dose inhaler (MDI). FEV(1) increased significantly in patients with asthma and COPD treated for 4 weeks in a randomised, open-label comparison of salbutamol through either Novolizer or Sultanol MDI. A randomised open-label study in adults with asthma treated with inhaled budesonide found equivalent improvements in FEV(1) and symptoms with Novolizer and Turbuhaler. Novolizer was well accepted overall. Most patients preferred it to previously used MDIs or DPIs. Only 4-5% found the taste feedback unacceptable. Physicians observed improved compliance over 4 weeks in 80% of patients with asthma using Novolizer.     

Patient perception and acceptability of multidose dry powder inhalers: a randomized crossover comparison of Diskus/Accuhaler with Turbuhaler.

This study was designed to provide information on correct use and preference to features and device handling of two multidose dry powder inhalers, the Diskus/Accuhaler and the Turbuhaler. A total of 169 powder-naive patients (mean age 40 years) with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were enrolled in a randomized crossover comparison of both inhalers. An effective use of either inhaler was assessed before (leaflet only) and after inhaler education. Ease of use especially during an attack and the presence of a dose counter were regarded as the most important features for an ideal inhaler. The percentage of correct handling maneuvers and the percentage of patients achieving 100% of correct maneuvers increased significantly (p < 0.001) after inhaler education in both devices, but percentage of correct use after the intervention was significantly higher for the Diskus/Accuhaler (92.6%) than for the Turbuhaler (89.8%; p = 0.036). Overall 60% of patients thought the Diskus/Accuhaler was preferable to the Turbuhaler (p < 0.001). The main reasons given were presence of a dose counter, perceived ease of use including ease of learning to use, design, and attached cover. Among those who preferred the Turbuhaler device, the main reason cited was small size, discreetness, and ease of holding. In the multivariate analysis, inhaler education (p = 0.005) and education level (p = 0.009) were significantly associated with the percentage of correct maneuvers. Age, sex, or tested inhaler showed no effect on appropriateness of the inhalation technique.     

Novolizer: how does it fit into inhalation therapy?

Inhalation therapy is the preferred route of administration of anti-asthmatic drugs to the lungs. However, the vast majority of patients cannot use their inhalers correctly, particularly pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs). The actual proportion of patients who do not use their inhalers correctly may even be under-estimated as GPs tend to over-estimate correct inhalation technique. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) have many advantages over pMDIs. Unlike pMDIs, they are environmentally-friendly, contain no propellant gases and, more importantly, they are breath-activated, so that the patient does not need to coordinate actuation of the inhaler with inspiration. Three key parameters for correct inhaler use should be considered when evaluating existing or future DPI devices and especially when choosing the appropriate device for the patient: (1) usability, (2) particle size distribution of the emitted drug and (3) intrinsic airflow resistance of the device. The Novolizer is a breath-activated, multidose, refillable DPI. It is easy to use correctly, has multiple feedback and control mechanisms which guide the patient through the correct inhalation manoeuvre. In addition, the Novolizer has an intelligent dose counter, which resets only after a correct inhalation and may help to monitor patient compliance. The Novolizer has a comparable or better lung deposition than the Turbuhaler at similar or higher peak inspiratory flow (PIF) rates. A flow trigger valve system ensures a clinically effective fine particle fraction (FPF) and sufficient drug delivery, which is important for a good lung deposition. The FPF produced through the Novolizer is also relatively independent of flow rate and the device shows better reproducibility of metering and delivery performance compared to the Turbuhaler. The low-to-medium airflow resistance means that the Novolizer is easy for patients to use correctly. Even children, patients with severe asthma and patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have no problems to generate the trigger inspiratory flow rate required to activate the Novolizer. The Novolizer uses an advanced DPI technology and may improve patient compliance.     

Peak inspiratory flow rate after methacholine challenge in asthmatic patients and its impact on the effect of formoterol via different inhalers.

The goal of the present study was to investigate the bronchodilating effects of 6 and 12 microg formoterol delivered by the Turbuhaler, in comparison to salbutamol 200 microg (metered dose inhaler) and to controls without treatment. After inducing acute and severe bronchial obstruction by means of methacholine challenge, peak inspiratory mouth flow (PIMF) was measured through a stenosis, simulating the internal resistance of the Turbuhaler, with the in-check device. In addition the relationship was studied between PIMF and clinical response in the 3 treatment groups. In the 176 patients methacholine caused a mean fall in FEV(1) of 37.1 +/- 6.9% compared to baseline. Ten minutes after bronchodilator inhalation, FEV(1) improved significantly in all three treatment groups. At 30 minutes after bronchodilator administration, only the salbutamol 200 microg and the formoterol 12 microg groups had a significantly greater increase in FEV1 than controls (0.69 +/- 0.43 l and 0.66 +/- 0.37 l vs 0.38 +/- 0.32 l, p < 0.0005), whereas the formoterol 6 microg group showed no significant improvement (0.41 +/- 0.38 l, p = 0.74). Thirteen patients (7.4%) did not reach a minimal PIMF of 30 l/min through the in-check device after challenge. In the four patients in the formoterol 6 microg group with a PIMF below 30 l/min inhalation did not cause bronchodilation. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that 6 microg formoterol via Turbuhaler leads to less and slower onset of bronchodilation compared to the other groups in our setting. If patients fail to generate a PIMF of 30 l/min, 6 microg formoterol via Turbuhaler may provide inadequate relief in a severe asthma attack.     

Large and small airway responses to procaterol hydrochloride administered through different extension devices in asthmatic patients.

The effects of spacer devices on the magnitude and velocity of large and small airway bronchodilator responses in asthmatic patients who can correctly operate a metered dose inhaler (MDI) remain unclear. According to a double-blinded, randomized, crossover protocol, 14 asthmatic patients were studied on seven separate occasions. On each occasion, patients inhaled doubling methacholine concentrations until forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) had fallen by 20% of baseline. Changes in forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75) were also evaluated. Subsequently, patients were administered 20 or 50 micrograms of procaterol from an MDI either alone or in conjunction with a small- or large-volume spacer device. Changes in FEV1 and FEF25-75 corrected for baseline forced vital capacity (isoFEF25-75) were assessed at 3-minute intervals for 15 minutes and at 30 minutes. Spontaneous recovery was similarly evaluated. The time required to attain significant increases in both FEV1 and isoFEF25-75 was calculated in bronchodilator trials. With 20 micrograms of procaterol, both spacers allowed larger and faster FEV1 increases than the MDI alone (P < 0.01); with 50 micrograms, the velocity and magnitude of FEV1 increases were further enhanced in trials with the MDI alone. The lower procaterol dose via the large-volume spacer determined larger and faster isoFEF25-75 increases than the higher dose via both the small-volume spacer and the MDI alone (P < 0.01). Spacers enhance bronchodilation even in patients using MDIs optimally. Compared with both the small-volume device and the MDI alone, the large-volume spacer allows faster and larger small airway dilation with less than half of the procaterol dose.     

沙美特罗联合丙酸氟替卡松吸入剂对老年稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的治疗作用的临床分析

目的研究沙美特罗／丙酸氟替卡松吸入剂对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病老年患者的治疗效果。方法对我院收治的100例符合条件的老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者随机分成两组,每组50人,在综合治疗的基础上,实验组使用沙美特罗联合丙酸氟替卡松吸入剂进行治疗,对照组使用丙酸倍氯米松进行治疗,治疗90天后对两组患者进行一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV／FVC及FEV1占预计值比例等肺通气功能的测试和呼吸困难症状MRC量表评价。结果两组患者通气困难症状均有不同程度的改善,实验组患者MRC评分（3．84±0．78）、FEV1（1．54±0．43）、FEV／FVC（69．37±5．12）％等均优于对照组[（4．15±0．82）,（1．47±0．42）,（64．36±4．98）％1其差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论沙美特罗联合丙酸氟替卡松吸入剂能有效改善老年稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的肺功能,缓解通气困难症状,提高其生活质量。     

Pulmonary function test in traffic police personnel in Pondicherry

Traffic policemen working in the busy traffic signal areas get exposed to the vehicular emissions for years together. The fumes, chemicals and particles present in the emission are reported to be damaging to the lung functions of these individuals. Since there were no data available on the PFT parameters of traffic police personnel of Pondicherry, this study was taken up to assess the effect of traffic air pollution on their pulmonary functions. PFT parameters were recorded in age- and BMI-matched 30 traffic police personnel (study group) and 30 general police personnel (control group) of male gender. As chronic smoking is known to be a critical factor in altering lung function, PFT parameters were compared between the smokers as well as nonsmokers of both the groups. In nonsmokers, there was significant decrease in VC (P < 0.05), FEV1 (P < 0.01), FEF-25 (P < 0.05) and PIF (P < 0.05) in study group compared to the control group. In smokers, there was significant decrease in VC (P < 0.05), FEV1 (P <00001), PEF (P < 0.0001), MVV (P < 0.0001), FEF-25 (P < 0.0001), and PIF (P < 0.01) in study group compared to the control group. These changes indicate restriction to the lung expansion, obstruction and narrowing of the airways in traffic police personnel compared to the general police personnel. This may be due to exposure to vehicular pollution for several hours in a day for many years causing decreased functional capacity of the lungs and chronic smoking worsens the condition.     

噻托溴铵干粉吸入剂与异丙托溴铵定量气雾剂治疗慢性阻塞性肺病近期疗效对比研究

目的 探究与分析噻托溴铵干粉吸入剂与异丙托溴铵定量气雾剂治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的近期疗效.方法 选取本院自2014年6月至2016年6月收治的90例慢性阻塞性肺病患者,采取随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,各45例.对照组给予异丙托溴铵治疗,观察组给予噻托溴铵治疗,对比两组圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分、6 min步行试验(6MWT)、呼吸困难分级指数(MRC)、血氧分压(PaO2)、血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、用力肺活量比预计值(FVC％pred)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV 1％pred)、用力呼气量占用力肺活量比值(FEV1/FVC).结果 与治疗前相比,两组治疗后SGRQ评分及MRC分级降低,6MWT升高,观察组上述指标比对照组改善更显著,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05).与治疗前相比,两组治疗后FVC％pre、FVC、FEV 1％pred、FEV1/FVC、PaO2升高,PaCO2降低,观察组上述指标比对照组改善更显著,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05).结论 相比于异丙托溴铵定量气雾剂,噻托溴铵干粉吸入剂治疗慢性阻塞性肺病可充分发挥更好的支气管扩张作用,缓解临床症状及体征,患者耐受性较好.     

Effects of Ranitidine on pulmonary function tests of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Since the incidence of peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is more common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than normal population, H(2) receptor blockers are given more extensively to COPD patients. This study evaluated the effects of Ranitidine on pulmonary function tests (PFT) of the patients having COPD and peptic ulcer or GER, and of healthy volunteers.Fifty milligrams of Ranitidine was given intravenously to 30 COPD patients and 25 healthy volunteers. PFT were done before and 15, 30, 60, 120min after Ranitidine injection. Although mean forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV(1)) and forced midexpiratory flow rate (FEF(25-75%)) of COPD patients were found to be decreased 60 and 120min after Ranitidine injection, the decrements were statistically insignificant. The decrements in PFT of healthy volunteers were also not statistically significant.H(2) receptor blockers can be used safely for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in COPD patients who have mild or moderate obstruction. Minimal decreases in FEV(1) and FVC due to treatment by H(2) receptor blockers may clinically worsen COPD patients who have severe obstruction.     

布地奈德/福莫特罗吸入剂治疗老年COPD疗效观察

目的：探讨布地奈德/福莫特罗吸入剂吸入治疗对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）稳定期患者生活质量的影响。方法：确诊的72例COPD老年患者随机分为治疗组36例和对照组36例,治疗组予以布地奈德/福莫特罗吸入剂吸入治疗,对照组不进行特殊治疗,均对其进行健康教育,6个月后,对患者肺功能、不良反应的统计分析。结果：治疗前两组间FEV1、FEV1/FVC及FEV1占预计值（%）值无明显差异,治疗组治疗后FEV1、FEV1/FVC及FEV1占预计值（%）值较治疗前均升高,较对照组治疗后各项值也较大,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,对照组治疗前后无明显差异（P〉0.05）;两组不良反应无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论：布地奈德/福莫特罗吸入剂应用于老年COPD患者,可改善肺功能,提高生活质量,降低不良反应,值得临床广泛推广。     

How to achieve good compliance and adherence with inhalation therapy

The correct use of inhaler devices is an inclusion criterion for all studies comparing inhaled treatments. However, in real life patients make many errors when inhaling their medication which may negate the benefits observed in clinical trials. A recently published observational study evaluated inhaler handling in 3811 patients for at least 1 month using the Aerolizer, Autohaler, Diskus, pressurised metered dose inhaler (pMDI) or Turbuhaler devices. Inhalation errors were considered critical if they could have substantially affected drug delivery to the lung. The two most common errors made by patients were device-independent errors and included not breathing out before actuation of the device (28.9%) and failure to breath-hold for a few seconds after inhalation (28.3%). These errors were observed in 40%-47% of patients. The number of patients making at least one error with breath-actuated inhalers was high; with less than 50% of patients inhaling correctly. Seventy-six per cent of patients made at least one error with pMDI compared to 49%-55% with breath-actuated inhalers. With respect to device-dependent errors, the pMDI fared worst with 69% of patients exhibiting at least one error, closely followed by the Turbuhaler (32%) and Autohaler (41%). Critical errors were made by only 11%-12% of patients treated with Aerolizer, Autohaler or Diskus compared to 28% and 32% of patients treated with pMDI and Turbuhaler, respectively. Over-estimation of good inhalation by GPs was maximal for Turbuhaler (24%) and lowest for Autohaler and pMDI (6%). Ninety per cent of GPs felt that participation in the study would improve error detection. Compliance may be improved by educating patients and physicians in the correct use of inhaler devices. Inhalers should be easy to use correctly, and have multiple feedback and control mechanisms which would reduce physician over-estimation of a correct inhalation, allow compliance to be monitored, facilitate patient self-education and give reassurance to patients in the real life setting.     

舒利迭吸入治疗慢性阻塞性肺病疗效评价

目的：观察舒利迭干粉吸入剂治疗慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）患者的疗效。方法：将明确诊断的60例COPD患者随机分为对照组和治疗组。对照组给予抗感染、解痉平喘、祛痰等基础治疗;治疗组在此基础上给予舒利迭50ug／500ug剂型,1吸/次,2次／天,疗程为3＋B。结果：治疗组患者治疗前后症状及体征明显改善,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,对照组则无明显变化。结论：舒利迭能增强患者肺功能．对其咳嗽、咳痰、气促症状以及肺部湿哕音有明显的改善作用。