"Size" and "shape" variables in the presence of covariates: an application to the sudden infant death syndrome

A "size measure independent of shape" is used to investigate differences in "size" and "shape" variables, defined as functions of weight and length at birth, between a random control group and victims of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). At birth, the SIDS group has a lower mean size than the control group. After adjusting for maternal and environmental factors (covariates), there is a lessened but persistent difference in size, suggesting the existence of some undetected factor linked to sudden death in infants.     

C型臂X线机引导下经皮双侧骶髂拉力螺钉固定治疗骶骨H形骨折

目的 探讨骶骨H形骨折可行的治疗方法 .方法 运用C型臂X线机引导下经皮双侧骶髂拉力螺钉固定治疗骶骨H形骨折15例.结果 15例患者均获随访,随访时间7～34个月,骨折临床愈合时间3～5个月,术后均未留下明显行走障碍,下蹲等活动接近正常.结论 在C型臂X线机精确引导下,经皮双侧骶髂拉力螺钉固定技术能有效地固定骶骨H形骨折中的垂直骨折,纠正骨盆垂直方向移位,操作简洁安全,疗效可靠.     

腰椎人字嵴顶点椎弓根螺钉进钉方法的临床应用

目的比较人字嵴顶点进钉点与传统进钉点(Weinstein法)行椎弓根钉内固定的效果.方法采用后路切开椎弓根螺钉系统内固定加植骨术治疗腰椎疾患92例,其中采用传统进钉点(Weinstein法)置钉45例,共186枚钉;采用人字嵴顶点进钉47例,共196枚钉.比较两组置钉的准确性、手术时间、出血量及并发损伤情况.结果所有病例术后均做X线片及CT检查,A组横突法不良置钉率为6.5%,神经血管损害发生率为8.9%,B组人字嵴顶点进钉法不良置钉率为2.0%,神经血管损害发生率为2.1%.两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).B组在置钉准确性、手术时间、出血量等方面明显优于A组横突法.结论腰椎人字嵴顶点进钉技术应用于腰椎弓根钉内固定,具有操作简便、置钉准确、易于掌握、创伤小、手术时间缩短等优点,可有效防止硬膜及神经根的损伤.     

向明星辣妈看齐重塑玲珑曲线

十月怀胎,盯着肚子一天天隆起,心里满是骄傲:从此以后,我就是孩子他妈了!     

Distributional shape of nutrition data

Nutrition data from 111 undergraduate college students (51 males and 60 females, ranging in age from 17 to 24) were studied with respect to the shape of the underlying probability distributions. Three-day averages for total energy, percent protein, percent saturated fat, percent unsaturated fat, percent complex carbohydrates, percent refined carbohydrates, cholesterol, sodium, vitamin C, and iron (measured in milligrams) were computed, and their distributions were compared with the normal (Gaussian) distribution. The distribution of values of sodium for females and, to a lesser extent, cholesterol for females and of cholesterol and vitamin C for males, differed from the normal distribution. The remaining distributions appeared to be reasonably close to normal in shape. It is recommended that nutrition researchers verify the normal distribution assumptions prior to applying parametric techniques to their data and that they use nonparametric (distribution-free) techniques to analyze their data whenever those assumptions are not valid.     

球形识别敏感性

为了了解球形物体的识别机制,我们用一个判定两组包含球形结构的Gabors 2IFC试验来测量其相干性阈值。这种刺激由一组定位于栅格端上定向的Gabor斑组成。采用不同的阵列参数(比如:不同区域,密度,元素的位置和数量)和不同的元素参数(比如:不同的空间传送频率,对比,极性和方向)来获取阈值。当10%的元素的方向一致时,球形结构被识别。阵列特性的改变或是个别元素的改变都不影响阈值的一致性。在个别阵列中不同对比或空间输送频率同样也没有改变识别性能。阵列栅格的位置干扰不能改变其识别敏感性。潜在机制在对比,图像的空间频率和空间位置上进行调制。识别球形结构是一个费力的过程,特别是在纯粹球形的测试中。与放射状和螺旋状相反,环形有着最高的敏感性。     

医用形状记忆合金(SMA)

形状记忆合金（ＳＭＡ）是指具有形状记忆效应的合金材料。具有记忆效应的合金目前已发现２０余种,但具有医用开发前景的只有镍钛（ＴｉＮｉ）形状记忆合金。镍钛形状记忆合金不但具有奇特的形状记忆效应、超弹性及优良的耐磨性,而且具有良好的耐蚀性和组织相容性,因此...     

Body shape concerns among adolescents

The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) is a 34-item self-report questionnaire that measures the degree of body shape dissatisfaction. To date, the BSQ has not been used with adolescents. The present study compared the BSQ scores of five adolescent subject samples: Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Subclinical Bulimia Nervosa (SB), Subdinical Anorexia Nervosa (SA), and non-eating-disordered adolescent females (Q. Results show that patients with BN have the highest levels of body dissatisfaction. All clinical groups had higher BSQ scores than subjects in the comparison sample but only the BN patients had significantly higher scores. The mean BSQ score for the Comparison group was higher than published means for non-eating-disordered adult samples. The two major findings of the study are that significant body shape concerns are particular features of patients with bulimia nervosa but that some body shape concerns are common among non-eating-disordered adolescent females.     

Health dynamics shape life-cycle incomes

This paper empirically investigates the long-run effects of major health improvements on income growth in the United States. To isolate exogenous changes in health, the econometric model uses quasi-experimental variation in cardiovascular disease mortality across states over time. Based on data for the white population, the results show that there is a causal link between health and income per person, and they provide novel evidence that health dynamics shape life-cycle incomes. Life-cycle income profiles slope more strongly at the beginning and at the end of work life in 2000 than in 1960, indicating that age becomes a more prominent determinant of income dynamics over this period. The channels for this transformation include better health, higher educational attainment, and changing labor supply.