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1.
Junya Sado Tetsuhisa Kitamura Yuri Kitamura Ling Zha Rong Liu Tomotaka Sobue Yoshikazu Nishino Hideo Tanaka Tomio Nakayama Ichiro Tsuji Hidemi Ito Takaichiro Suzuki Kota Katanoda Suketami Tominaga 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2017,27(4):193-199
Background
We reutilized the existing Three-Prefecture Cohort to evaluate the relationship between lifestyle factors and the incidence or mortality from non-communicable diseases.Methods
This study was a prospective population-based observation conducted from the 1980s to 2000 in three prefectures (Miyagi, Aichi, and Osaka) in Japan. The study subjects were residents aged ≥40 years who received a questionnaire. The follow-up period was 15 years from the baseline survey in each study area. A self-administered questionnaire, which included items on participants' demographic factors and lifestyle characteristics, was administered. Vital status and date of death were collected from residence certificates by the local government, and cause of death was identified using vital statistics. Cancer incidence and the date of diagnosis were collected from local cancer registry data.Results
A total of 46,421 men and 54,189 women were eligible for our analysis. The person-years of follow-up for cancer incidence were 464,664 and 567,271 for men and women, respectively, and those for death were 527,940 and 648,601 for men and women, respectively. There were 8479 cancer incidences (5106 men and 3373 women) and 20,240 total deaths (11,156 men and 9084 women). The stomach was the most common cancer incidence site for both men (25.6%) and women (18.6%). The leading cause of death was cancer among men (35.0%) and cardiovascular disease among women (41.0%).Conclusions
The Three-Prefecture Cohort Study enabled us to reveal the association of multiphasic lifestyle factors with cancer incidence and mortality. The study will also allow us to conduct a pooled analysis in combination with other large-scale cohorts. 相似文献2.
Purpose
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Many lifestyle factors have been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer incidence and mortality. An index-based approach to analyzing adherence to American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines as a whole may better explain associations between lifestyle variables and breast cancer incidence and mortality.Methods
We created an index based on American Cancer Society–specific guidelines, including body mass index (BMI), physical activity, alcohol intake, tobacco use, daily time spent watching television, and certain dietary habits. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the association between the lifestyle index and primary breast cancer and breast cancer–specific mortality in the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) cohort.Results
We identified 7088 women with incident breast cancer, 1162 deaths overall, and 462 deaths due to breast cancer. Compared with the lowest quintile of lifestyle index score (meeting fewest guidelines), women in the highest quintile had a 24% lower risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.82) and 37% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.76), while the association with breast cancer-specific mortality was nonsignificant.Conclusions
Healthier prediagnosis lifestyle is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer and all-cause mortality in the NIH-AARP cohort. 相似文献3.
Purpose
To quantify the age-dependent next-generation matrix (NGM) for the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic and forecast the age-stratified cumulative incidence in Japan.Methods
Using a renewal equation model that describes the time evolution of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, we derive the likelihood function to estimate parameters of the NGM and reporting coverage. Comparing the Akaike Information Criterion of models using empirically observed data from the 2009 pandemic in Gifu, Japan, we excluded redundant parameters and identified the three best models that were parameterized in different ways.Results
The initial proportions of susceptible populations were suggested as redundant information to be inferred. The three models selected successfully captured the order of the age-dependent cumulative incidence. We found that the time required for reliable estimation of age-dependent cumulative incidence was at least 180 days.Conclusions
To forecast the age-dependent cumulative incidence reliably following the estimation of the NGM and reporting coverage, we need empirically observed data for more than 5 months from the start of the epidemic, which is likely to be after the peak. To increase the practical efficacy in forecasting the cumulative incidence, additional data and approaches are required. 相似文献4.
Adam Whitworth 《Disability and health journal》2018,11(4):568-575
Background
Health-related unemployment is a major issue across advanced economies. Modified versions of well-evidenced Individual Placement and Support (IPS) models of employment support for health cohorts offer considerable potential. A significant gap currently however is the lack of evidence around their financial return on investment.Objective/Hypothesis
To provide robust financial return on investment estimates for analytically derived alternative specifications of modified IPS services for the first time in the literature, sensitivity tested across various levels of performance.Methods
Brings together modelled cost and savings estimates based on best available evidence to deliver modelled return on investment estimates.Results
The modelled estimates show that well-designed modified IPS services can deliver financial savings whilst tackling health-related unemployment, even at higher average unit costs than are typically considered viable in some national contexts.Conclusions
Modified IPS services offer a viable route to delivering enhanced employment outcomes for individuals with health conditions and disabilities and financial savings for governments. 相似文献5.
Yangbo Sun Wei Bao Buyun Liu Bette J. Caan Dorothy S. Lane Amy E. Millen Michael S. Simon Cynthia A. Thomson Lesley F. Tinker Linda V. Van Horn Mara Z. Vitolins Linda G. Snetselaar 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(10):1855-1863.e6
Background
Lifestyle factors are important for cancer survival. However, empirical evidence regarding the effects of dietary changes on mortality in breast cancer survivors is sparse.Objective
The objective was to examine the associations of changes in overall diet quality, indicated by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010 score, with mortality in breast cancer survivors.Design
This was a prospective cohort study from September 1993 through September 30, 2015.Participants/setting
This study included 2,295 postmenopausal women who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and completed a food frequency questionnaire both before and after the diagnosis of breast cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative.Main outcome measures
The HEI-2010 score (maximum score of 100) was calculated based on consumption of 12 dietary components. The outcomes were mortality from all causes, breast cancer, and causes other than breast cancer.Statistical analyses performed
Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios of mortality from all causes, breast cancer, and other causes.Results
Over 12 years of follow-up, 763 deaths occurred. Compared with women with relatively stable diet quality (±14.9% change in HEI-2010 score), women who decreased diet quality (≥15% decrease in HEI-2010 score) had a higher risk of death from breast cancer (adjusted hazard ratio 1.66, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.52). Increased diet quality (≥15% increase in HEI-2010 score) was not significantly associated with lower risk of death. These associations persisted after additional adjustment for change in body mass index.Conclusions
Among women with breast cancer, decreased diet quality after breast cancer diagnosis was associated with higher risk of death from breast cancer. 相似文献6.
Carla P. Bezold Rachel F. Banay Brent A. Coull Jaime E. Hart Peter James Laura D. Kubzansky Stacey A. Missmer Francine Laden 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(4):213-219
Purpose
Exposure to nature, particularly vegetation (greenness), may be beneficial for mental health. We investigated whether higher surrounding greenness in early life was associated with subsequent reduced risk of depressive symptoms and whether this association was modified by age, sex, or population density.Methods
Participants from the Growing Up Today Study were included if they reported on depressive symptoms between 1999 and 2013. Greenness exposure was characterized as the cumulative average normalized difference vegetation index value (1000 m resolution) from 1989 until 2 years before outcome assessment or age 18 based on geocoded addresses. We defined high depressive symptoms as the top 10% of scores on the McKnight Risk Factor Survey or the Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression scale, depending on the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for socioeconomic status and other confounders.Results
There was a 6% lower incidence of high depressive symptoms associated with an interquartile range increase in greenness (95% confidence interval, 11%–0%). This relationship was stronger in higher population density areas (>1000 people/mi2, 8% lower incidence, 95% confidence interval 15%–1%).Conclusions
Living in an area with greater surrounding greenness during childhood may be beneficial for mental health, particularly in more urban areas. 相似文献7.
John E. Morley Hidenori Arai Li Cao Birong Dong Reshma A. Merchant Bruno Vellas Renuka Visvanathan Jean Woo 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2017,18(6):489-494
Background
Although the older population is increasing worldwide, there is a marked deficit in the number of persons trained in geriatrics. It is now recognized that early detection and treatment of geriatric syndromes (frailty, sarcopenia, anorexia of aging, and cognitive decline) will delay or avert the development of disability.Objectives
To identify simple screening programs available for primary health professionals to identify geriatric syndromes.Data sources
PubMed for the last 5 years and study authors.Results
A number of screening programs for early detection of geriatric syndromes have been developed for use by primary care health providers, for example, EasyCare, Gérontopôle Frailty Screening Tool, the Rapid Geriatric Assessment, the Kihon Checklist, and others.Limitations
This is an evolving area with limited information on the outcomes of intervention and possible harms.Conclusion
Validated screening programs exist but more work is required to determine their utility in improving outcomes of older persons. 相似文献8.
Purpose
Current literature shows different findings on the contemporary trends of distant-stage prostate cancer incidence, in part, due to low study population coverage and wide age groupings. This study aimed to examine the stage-specific incidence rates and trends of prostate cancer by age (5-year grouping), race, and ethnicity using nationwide cancer registry data.Methods
Data on prostate cancer cases came from the 2004–2014 United States Cancer Statistics data set. We calculated stage-specific incidence and 95% confidence intervals by age (5-year age grouping), race, and ethnicity. To measure the changes in rates over time, we calculated annual percentage change (APC).Results
We identified 2,137,054 incident prostate cancers diagnosed during 2004–2014, with an age-adjusted incidence rate of 453.8 per 100,000. Distant-stage prostate cancer incidence significantly decreased during 2004–2010 (APC = ?1.2) and increased during 2010–2014 (APC = 3.3). Significant increases in distant prostate cancer incidence also occurred in men aged older than or equal to 50 years except men aged 65–74 and older than or equal to 85 years, in men with white race (APC = 3.9), and non-Hispanic ethnicity (APC = 3.5).Conclusions
Using data representing over 99% of U.S. population, we found that incidence rates of distant-stage prostate cancer significantly increased during 2010–2014 among men in certain ages, in white, and with non-Hispanic ethnicity. 相似文献9.
Jihye Park Brenna E. Blackburn Kerry Rowe John Snyder Yuan Wan Vikrant Deshmukh Michael Newman Alison Fraser Ken Smith Kim Herget Lindsay Burt Theresa Werner David K. Gaffney Ana Maria Lopez Kathi Mooney Mia Hashibe 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(6):377-384
Purpose
To investigate rural-metropolitan disparities in ovarian cancer survival, we assessed ovarian cancer mortality and differences in prognostic factors by rural-metropolitan residence.Methods
The Utah Population Database was used to identify ovarian cancer cases diagnosed between 1997 and 2012. Residential location information at the time of cancer diagnosis was used to stratify rural-metropolitan residence. All-cause death and ovarian cancer death risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models.Results
Among 1661 patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer, 11.8% were living in rural counties of Utah. Although ovarian cancer patients residing in rural counties had different characteristics compared with metropolitan residents, we did not observe an association between rural residence and risk of all-cause nor ovarian cancer–specific death after adjusting for confounders. However, among rural residents, ovarian cancer mortality risk was very high in older age at diagnosis and for mucinous carcinoma, and low in overweight at baseline.Conclusions
Rural residence was not significantly associated with the risk of ovarian cancer death. Nevertheless, patients residing in rural-metropolitan areas had different factors affecting the risk of all-cause mortality and cancer-specific death. Further research is needed to quantify how mortality risk can differ by residential location accounting for degree of health care access and lifestyle-related factors. 相似文献10.
Ashlea Braun James Portner Elizabeth M. Grainger Emily B. Hill Gregory S. Young Steven K. Clinton Colleen K. Spees 《Journal of nutrition education and behavior》2018,50(1):19-32.e1
Objective
Determine the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of tele-Motivational Interviewing (MI) for overweight cancer survivors.Design
Six-month nonrandomized phase 2 clinical trial.Setting
Urban garden and remote platforms.Participants
Overweight and obese cancer survivors post active treatment.Intervention
Remote tele-MI from a trained registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN).Main Outcome Measures
Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy.Analysis
Groups were stratified as users and nonusers based on tele-MI use. Qualitative survey data and remote MI interaction logs were analyzed for trends. Two-sample t tests were performed to assess pre-post intervention changes in physical activity and dietary behaviors, quality of life, self-efficacy, and clinical biomarkers.Results
A total of 29 participants completed the intervention. There were 17 tele-MI users (59%) and 12 nonusers (41%). Users were primarily female (88%), breast cancer survivors (59%), college educated (82%), with a mean age of 58 years. Users set 50% more goals, lost more weight (4.8 vs 2.6 kg), significantly improved quality of life (P = .03), and trended more positively in clinical biomarkers (eg, cholesterol, blood pressure) than did nonusers.Conclusions and Implications
Findings from this study indicate that tele-MI is a feasible and acceptable intervention for overweight cancer survivors after active therapy. Larger randomized trials are needed to establish efficacy and generalizability to a variety of demographic populations. 相似文献11.
Purpose
To explore the heterogeneous transmission dynamics for influenza and identify the optimal serum antibody titer cutoff values for estimating its cumulative incidence.Methods
We constructed a mathematical model describing serologically dependent disease transmission. The diagnostic performances of two serum antibody titer tests (single serum test and paired sera test) were evaluated, and cumulative disease incidence estimators were formulated. The model simulated the 2009 Japanese influenza A/H1N1 epidemic and investigated the optimal cutoff values and cumulative incidence estimates for this epidemic.Results
Our assumed model and parameters suggested that the optimal cutoffs for A/H1N1 influenza were 1:20 for the single serum test and a 2-fold increase for the paired sera test. Using these optimal cutoff values, the paired sera test was the most reliable. The cumulative incidence estimate for the pre- and post-epidemic serological data showed that the paired serological data were also more accurately predictive.Conclusions
From a statistical perspective, the currently used cutoff values may be too strict for diagnosing influenza and estimating its incidence. The paired sera test, which was more accurate for diagnosis and cumulative incidence estimation, is the test recommended for seroepidemiological surveillance during an epidemic. 相似文献12.
Paul D. Loprinzi Megan M. Danzl Elizabeth Ulanowski Calli Paydo 《Disability and health journal》2018,11(1):165-168
Background
Few studies have examined the association between daily physical activity and cognitive function among older adults with Parkinson's disease (PD).Objective
Here we evaluate the association between accelerometer-assessed physical activity and cognition among older patients with PD.Methods
Cognition assessed via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed via accelerometry over a 1–2 week monitoring period.Results
After adjusting for motor impairment severity, for every 1 min/day increase in MVPA, participants had a 0.09 unit increase in MoCA-determined cognitive function (β = 0.09; 95% CI: ?0.003–0.19; P = 0.05). When further adjusting for motor impairment, age and gender, results were unchanged (β = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.004–0.19; P = 0.04).Conclusion
The present study provides suggestive evidence of a favorable association between daily physical activity behavior and cognitive function among adults with PD. 相似文献13.
Kota Tsutsumimoto Takehiko Doi Hyuma Makizako Ryo Hotta Sho Nakakubo Minji Kim Satoshi Kurita Takao Suzuki Hiroyuki Shimada 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2018,19(6):504-510
Objectives
To examine the association between each type of frailty status and the incidence rate of depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults.Design
Prospective cohort study.Setting
General communities in Japan.Participants
Participants comprised 3538 older Japanese adults.Measurements
We assessed our participants in terms of frailty status (physical frailty, cognitive impairment, and social frailty), depressive symptoms (geriatric depression scale ≥6), and other covariates, and excluded those who showed evidence of depression. Then, after a 4-year interval, we again assessed the participants for depressive symptoms. Physical frailty was defined by the Fried criteria, showing 1 or more of these were physical frailty. To screen for cognitive impairment, receiving a score below an age-education adjusted reference threshold in 1 or more tests was cognitive impairment. Finally, social frailty was defined using 5 questions, and those who answered positively to 1 or more of these were considered to have social frailty.Results
After multiple imputations, the incidence rate of depressive symptoms after 4 years of follow-up was 7.2%. The incidence rates of depressive symptoms for each frailty status were as follows: 9.6% for physical frailty vs 4.6% without, 9.3% for cognitive impairment vs 6.5% without, and 12.0% for social frailty vs 5.1% without. Finally, through the application of multivariable logistic regression analysis, the incidence of depressive symptoms was found to have a significant association with social frailty (odds ratio 1.55; 95% confidence interval 1.10–2.20) but not with physical frailty or cognitive impairment.Conclusions
This study revealed that social frailty, in comparison with physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is more strongly associated with incidences of depressive symptoms among elderly. 相似文献14.
Denise M. Danos Tekeda F. Ferguson Neal R. Simonsen Claudia Leonardi Qingzhao Yu Xiao-Cheng Wu Richard A. Scribner 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(5):316-321.e2
Purpose
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to demonstrate racial disparities in incidence and survival in the United States. This study investigates the role of neighborhood concentrated disadvantage in racial disparities in CRC incidence in Louisiana.Methods
Louisiana Tumor Registry and U.S. Census data were used to assess the incidence of CRC diagnosed in individuals 35 years and older between 2008 and 2012. Neighborhood concentrated disadvantage index (CDI) was calculated based on the PhenX Toolkit protocol. The incidence of CRC was modeled using multilevel binomial regression with individuals nested within neighborhoods.Results
Our study included 10,198 cases of CRC. Adjusting for age and sex, CRC risk was 28% higher for blacks than whites (risk ratio [RR] = 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22–1.33). One SD increase in CDI was associated with 14% increase in risk for whites (RR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.10–1.18) and 5% increase for blacks (RR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.02–1.09). After controlling for differential effects of CDI by race, racial disparities were not observed in disadvantaged areas.Conclusion
CRC incidence increased with neighborhood disadvantage and racial disparities diminished with mounting disadvantage. Our results suggest additional dimensions to racial disparities in CRC outside of neighborhood disadvantage that warrants further research. 相似文献15.
Mengting Xu Lesley Richardson Sally Campbell Javier Pintos Jack Siemiatycki 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(6):385-391
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe time trends in response rates in case-control studies of cancer and identify study design factors that influence response rate.Methods
We reviewed 370 case-control studies of cancer published in 12 journals during indicator years in each of the last four decades. We estimated time trends of response rates and reasons for nonresponse in each of the following types of study subjects: cases, medical source controls, and population controls. We also estimated response rates according to characteristics of study context.Results
Median response rates among cases and population controls were between 75% and 80% in the 1970s. Between 1971 and 2010, study response rates declined by 0.31% per year for cases and 0.78% for population controls. Only a minority of studies reported reasons for nonparticipation; subject refusal was the most common reported reason. Studies conducted in North America had lower median response rates than studies conducted in Europe. In-person and telephone interviews elicited higher response rates than mail questionnaires.Conclusions
Response rates from case-control studies of cancer have declined, and this could threaten the validity of results derived from these studies. 相似文献16.
Solveig A. Cunningham Shivani A. Patel Gloria L. Beckles Linda S. Geiss Neil Mehta Hui Xie Giuseppina Imperatore 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(1):20-25.e2
Purpose
Health and administrative systems are facing spatial clustering in chronic diseases such as diabetes. This study explores how geographic distribution of diabetes in the United States is associated with socioeconomic and built environment characteristics and health-relevant policies.Methods
We compiled nationally representative county-level data from multiple data sources. We standardized characteristics to a mean = 0 and a SD = 1 and modeled county-level age-adjusted diagnosed diabetes incidence in 2013 using 2-level hierarchical linear regression.Results
Incidence of age-standardized diagnosed diabetes in 2013 varied across U.S. counties (n = 3109), ranging from 310 to 2190 new cases/100,000, with an average of 856.4/100,000. Socioeconomic and health-related characteristics explained ～42% of the variation in diabetes incidence across counties. After accounting for other characteristics, counties with higher unemployment, higher poverty, and longer commutes had higher incidence rates than counties with lower levels. Counties with more exercise opportunities, access to healthy food, and primary care physicians had fewer diabetes cases.Conclusions
Features of the socioeconomic and built environment were associated with diabetes incidence; identifying the salient modifiable features of counties can inform targeted policies to reduce diabetes incidence. 相似文献17.
Meenakshi Patel Karl Steinberg Manuel Suarez-Barcelo Dana Saffel Rick Foley Chad Worz 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2017,18(6):553.e17-553.e22
Introduction
The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in post-acute/long-term care (PA/LTC) settings is high, and many patients do not receive guideline-recommended care.Methods
An interprofessional expert panel of PA/LTC professionals convened to discuss the unmet medical needs in patients with COPD in PA/LTC settings, and to make recommendations for the assessment of COPD patients to individualize the selection of maintenance treatment.Results
Unmet needs observed in patients with COPD are described in addition to new tools for assessing individual patient abilities and appropriate device selection for maintenance treatment.Conclusion
COPD management in PA/LTC settings needs to be reevaluated and updated to help reduce exacerbations, hospitalizations, and readmissions. 相似文献18.
Purpose
The population attributable fraction (AF) is frequently used to quantify disease burden attributable to exposures. AF is interpreted as the fractional reduction of disease events that would occur if exposures were eliminated. This article aims to provide a decomposition of the overall AF for two exposures into AFs for each of two exposures and AF for their interaction, using potential outcomes framework.Methods
We provide the decomposition formula with and without confounders. We discuss an estimation method using standard regression models. We also show that these AFs without confounders can be effectively visualized.Results
By a numerical comparison, we show that our decomposition is different from a previous decomposition, which does not have a causal interpretation if confounding exists. We illustrate the proposed decomposition using a large prospective cohort study data.Conclusions
When the primary exposure cannot be modifiable, the interventional interpretation of AF is difficult. Even then, if there exists an interaction between the exposure and another modifiable exposure, our decomposition can show what extent of the effect of the primary exposure can be eliminated by intervening on the modifiable exposure. 相似文献19.
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