阿托伐他汀治疗高脂血症的临床观察

目的观察阿托伐他汀治疗高脂血症的疗效及安全性。方法将78例高脂血症患者随机分为两组:治疗组40例,每晚餐前口服阿托伐他汀20mg,对照组38例,每晚餐前口服辛伐他汀20mg,持续8周,观察服药前及服药第8周血脂指标(TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C)、肝、肾功能、肌酸激酶、心电图等变化及不良反应。结果治疗后TC、TG、LDL-C及HDL-C水平与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);同时还观察到心电图较用药前均有不同程度的改善,且无明显不良反应。结论阿托伐他汀有明显的降低TC、LDL-C、TG和升高HDL-C的作用,并能使冠心病患者的心电图改善,且不良反应轻微,使用安全。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者应用依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀治疗的临床研究

目的:观察依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血脂及心脏事件的影响,并对其安全性评价。方法:回顾性分析北京安贞医院2010年1月至2010年12月间,住院的ACS患者236例,其中应用依折麦布(10 mg/d)联合阿托伐他汀(10 mg/d)治疗的患者81例(A组),应用阿托伐他汀(20 mg/d)治疗的患者155例(B组),治疗8 w后,比较两组患者治疗前后hs-CRP、LDL-C、TC、TG及HDL-C的变化,心脏事件以及不良反应发生率。结果:两组患者基线资料、治疗期间腹胀等不良反应及病死率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗8w后,A组hs-CRP、LDL-C、TC值、再发心绞痛及再发心肌梗死比例显著低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对ACS患者联合应用阿托伐他汀与依折麦布显著降低hs-CRP、LDL-C、TC水平及心脏事件发生率,且不增加不良反应,安全有效。     

依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀对老年急性冠脉综合征病人的影响

目的通过对比依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀与单独使用阿托伐他汀治疗老年急性冠脉综合征对病人血脂、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶(LP-PLA2)以及高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的影响,分析依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀的应用价值。方法将我院2013年1月至2015年12月期间收治的90例老年急性冠脉综合征病人作为研究对象,分为对照组和试验组,每组各45例,对照组给予阿托伐他汀治疗,试验组给予依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀治疗,比较2组病人治疗前后的血脂、LP-PLA2以及hs-CRP等指标变化。结果 2组病人治疗前总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)等血脂指标比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后2组TC、TG、HDL-C以及LDL-C等血脂指标比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);2组治疗前后TC、TG以及LDL-C比较,差异亦具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前2组病人LP-PLA2和hs-CRP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后2组LP-PLA2以及hs-CRP水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组内治疗前后LP-PLA2以及hs-CRP水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。试验组病人治疗后的总不良反应发生率为4.4%,对照组病人治疗后的总不良反应发生率为6.7%,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀治疗老年急性冠脉综合征可有效降低病人的LP-PLA2、hs-CRP等指标水平,且不良反应发生率低,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

老年患者应用不同类型他汀类药物的疗效及安全性评价

目的观察不同剂量和类型他汀类药物在老年高脂血症患者中应用的疗效与安全性。方法回顾性分析456例老年高脂血症患者服用他汀类药物情况,根据服药情况分为:阿托伐他汀组(169例)、辛伐他汀组(110例)、普伐他汀组(137例)和氟伐他汀组(40例);又根据《中国成人血脂异常防治指南》将患者分为中危(41例)、高危(232例)和极高危(183例)。观察治疗8周后血脂水平及不良反应。结果与治疗前比较,阿托伐他汀组、辛伐他汀组、普伐他汀组和氟伐他汀组治疗8周后血清TC、LDL-C水平均明显降低(P0.05,P0.01)。4组治疗前后血清TG水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。阿托伐他汀组、辛伐他汀组治疗8周后血清TC、LDL-C变化率与普伐他汀组、氟伐他汀组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。各组中高危患者服用标准剂量他汀类药物治疗后,LDL-C达标率均在80%以上,极高危患者达标率为44.1%～55.7%。结论多数老年高脂血症患者服用小剂量和(或)标准剂量他汀类药物血脂即可达标。且治疗安全性好,无严重不良反应发生。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布治疗高脂血症的效果

目的探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布治疗高脂血症的疗效。方法 400例高脂血症患者采用数字随机分组方法分为4组,每组100例,其中对照组给予阿托伐他汀20 mg/d治疗,治疗Ⅰ组给予阿托伐他汀5 mg/d联合依折麦布10 mg/d治疗,治疗Ⅱ组给予阿托伐他汀10 mg/d联合依折麦布10 mg/d治疗,治疗Ⅲ组给予阿托伐他汀20 mg/d联合依折麦布10 mg/d治疗,于降脂治疗后3、6、12个月测定血脂4项总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的变化水平。结果(1)4个组治疗后3、6、12个月后LDL-C、TG、TC水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05)。治疗后同一时间点:治疗Ⅲ组较对照、治疗Ⅰ组、治疗Ⅱ组3组LDL-C、TG、TC水平下调(P<0.05);4组间HDL-C上调水平无统计学差异(P>0.05);对照组、治疗Ⅰ组间LDL-C、TG、TC、HDL-C水平未见明显差异(P>0.05)。治疗后12个月,治疗Ⅱ组较对照、治疗Ⅰ组两组LDL-C、TG、TC水平下调具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗Ⅱ组、治疗Ⅲ组HDL-C上调具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4组不良反应发生率。结论 20 mg阿托伐他汀联合10 mg依折麦布组患者的降脂效果明显优于单用20 mg阿托伐他汀组及小剂量阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布低剂量组,且不良反应的发生率无明显增加,安全性较好。     

国产瑞舒伐他汀与国产阿托伐他汀治疗高脂血症疗效的对比研究

目的 对比研究国产瑞舒伐他汀与国产阿托伐他汀治疗高脂血症的临床疗效.方法 将123例高脂血症患者随机分为A组、B组、C组.A组44例,给予国产瑞舒伐他汀钙片5 mg/d;B组40例,给予国产阿托伐他汀钙片10 mg/d,C组39例,给予国产阿托伐他汀钙片20 mg/d.3组共治疗12周,观察其调脂疗效和安全性.结果 治疗后,3组患者总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白B(apoB)、非高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、LDL-C/HDL-C、apoB/apoAI均呈下降趋势(P<0.05);HDL-C、载脂蛋白AI(apoAI)、脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]未见明显变化(P>0.05).组间比较,A组的TC、LDL-C、apoB、apoB/apoAI水平降低较B组明显(P<0.0167),TG、非HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C差异无统计学意义(P>0.0167);B组与C组比较,C组的TC、LDL-C、apoB、非HDL-C、apoB/apoAI水平降低较B组明显(P<0.0167),TG、LDL-C/HDL-C差异无统计学意义(P>0.0167);A组与C组比较,TC、TG、LDL-C、apoB、非HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C、apoB/apoAI差异均无统计学意义(P>0.0167).观察期间三组均无不良反应及心血管事件发生.结论 国产瑞舒伐他汀5 mg较国产阿托伐他汀10 mg有更强的调脂作用,与国产阿托伐他汀20 mg调脂效果相当,疗效确切,且安全性好.     

阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布治疗混合型高脂血症的临床观察

目的观察阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布治疗混合型高脂血症的疗效和安全性。方法选取100例混合型高脂血症病人单用阿托伐他汀(20mg/d)治疗1个月后血脂不达标的30例病人为研究对象,观察接受阿托伐他汀(20mg/d)联合依折麦布(5mg/d)治疗后的血脂情况和不良反应发生情况。结果与治疗前相比,阿托伐他汀单用组和阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布治疗组总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均降低,而HDL-C差异无统计学意义。两组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、肌酸激酶(CK)比较差异无统计学意义。阿托伐他汀单用组调脂幅度:TC下降25%,LDL-C下降30%,TG下降30%;阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布治疗组在阿托伐他汀降脂基础上,TC下降35.9%,LDL-C下降39%,TG下降51.4%。两组不良反应均很轻微和少见。结论阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布治疗混合型高脂血症可以明显降低TC、LDL-C和TG,且不良反应轻微,耐受性好。     

氟伐他汀和辛伐他汀对急性冠脉综合征患者调脂疗效及安全性的对比研究

目的比较氟伐他汀和辛伐他汀对急性冠脉综合征患者的调脂疗效及安全性。方法将60例急性冠脉综合征患者随机分成辛伐他汀组（A组,辛伐他汀20mg,每晚1次）和氟伐他汀组（B组,氟伐他汀40mg,每晚1次）,服药前及服药4、8周测定总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、三酰甘油（TG）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）,并随访1年,记录主要心血管事件及药物不良反应。结果 （1）治疗4、8周后两组TC、LDL-C、TG均明显降低（P〈0.05）。（2）两组疗效差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。（3）两组均能降低主要心脑血管事件发生率,组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。（4）两组药物相关不良反应发生率低,疗效差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论氟伐他汀和辛伐他汀均能明显降低急性冠脉综合征患者的TC、LDL-C、TG水平,疗效和不良反应无差异,具有良好的安全性。     

阿托伐他汀治疗原发性高脂血症疗效观察

目的评价阿托伐他汀的调脂作用和安全性.方法60例原发性高脂血症病人,随机分为两组:阿托伐他汀组30例,给予阿托伐他汀10 mg/d,展起顿服;辛伐他汀组30例,给予辛伐他汀20 mg/d,睡前顿服.均治疗8周,观察降脂疗效和不良反应.结果阿托伐他汀组:总胆固醇(TC)下降30.72%;低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)下降39.44%,(TC-HDL-C)/HDL-C下降44.7%.各项指标治疗前后比较有统计学意义(P均＜0.001).与辛伐他汀组比较,治疗后各项指标下降幅度均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论阿托伐他汀可降低TC、LDL-C、(TC-HDL-C)/HDC-C、TG指标,与辛伐他汀作用相似,且不良反应轻微,可用于高胆固醇血症的治疗.     

不同剂量他汀类药物短期治疗后降脂效果及不良反应研究

目的探讨不同剂量他汀类药物短期治疗后降脂疗效的差异,他汀类血药浓度与降脂疗效以及药物不良反应的关系。方法连续入选2010年8月至2011年4月于北京大学人民医院心内科住院治疗且近期未服用他汀类药物的高胆固醇血症患者153例,按随机数字表法分为4组,分别给予辛伐他汀20 mg、40 mg、阿托伐他汀10 mg、20 mg降脂治疗。测量治疗前及治疗1周后晨起空腹血脂水平及治疗1周后血药浓度血脂水平,同时观察治疗期间药物不良反应。结果不同剂量的辛伐他汀与阿托伐他汀用药1周均能有效降低TC及LDL-C水平(均为P<0.01)。与辛伐他汀10 mg组相比,辛伐他汀20 mg组的LDL-C及TC的下降幅度增加了7.1%和3.3%(P=0.156,P=0.104);与阿托伐他汀10 mg组相比,阿托伐他汀20 mg组的LDL-C及TC的下降幅度增加了1.5%和0.5%(P=0.352,P=0.259)。所有高危患者组较极高危患者组的LDL-C达标率更高(71.0%比32.8%,P<0.001)。不同剂量的辛伐他汀与阿托伐他汀用药1周后血药浓度比较,差异均无统计学意义,阿托伐他汀10 mg组的血药浓度与LDL-C下降幅度相关(均为P<0.05)。辛伐他汀与阿托伐他汀的血药浓度与药物不良反应无相关性。结论临床常规剂量范围内,不同剂量的辛伐他汀及阿托伐他汀短期治疗均能有效降低血脂水平。辛伐他汀及阿托伐他汀的血药浓度与药物不良反应无相关性。     

Satisfaction with ambulatory care of persons with AIDS

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of patient characteristics and site of care to the perception of ambulatory care quality by persons with AIDS (PWAs). DESIGN: Patient surveys and medical record review were used to determine PWAs’ perceptions of their ambulatory care, self-perceived health status, primary care relationships, sociodemographic characteristics, and severity of illness. SETTING: A public-hospital HIV clinic, an academic group practice, and a staff-model health maintenance organization (HMO) that together care for 20% of all Massachusetts PWAs. PATIENTS: All active patients as of February 12, 1990, and all new AIDS patients at each of the three sites during the subsequent 13 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN BESULTS: The primary outcome measure was a six-item scale of patient-rated quality of care (PRQC), a newly developed measure that combined patients’ ratings of their physician care, nursing care, involvement in medical decisions, and overall quality of care. Multiple logistic regression was carried out with low PRQC (lowest quart He) as the dependent variable, to identify correlates of patient perceptions of poor quality. Patients who had a primary nurse were significantly less likely to have low PRQC scores (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.97). Black patients and patients who used injection drugs were significantly more likely to rate their care in the lowest quartile (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.04 to 4.78; and OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.13 to 5.23, respectively), as were those who had lower self-perceived health status, after controlling for confounders; no association was found by site or severity. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that primary nursing may be an important determinant of how PWAs rate the quality of their ambulatory care. Furthermore, PWAs who are black or who are injection drug users are less satisfied than are others with the quality of their ambulatory AIDS care. Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, April 30, 1993, Arlington, Virginia. Supported by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, grant number HS06239.     

分析老年糖尿病患者应用甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗的效果

目的探讨甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖在老年糖尿病患者中的临床疗效。方法选取该院2018年7月—2019年7月收治的113例老年糖尿病患者作为研究对象,经随机数字表法,划分A组(n=56,阿卡波糖)和B组(n=57,甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖),比较两组临床疗效、血糖指标。结果B组患者临床治疗总有效率显著高于A组;经治疗,B组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平明显低于A组。两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在老年糖尿病患者中应用甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖,临床疗效显著,使患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等指标得到了明显改善,安全性强。     

Treatment of patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome with Bosentan

We treated prospectively 14 patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome, with a mean age of 10 years, ranging from 3 to 18 years. Treatment continued for 12 months, and demonstrated a lasting symptomatic improvement, but no improvement in terms of mean saturation of oxygen over 24 hours. Exercise capacity, as judged by peak uptake of oxygen, worsened in the six patients able to perform a treadmill test. The symptomatic benefit from dual blockage of endothelin receptors in these patients may be due to mechanisms other than selective pulmonary vasodilatation alone.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

小剂量垂体后叶素合并硝酸甘油治疗咯血

目的评价小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油治疗咯血的疗效及不良反应。方法将50例咯血患者随机分为两组,治疗组在常规治疗基础上（n=26）应用小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油;对照组（n=24）在常规治疗基础上仅应用小剂量垂体后叶素。分析其疗效及不良反应。结果48小时后治疗组有效率96.15％（25／26）,对照组有效率58.33％（14／24）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.012）;治疗组对血压影响小,无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,对照组能引起血压升高的副作用（P〈0.05）;治疗组出现头晕头痛、胸闷、心悸、腹痛、腹泻、恶心呕吐、出汗、面色苍白等不良反应比对照组少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油治疗中量咯血比垂体后叶素单药治疗中量咯血疗效明显提高,且能减少垂体后叶素不良反应。     

Complications associated with the treatment of haemophiliacs with inhibitors

To examine the safety profile of products used to treat inhibitor patients unresponsive to factor VIII, a review of published clinical experience was performed. The products evaluated were activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCCs), such as AUTOPLEX® T, porcine factor VIII and recombinant activated factor VII (rVIIa). Safety characteristics included potential for transmission of infectious agents, anamnesis, thrombogenicity, thrombocytopenia and allergic reactions. While viral transmission has been virtually eliminated, the risk is theoretically higher with plasma-derived products such as aPCC and porcine factor VIII than with rVIIa, although contamination of cultured cells is a concern. Anamnesis occurs with aPCCs and porcine factor VIII, and may induce resistance to further therapy with porcine factor VIII. Thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are very infrequently reported in patients exposed to aPCCs and rVIIa, and never with porcine factor VIII. The latter is occasionally associated with thrombocytopenia, but this uncommonly limits treatment with this agent. Lastly, allergic reactions occur with about equal frequency with all products, but anaphylaxis is mainly a concern after administration of porcine factor VIII. In conclusion, products currently available are reasonably safe. Considerations such as efficacy, availability, ease of administration and cost must also be considered in making treatment choices.