磷[~（32）P]核素示踪家兔经脉循行路线的实验研究

目的在家兔经脉循行路线宏观显示基础上,进一步进行细胞水平的研究。方法用穴位测定治疗仪在对应人体的外关、内关、昆仑、太溪经穴处对家兔的经穴定位,经穴位注入磷[32P]酸氢钠（sodium phosphate,Na2H32PO4）,用32P整体和光镜放射自显影术对家兔经脉循行路线进行宏观及细胞水平显示,观察家兔经脉循行路线走向、形状及分布在何种组织结构中。结果实验获得了家兔经脉循行路线整体放射自显影像,影像线性较宽,形状单一且较粗大,影像走向与通过家兔皮肤导电量测定获得的经穴走向相似。光镜放射自显影术研究发现32P大量分布在表皮层中。结论结果表明家兔体表存在与人体相近的具有低阻抗性的经穴,32P放射自显影术可以实现家兔经脉循行路线的宏观显示,家兔人体经脉循行路线的组织结构与人体经脉循行路线的组织结构相似。     

磷[32P]核素示踪家兔经脉循行路线的实验研究

目的 在家兔经脉循行路线宏观显示基础上,进一步进行细胞水平的研究.方法 用穴位测定治疗仪在对应人体的外关、内关、昆仑、太溪经穴处对家兔的经穴定位,经穴位注入磷[32P]酸氢钠(sodium phosphate,Na2H32PO4),用32p 整体和光镜放射自显影术对家兔经脉循行路线进行宏观及细胞水平显示,观察家兔经脉循行路线走向、形状及分布在何种组织结构中.结果 实验获得了家兔经脉循行路线整体放射自显影像,影像线性较宽,形状单一且较粗大,影像走向与通过家兔皮肤导电量测定获得的经穴走向相似.光镜放射自显影术研究发现32P大量分布在表皮层中.结论 结果表明家兔体表存在与人体相近的具有低阻抗性的经穴,32P放射自显影术可以实现家兔经脉循行路线的宏观显示,家兔人体经脉循行路线的组织结构与人体经脉循行路线的组织结构相似.     

用32P光镜放射自显影示踪术对人体经脉循行路线组织结构的研究

目的 :研究人体经脉循行路线的组织结构究竟是什么的问题。方法 :用32 P光镜放射自显影示踪技术对人体经脉循行路线进行了 2例组织结构的研究。结果 :发现32 P不但大量分布在表皮的生发层中 ,而且还广泛分布于皮神经纤维和触觉小体内。结论 :提示人体经脉循行路线的组织结构与皮神经纤维的关系十分密切     

用^32P光镜放射自显影示踪对人体经脉循行路线组织结构的研究

目的：研究人体经脉循行路线的组织结构究竟是什么的问题。方法：用^32P光镜放射自显影示踪技术对人体经脉循行路线进行了2例组织结构的研究。结果：发现^32P不但大量分布在表皮的生发层中，而且还广泛分布于皮神经纤维和触觉小体内。结论：提示人体经脉循行路线的组织结构与皮神经纤维的关系十分密切。     

用~(32)P整体放射自显影技术对足三阴经循行路线在三阴交穴相交几率的研究

目的和方法：用~(３２)Ｐ整体放射自显影技术,研究人体足三阴经循行路线在三阴交穴相交与否的几率。结果：在１００例阳性病人中,出现点状影像者７例,一条影像者４４例,二条影像者３６例,三条影像者１３例,在三阴交穴三经不相交者１１例,三经相交者２例。结论：研究表明人体十二经脉循行路线的多样性,它同样符合生物多样性的规律。     

用^32P整体放射自显影技术对足三阴经循行路线在三阴交穴相交几率 …

目的和方法，和＾３２Ｐ整体放射自显影技术，研究人体足三阴经循行路线在三阴交穴相交与否的几率，结果：在１００例阳性病人中，出现点状影像者７例，一条影者４４例，二条影者３６例，三条影像者１３例，在三阴交穴三经不相交者１１例，三经相交者２例。结论：研究表明人体十二经脉循行路线的多样性，它同样符合生物多样性的规律。     

核素循经迁移路线在实体结构上的初步定位

目的:观察穴位注入核素后在具体实体结构上的循经迁移路线。方法:将131I分别注入大鼠“后三里”、“关元”腧穴,分别切取大鼠胃经和任脉沿线向心方向的脂肪条带结构、或其两侧肌组织及与之相对应的皮肤,进行放射自显影。结果:只有131I注射侧的胃经及任脉沿线脂肪条带结构上才显现出核素循行的轨迹。结论:经脉沿线脂肪条带结构与经脉线似具有重要相关性。     

激光针灸内关穴的单盲对照实验及图像处理

目的 通过对心包经原穴内关穴进行激光针灸实验,探讨人体心包经循行路线的规律.方法 应用单盲随机对照实验研究,根据随机数字表法将志愿者分为实验组(n=40)和对照组(n=40).实验组用激光针灸心包经原穴内关穴,对照组未施加激光静躺同样的时间.用热像显示法观察并记录相应经脉体表温度的变化,分析心包经经脉上相应穴位的温度和穴位旁开位温度.结合Matlab图像分析软件,对激光针灸前后的手臂体表热像图进行图像配准并相减得到温差效应图.最后对比和分析实验组和对照组激光针灸人体手臂的温度变化.结果 实验组在刺激内关穴后,经线上穴位点升温0.811～1.492℃,经线上穴位旁开点升温0.349～0.539℃,而对照组循经线未有明显升温现象.结论 激光针灸刺激内关穴会引起正常人手厥阴心包经体表沿循行线温度升高.     

激光针灸实验及其图像处理结果

目的:观察激光针灸原穴前后人体沿经脉循行线的温度变化,探讨经脉循行的规律。方法:40名健康男性志愿者接受激光针灸肺经原穴太渊穴、大肠经原穴合谷穴,使用热层析软件观察和记录手太阴肺经循行线和手阳明大肠经循行线上体表的温度变化。使用MATLAB软件将激光针灸前后的图片配准相减,得到温差效果图。分别对经线上穴位点、经线上非穴位点以及非经非穴旁开点进行温差分析。结果:激光针灸原穴后,手太阴肺经循行线和手阳明大肠经循行线形成了与中医理论基本一致的循经高温线。经线上穴位点升温0.81～1.12℃,经线上非穴位点升温0.55～0.75℃,非经非穴旁开部位升温0.35～0.56℃。结论:激光针灸肺经原穴太渊穴会引起手太阴肺经循行线上体表温度升高,而激光针灸大肠经原穴合谷穴会引起手阳明大肠经循行线上体表的温度升高。激光针灸原穴后会引起正常人体表沿经脉循行线温度升高。     

用^32P整体放射自显影技术对足三阴经循行路线示踪的初步研究

目的和方法：应用＾３２Ｐ整体放射自显影技术，对足三阴经进行３０例循环路线的示踪研究。结果：阳性２５例，阳性率达８３．３％，其中有１５例与脾经、２１例与肾经、１９例与肝经的走向大致相符，并有１５例出现串经，尤其是在三阴交穴可见两经相交者４例，三经相交者２例。此外还进行了６例０￣４８小时与４８￣９６小时放射自显像对比，结果两者影像完全一样，唯有前者的影像黑度较后者为深。结论：＾３２Ｐ放出的β射线在机体     

Cyclic AMP receptor protein and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity in rabbit peritoneal neutrophils

The cAMP receptor protein and cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in rabbit peritoneal neutrophils have been identified. The cAMP receptor protein in either the plasma membrane or cytosol fractions, identified by photoaffinity labeling with 8-N3-[32P]cAMP, has an apparent molecular weight of 54,000. The cytosol and membrane receptor proteins have apparent dissociation constants for 8-N3-[32P]cAMP of 0.20 microM and 0.06 microM, respectively. The molecular weight and dissociation constant for 8-N3-[32P]cAMP of this cAMP receptor protein are similar to what has been known for RII, the regulatory subunit of the type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Unlike the human neutrophils, no evidence of RI activity was detected. cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity was identified by using histone as a substrate. Subcellular fractionation studies showed that the cAMP receptor protein and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity are most enriched in the cytosol fraction.     

Exploring transplacental transmission of Pneumocystis oryctolagi in first-time pregnant and multiparous rabbit does.

Pneumocystis sp. is transmitted through the airborne route and presents a high host-species-specificity. Occasional reports of Pneumocystis pneumonia in still births and newborn infants suggest that other routes of transmission, e.g. transplacental might occur. The latter has been reported in rabbits but available data indicate that transplacental transmission of Pneumocystis seems not to occur in corticosteroid-treated rats and in SCID mice. The present study was undertaken to evaluate transplacental transmission of Pneumocystis oryctolagi. The spontaneously-acquired pneumocystosis rabbit model using hybrid California/New Zealand white female rabbits was selected because of similarities among rabbit and human placentas. Three different experiments were conducted in France and Chile. Pneumocystis organisms were detected by microscopy in the lungs of pregnant does and Pneumocystis DNA was found in the lungs of fetuses from the multiparous does from the second week to the end of gestation. Pneumocystis DNA was not detected in fetuses from primiparous does. Detection of Pneumocystis oryctolagi--DNA in fetuses of multiparous does and not in those of primiparous ones, suggests that transplacental transmission may be favored by multiple gestations. Whether Pneumocystis-DNA in fetal tissues from multiparous does resulted from transplacental passage of viable transmissible forms requires further investigation.     

TT Virus as a Human Pathogen: Significance and Problems

In 1997 TTV was detected using representational difference analysis (RDA) in serum of a patient with posttransfusion hepatitis unrelated to known hepatitis viruses. The genome of TTV is a circular single-stranded DNA molecule of 3852 nt with negative polarity. TTV possibly can be grouped either into the existing family Circoviridae or into a recently established virus family Circinoviridae. Analysis of the complete DNA nucleotide sequence of TTV identified three partially overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). Neither DNA nucleotide nor corresponding amino acid sequences of TTV do show significant homologies to known sequences. TTV DNA nucleotide sequences amplified by PCR from sera of different patients show considerable sequence variations. Although the natural route of transmission of TTV is still unknown, there is clear evidence for a transmission of TTV through blood and blood products. TTV DNA can be detected in the feces of infected individuals suggesting that it may be possible to attract TTV infection from environmental sources. Since the discovery of TTV, numerous studies have investigated the prevalence of TTV infections in different human population groups all over the world. All these studies are based on PCR detection systems, but the technical aspects of the PCR systems vary significantly between the different investigators. The results of the epidemiological studies do not show a clear picture. The discovery of TTV as a viral agent and particularly the identification of a high percentage of infected carriers in the healthy human population raises the following questions: Firstly, what is the origin and molecular relatedness of TT virus. Secondly, what is the significance of TTV as a human pathogen. And thirdly, what are the exact molecular mechanisms of viral replication. To answer these questions it will be necessary to determine the primary structure and the coding capacity of several TTV patient isolates.     

A study of the concentrations of substance P and neurotensin in the gastrointestinal tract of various mammals

Immunoreactive substance P and neurotensin in extracts of the digestive tract of man, cat, guinea-pig, pig, rabbit, and rat were measured by radioimmunoassay using antisera directed against the C-terminal portions of the two peptides. In all species except the cat, the concentrations of substance P were highest in the small intestine, intermediate in the large intestine and lowest in the stomach and oesophagus: the digestive tract of the cat displayed a rather even distribution of substance P. As observed in the ileum of guinea-pig, rabbit, and rat, the external muscle layer including the myenteric plexus contained 2-5 times higher concentrations of substance P than the whole ileal wall, whereas the substance P concentrations in the mucosa were only about one sixth of those in the whole wall. High performance liquid chromatography of extracts of human, feline and rabbit ileum showed that all the immunoreactive substance P eluted at the positions of substance P and substance P sulfoxide. The distribution of immunoreactive neurotensin along the digestive system of all six species was very similar. The highest concentrations of neurotensin were measured in the distal part of the small intestine, whereas the large intestine, stomach and oesophagus contained only low concentrations of neurotensin relative to the concentrations in the ileum. As examined in the ileum of guinea-pig, rabbit, and rat, the mucosa exhibited 2.5-4 times higher concentrations of neurotensin than the whole ileal wall, while the concentrations of neutrotensin in the external muscle layer including the myenteric plexus were only 4-20% of those in the whole wall. High performance liquid chromatography of the immunoreactive neurotensin extracted from the cat ileum yielded a single peak corresponding to neurotensin while the immunoreactive neurotensin extracted from the ileum of man and rabbit was eluted in two peaks, 55 and 72% of the recovered immunoreactivity, respectively, corresponding to neurotensin. These findings are in line with the proposed roles of substance P in the neural, and neurotensin in the endocrine, control and maintenance of gastrointestinal motility.     

Differential cytokine profile in children with cystic fibrosis

The previously observed occurrence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) in patients who have cystic fibrosis (CF), together with the reported decrease in IgG2, a Th1-controlled isotype, suggests a potential for Th1/Th2 imbalance in CF patients with a possible Th2 predominance. 48 CF patients and 16 controls had levels of IFNgamma, IL-4, and IL-10 measured in supernatants of whole blood cell cultures stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phytohemaglutinine (PHA). The patients were divided into 2 groups: "low responders", having negligible secretion of cytokines (IFNgamma: 10.0-200.0 pg/ml, IL-4: 0.0-0.3 pg/ml) and "high responders", producing high levels of both IFNgamma (500.0-2000.0 pg/ml) and IL-4 (1.0-200.0 pg/ml). There was a statistically significant (P < 0.01) deterioration of lung function measured by an FEV(1) decline by 11.2% over 3 years in the "low responder" group. 10 of 16 "low responders" had chronic lung infections with P. aeruginosa while such infection was less prevalent in the "high responder" group where only 13 of 32 CF patients had positive cultures. A shift towards Th2 response was observed in the "high responder" group as children chronically infected with P. aeruginosa had greater IL-4 production than non-infected CF patients within the same cohort. ANCA autoantibodies were found only in the "high responder" group. Th2 immune response predominance in a subset of CF patients is associated with chronic P. aeruginosa infection.     

Identification of a 64-kDa protein phosphorylated with glucose in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in a cell-free system.

We previously reported that a 64-kDa protein (p64) in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was phosphorylated with [gamma-32P]ATP under a micromolar concentration of glucose in a cell-free system. The present paper presents the results of analysis of phosphorylation reaction and the identification of phosphoprotein. The findings that p64 was also phosphorylated with glucose-6-[32P]phosphate and that phosphorylation was inhibited with mannoheptulose suggested that the reaction was mediated by hexokinase. In fact, it was found that [32P]phosphate in glucose-6-[32P]phosphate was incorporated into either p64 or rabbit muscle phosphoglucomutase and that glucose-6-phosphate formation from glucose and ATP was detected in over 100-kDa fraction of PMN cytosol. These results showed that p64 was phosphoglucomutase in PMN and that phosphate incorporation into p64 was a conversion of a phosphate group in glucose-6-phosphate produced by hexokinase. It was further demonstrated by analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis that p64 phosphorylated with glucose induction was different from another 64-kDa protein phosphorylated by stimulation with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in vivo.     

Isolation and characterization of rabbit properdin of the alternative complement pathway

Rabbit factor P, which is involved in stabilizing the labile C3 convertase of the alternative complement pathway, was isolated from rabbit serum by a simple two-step procedure: polyethylene glycol precipitation and QAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography. The chemical properties, and functional activities of the rabbit P were very similar to those of human P, except that there were slight differences in the SDS-PAGE patterns of limited tryptic digests and in the amino terminal sequences. The molecular weights were estimated to be 58 000 for rabbit P and 59 000 for human P on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. The amino terminal 36 residues of rabbit P showed 78% homology to the equivalent region of human P.