急诊内镜和泰胃美联合治疗消化性溃疡大出血的疗效观察

目的　观察急诊内镜和泰胃美联合治疗消化性溃疡大出血的疗效。方法　将 87例患者分为两组进行治疗 ,急诊内镜 +泰胃美组 (治疗组 ) 4 2例 ,奥美拉唑组 (对照组 ) 4 5例。结果　治疗组的休克发生率、输血量、急诊手术率和死亡率均低于对照组 ( P<0 0 5 )。治疗组的 2 4小时止血率为 83 3% ,高于对照组 ( P<0 0 5 ) ,48小时止血率为 88 1% ,与对照组相似 ( P>0 0 5 ) ,一周内再出血率为 11 9% ,低于对照组 ( P<0 0 5 )。所有病例未出现并发症。结论　急诊内镜联合泰胃美治疗消化性溃疡大出血 ,可提高 2 4小时止血率和降低再出血率和外科手术率     

Rockall评分高危患者行急诊内镜的诊疗价值

目的:探讨急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血(acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding,ANVUGIB)Rockall评分高危患者行急诊内镜的诊疗价值.方法:对2011-08/2013-12山西煤炭中心医院消化内科55例ANVUGIB Rockall评分高危患者的临床资料、治疗方法及治疗结果作回顾性分析研究,其中出血后24-48 h内行急诊内镜检查患者30例,出血后3-5 d行内镜检查患者25例,比较行急诊内镜组与非急诊内镜组的病因检出率、住院花费、住院时间、输血量、死亡率等指标.结果:急诊内镜组与非急诊内镜组的出血病因构成差异无统计学意义(P0.05);急诊内镜组病因确诊率高于非急诊内镜组(93.33%vs 56.00%)(P=0.0010.01);急诊内镜组住院时间和住院费用及输血量显著低于非急诊内镜组(10.0 d±6.7 d vs 16.4 d±7.3 d,13034.4元±9967.2元vs 14110.2元±9780.8元,1180.7 m L±634.7 m L vs 1420 m L±725.9 m L)(P0.05);急诊内镜组死亡率低于非急诊内镜组(6.67%vs 12.00%)(P0.05).结论:对于ANVUGIB Rockall评分高危患者,行急诊内镜检查虽不能明显降低其死亡率,但可以显著改善其医疗过程,有利于临床,其优势尚待大样本的临床研究.     

不同剂量生长抑素联合内镜下套扎术治疗肝硬化并消化道出血的疗效及对凝血功能的影响

目的:比较不同剂量生长抑素联合内镜下套扎术治疗肝硬化并消化道出血的疗效及对凝血功能的影响。方法:选取96例肝硬化并消化道出血患者并根据随机数字表分为对照组和观察组，两组患者均实施内镜下套扎术。对照组患者予以常规剂量生长抑素(0.25μg/h持续泵注),观察组患者予以高剂量生长抑素(0.5μg/h持续泵注),均给药5 d。比较两组患者手术相关指标(套扎次数、套扎环数、术后止血率、早期和迟发再出血发生率),治疗前后凝血功能，不良反应和术后1个月内并发症发生率。结果:两组患者一般资料比较均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者术后肠鸣音恢复时间、住院时间均短于对照组[(10.25±2.08)d vs(13.22±2.14)d、(5.93±0.85)d vs(6.75±1.08)d](P<0.05);观察组患者总有效率高于对照组(97.92%vs 85.42%,P<0.05),早期再出血发生率低于对照组(18.75%vs 4.17%,P<0.05),两组患者套扎次数、套扎环数、术后止血率、迟发再出血发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组患者凝...     

急诊内镜在急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血中的诊疗价值

急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血（ANVUGIB）是临床常见急症之一,随着内镜技术的普及,急诊内镜已成为ANVUGIB的首选诊治方法。目的：探讨急诊内镜在ANVUGIB中的诊疗价值。方法：连续纳入2008年1月～2010年7月上海仁济医院确诊的ANVUGIB患者215例．回顾性分析患者的临床资料,比较急诊内镜组（出血48h内行胃镜检查）和择期内镜组（〉48h行胃镜检查）的ANVUGIB病因检出率以及急诊内镜治疗组和内科保守治疗组的止血有效率、再出血率和手术率。结果：消化性溃疡、消化道肿瘤和糜烂出血性胃炎是本组ANVUGIB患者的三大病因,以消化性溃疡最为常见。急诊内镜组的病因检出率显著高于择期内镜组（P〈0．05）;急诊内镜治疗组的止血有效率显著高于内科保守治疗组．再出血率和手术率显著低于内科保守治疗组（P〈0．05）。结论：对ANVUGIB患者,急诊内镜是迅速安全、疗效确切的诊疗方法,值得在临床推广应用。     

急诊内镜在急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血治疗的应用

目的:探讨急诊内镜对急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的治疗效果.方法:回顾性分析天津市咸水沽医院2010-03/2013-09收治的126例行急诊内镜及择期内镜诊疗急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血患者的病例资料,总结急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的病因,分析比较两组的阳性检出率、止血成功率、再出血率、手术率及住院时间.结果:患者上消化道出血病因以消化系溃疡(44.4%)、急性胃黏膜病变(12.7%)和消化系肿瘤(11.9%)为主;126例患者内镜下检出阳性病变116例,阳性检出率92.1%,其中急诊内镜组(97.1%)明显高于择期内镜组(85.7%),两组阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(P0.05);急诊内镜组的再出血发生率(2.9%)、手术率(1.5%)、住院时间显著低于择期内镜组(P0.05).结论:急诊内镜治疗急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血方便快捷、起效迅速、疗效确切、且创伤性小,可明显改善患者预后,是其首选诊疗方式.     

急诊胃镜组织胶注射与金属夹联合肾上腺素血凝酶注射对急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血疗效及安全性的比较

目的 探讨急诊胃镜下组织胶注射与金属夹联合肾上腺素血凝酶注射对急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血(ANVUGIB)的疗效及安全性。方法 选取ANVUGIB患者100例,根据治疗方案分为治疗组和对照组,每组50例。在常规治疗的基础上,治疗组予急诊胃镜下组织胶注射止血治疗,对照组予急诊胃镜下金属夹联合肾上腺素及血凝酶注射止血治疗。分析比较两组治疗的有效率、内镜即时止血成功率、术后短期内再出血率、内镜下止血耗时、住院时间、输血量及不良反应发生率。结果 治疗组总有效率96%,对照组总有效率84%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组50例均成功即时止血,对照组成功即时止血42例,止血成功率84%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组7天内再出血2例,复发率4%,对照组7天内再出血8例,复发率16%,两组短期内再出血率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组的内镜下止血耗时平均约12.22±2.77 min,对照组的内镜下止血耗时平均为19.98±6.23 min,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组的住院时间平均7.84±2.46 d,...     

氩离子凝固术治疗胃十二指肠出血的疗效及对应激反应的影响

目的探讨氩离子凝固术(APC)对胃十二指肠出血患者的疗效和对应激反应的影响。方法选取新疆军区总医院2016年5月至2017年9月收治的胃十二指肠出血患者98例,按治疗方法不同分为两组,对照组49例,给予内镜下肾上腺素注射止血治疗;观察组49例,给予内镜下APC治疗。比较两组临床疗效、初次止血的成功率、再次出血率、转急诊手术率及死亡率;观察皮质醇(cortisol,Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)及肾上腺素(epinephrine,E)等应激反应指标的变化;记录住院相关指标(出血量、输血量、止血时间及住院时间)及并发症发生情况。结果观察组总有效率为97. 9%,对照组为85. 7%,观察组临床疗效显著优于对照组(P 0. 05)。两组初次止血率、再次出血率、转急诊手术率及死亡率等治疗指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。两组Cor、NE及E等应激反应指标较治疗前明显降低(P 0. 05),且观察组比显著低于对照组(P 0. 05)。观察组的出血量、输血量、止血时间及住院时间等住院相关指标均显著低于对照组(P 0. 05)。观察组术后并发症总发生率为6.1%,显著低于对照组的20. 4%(P 0. 05)。结论内镜下APC对胃十二指肠出血患者的疗效显著,可以有效减轻患者应激反应,减少出血量,缩短出血时间,并可降低术后并发症的发生。     

不同内镜检查时间对肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者再出血及预后的影响

目的 探讨不同内镜检查时间对肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血(GEVB)患者再出血及预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析2019年5月至2022年7月西安交通大学第二附属医院收治的156例肝硬化GEVB患者的临床资料,按内镜检查时间不同分为A组(n=75)和B组(n=81),A组患者在入院12 h内行内镜检查,B组患者在入院12～24 h之间行内镜检查,分析两组输血量、住院时间、住院费用、并发症、出血部位检出率、止血效果、再出血情况及预后,对比两组检查前后临床指标变化。结果 A组输血量、住院时间、住院费、并发症发生率明显低于B组(P<0.05);两组患者钠、钾、C反应蛋白(CRP)、静脉曲张直径、门静脉宽度、脾静脉宽度、门静脉流速两组检查前后对比无差异(P>0.05),两组检查前血红蛋白水平相比无差异(P>0.05),检查后B组血红蛋白水平明显低于A组(P<0.05);两组出血部位检出率、死亡率无明显差异(P>0.05),A组止血成功率明显高于B组,再出血发生率明显低于B组(P<0.05)。结论 肝硬化GEVB患者的内镜检查中,在12 h内行内镜检查,能明显减...     

联合应用特利加压素和内镜套扎治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血

目的:观察评价特利加压素、内镜套扎和联合上述两种方法治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效.方法:56例患者分为三组,其中特利加压素组19例,内镜套扎组20例,联合治疗组17例.结果:72小时止血率在三组分别为68.4%,80%和94.l%;一周内再出血率为30.8%,12.5%和6.3%;急诊手术率为26.3%,21.1% 和5.9%.联合治疗组的72小时止血率明显高于其他两组(P<0.05),一周再出血率和急诊手术率低于其他两组(P<0.05) .特利加压素组和内镜套扎组的72小时止血率则没有差别(P>0.05 ).结论:食管静脉曲张破裂出血时联合应用特利加压素和内镜套扎治疗可以提高止血率、降低近期再出血率和急诊外科手术率.     

溃疡病非喷射性出血内镜征象与转归的关系

目的　比较溃疡病合并非喷射性出血患者不同内镜征象者临床表现、内镜治疗效果及转归的差异。方法　参考Forrest分级将143 例患者分为3 组:单纯渗血(Ⅰb)、渗血伴血管裸露(Ⅰb Ⅱa)和渗血伴血凝块(Ⅰb Ⅱb)。所有患者均接受内镜药物喷洒治疗,未止血者继续予内镜下注射治疗,反复大出血者外科手术。结果　内镜喷洒的即时止血率为Ⅰb 50.0% ,Ⅰb Ⅱa 0.0% ,Ⅰb Ⅱb 25.4% ;注射的即刻止血率均为100.0% 。3种不同征象的患者治疗后的再出血率为15.0% ～23.5% ,差异无显著性意义;注射治疗的再出血率低于喷洒治疗(13.7% 与37.5% ,P< 0.01)。4.0%～9.0% 的病例需要手术治疗,各组之间手术率差异无显著性意义。结论　Ⅰb Ⅱa、Ⅰb Ⅱb 者临床表现较重。内镜下注射治疗的即时效果优于喷洒治疗,且再出血的发生率较低。经内镜成功治疗的患者,尤其是接受注射者再出血和手术率与内镜征象无关     

Effect of intravenous proton pump inhibitor regimens and timing of endoscopy on clinical outcomes of peptic ulcer bleeding

Background and Aim: The most effective schedule of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) administration and the optimal timing of endoscopy in acute peptic ulcer bleeding remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine the most efficient PPI regimen and optimal timing of endoscopy. Methods: Consecutive patients with suspected bleeding peptic ulcers were enrolled and randomized to receive either a standard regimen or a high‐dose intensive intravenous regimen. Only patients with bleeding peptic ulcers diagnosed at initial endoscopy continued the study. High‐risk patients received endoscopic hemostasis. The primary outcome measure of recurrent bleeding was compared between the two dosage regimens and between early and late endoscopy. Secondary outcome measures compared included need for endoscopic treatment, blood transfusion, hospital stay, surgery and mortality. Results: A total of 875 patients completed the study. Recurrent bleeding occurred in 11.0% in the standard regimen group, statistically higher than that in the intensive regimen group (6.4%, P = 0.02). Mean units of blood transfused and duration of hospital stay were also higher in the standard regimen group (P < 0.001 for each compared to intensive regimen group). However, no significant differences were noted between the two groups in the need for endoscopic hemostasis, need for surgery, and mortality. Recurrence of bleeding was similar between the early and late endoscopy groups. Units of blood transfused and length of hospital stay were both significantly reduced with early endoscopy. Conclusion: High‐dose PPI infusion is more efficacious in reducing rebleeding rate, blood transfusion requirements and hospital stay. Early endoscopy is safe and more effective than late endoscopy.     

Efficacy of endoscopic isotonic saline-epinephrine injection for the management of active Mallory-Weiss tears

Therapeutic endoscopy with isotonic saline-epinephrine (ISE) injection is a convenient and widely used procedure for hemostasis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We retrospectively evaluated 36 patients (from January 1996 to April 1999) who had been diagnosed with recent or active bleeding due to Mallory-Weiss tears in emergency endoscopic examination. The endoscopic hemostatic method with ISE injection was performed in 15 of 36 patients. The other 21 patients received conservative treatment with hemodynamic support. Patient's clinical data, laboratory data, transfusion requirements, endoscopic findings, and length of hospital stays were evaluated. Initial hemoglobin was significantly lower in the ISE group than the conservative treatment group (9.74 +/- 2.86 g/dL vs. 12.57 +/- 2.80 g/dL, respectively; p < 0.01). Mean transfusion requirements were significantly higher in the ISE group than the conservative treatment group (7.26 +/- 8.78 units vs. 2.85 +/- 6.21 units, respectively; p < 0.1). Patients in the ISE group were supposed to be having a more severe bleeding episode. Most patients achieved initial hemostasis in the ISE group and the conservative treatment group (93% and 95%, respectively). The rebleeding rate was also similar in both groups (1 in 15 in the ISE group and I in 21 in the conservative treatment group). There was no significant difference in length of hospital stay and rebleeding between these two groups (3.47 +/- 1.92 days vs. 2.47 +/- 1.47 days, respectively: p = 0.89). The endoscopic ISE injection is an inexpensive, simple, convenient therapeutic method and it can achieve initial hemostasis for active Mallory-Weiss tears.     

Endoscopic injection therapy in bleeding Mallory-Weiss syndrome: A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic injection is widely used in the therapy of bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers, but its role in the management of bleeding Mallory-Weiss tears has not been properly assessed. METHODS: Sixty-three patients undergoing emergency endoscopy in whom there was a high index of suspicion that a Mallory-Weiss tear was the source of bleeding were randomly assigned to undergo endoscopic injection therapy (epinephrine and polidocanol) or no endoscopic therapy in 2 university-affiliated hospitals. Rates of recurrent bleeding, transfusion requirements, complications, mortality, and length of hospital stay were determined for both groups of patients. RESULTS: Bleeding recurred in 8 patients in the control group versus only 2 in the endoscopic treatment group (25.8% vs. 6.2%, p < 0.05). Hospital stay was longer for the control group (5.5 +/- 0.2, median 6.0, range 2.0-8.0 days vs. 3.4 +/- 0.2, median 3.0, range 2.0-6.0 days; p < 0.001). There was a trend toward a higher transfusion requirement after endoscopy in the control group versus the patients treated by injection (0.9 +/- 0.2, median 0.0, range 0.0-4.0 units vs. 0.2 +/- 0.1, median 0.0, range 0.0-2.0 units; p = 0.09). No complications or adverse events caused by endoscopic injection were noted. Two patients in the control group died of causes unrelated to bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic injection therapy is a useful option in the management of patients with Mallory-Weiss syndrome at high risk for recurrent bleeding.     

Adherence to guidelines: A national audit of the management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The REASON registry

OBJECTIVES:

To assess process of care in nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) using a national cohort, and to identify predictors of adherence to ‘best practice’ standards.

METHODS:

Consecutive charts of patients hospitalized for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding across 21 Canadian hospitals were reviewed. Data regarding initial presentation, endoscopic management and outcomes were collected. Results were compared with ‘best practice’ using established guidelines on NVUGIB. Adherence was quantified and independent predictors were evaluated using multivariable analysis.

RESULTS:

Overall, 2020 patients (89.4% NVUGIB, variceal in 10.6%) were included (mean [± SD] age 66.3±16.4 years; 38.4% female). Endoscopy was performed in 1612 patients: 1533 with NVUGIB had endoscopic lesions (63.1% ulcers; high-risk stigmata in 47.8%). Early endoscopy was performed in 65.6% and an assistant was present in 83.5%. Only 64.5% of patients with high-risk stigmata received endoscopic hemostasis; 9.8% of patients exhibiting low-risk stigmata also did. Intravenous proton pump inhibitor was administered after endoscopic hemostasis in 95.7%. Rebleeding and mortality rates were 10.5% and 9.4%, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that low American Society of Anesthesiologists score patients had fewer assistants present during endoscopy (OR 0.63 [95% CI 0.48 to 0.83), a hemoglobin level <70 g/L predicted inappropriate high-dose intravenous proton pump inhibitor use in patients with low-risk stigmata, and endoscopies performed during regular hours were associated with longer delays from presentation (OR 0.33 [95% CI 0.24 to 0.47]).

CONCLUSION:

There was variability between the process of care and ‘best practice’ in NVUGIB. Certain patient and situational characteristics may influence guideline adherence. Dissemination initiatives must identify and focus on such considerations to improve quality of care.     

内镜止血联合PPI抑制剂静脉泵入治疗老年消化性溃疡出血的临床疗效

目的:观察内镜止血联合PPI抑制剂静脉泵入对老年消化性溃疡出血患者的疗效。方法:选取老年消化性溃疡出血患者84例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组42例,对照组给予单纯静脉泵入埃索美拉唑治疗,治疗组患者先在内镜下行止血治疗,随后联合静脉泵入埃索美拉唑。观察2组患者治疗后的止血效果、临床预后情况。结果:治疗后治疗组患者的平均止血时间、输血量和住院时间均明显低于对照组(均P0.05)。治疗组48 h内出血停止患者明显多于对照组(88.09%vs 80.95%,P0.05);治疗组转开腹手术治疗和发生止血后再出血各1例,明显少于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组(95.23%vs 85.71%,P0.05)。结论:内镜下止血联合PPI抑制剂静脉泵入治疗老年消化性溃疡出血,止血有效率高,平均止血时间、住院时间短,是临床上有效的止血方法。     

A prospective randomized trial from Turkey comparing octreotide versus injection sclerotherapy in acute variceal bleeding

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Bleeding from gastroesophageal varices continues to be a life threatening complication of chronic liver diseases and portal hypertension. The purpose of this randomized prospective study is to compare the efficacy of octreotide administration and emergency injection sclerotherapy for the control of actively bleeding esophageal varices and prevention of early rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis. METHODOLOGY: A total of 66 episodes of endoscopically proven active variceal bleeding in 52 patients were included in this study. Following admission to the hospital, the patients were resuscitated with blood and plasma, and fiberoptic endoscopy was performed within 2 hours. Thirty-six bleeds in 28 patients and 30 bleeds in 24 patients were randomized to endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy (1% polidocanol) and to octreotide infusion (at 50 micrograms/h for 12 hours following the initial 50 micrograms i.v. bolus), respectively. RESULTS: Bleeding was initially controlled within 6 hours in 75% of episodes by endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy and in 73.3 by octreotide infusion (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in early rebleeding (within 72 hours of randomization) (22% vs. 22.7%), blood transfusion (4.2 +/- 1.8 units vs. 4.8 +/- 2.9 units), or hospital mortality (3.6% vs. 3.3%). Treatment failed in 9 episodes (25%) in the sclerotherapy group and in 8 episodes (26.7%) in the octreotide group. CONCLUSIONS: We consider that Octreotide would appear to be as effective as sclerotherapy in both the early control of variceal hemorrhage and in the prevention of early recurrent bleeding and should therefore be considered the treatment of choice in those centers where 24-hour endoscopy is not available. Furthermore, even in hospitals that do have a 24-hour endoscopy service there is good evidence that octreotide therapy should be commenced as soon as a patient enters hospital with a suspected variceal bleed to achieve rapid homeostasis. When initial hemostasis is achieved, elective endoscopic therapies can be undertaken with greater success.     

Epinephrine or epinephrine plus alcohol for injection of bleeding ulcers: a prospective randomized trial

Background: Rebleeding following epinephrine injection of bleeding peptic ulcers occurs in 10% to 20% of all cases. The addition of a sclerosant has the theoretical advantage of inducing vessel thrombosis and permanent hemostasis. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare injections with epinephrine alone or epinephrine plus absolute alcohol in patients with actively bleeding ulcers at endoscopy. Repeat endoscopy was performed 24 hours later; treatment was repeated in the presence of endoscopic signs of rebleeding. Surgery was performed when arterial bleeding could not be controlled endoscopically, clinical rebleeding with hematemesis or shock occurred, or the transfusion total exceeded 8 units. Results: One hundred sixty patients were enrolled (epinephrine alone, 81; epinephrine and absolute alcohol, 79). They were matched in age, sex, location of ulcers, hemoglobin on admission, shock, and severity of bleeding. Initial hemostasis was comparable: 79 of 81 with epinephrine alone (97.5%) versus 75 of 79 with epinephrine and absolute alcohol (94.9%). No difference was observed between the two with respect to either rebleeding (9 vs 6), need for emergency operation (12 vs 9), transfusion requirement (median, three units vs two units), hospital stay (median, 5 days vs 4 days), mortality (4 vs 7) and ulcer healing at 4 weeks (50 vs 46). Conclusions: The additional injection of absolute alcohol after endoscopic epinephrine injection confers no advantage. (Gastrointest Endosc 1996;43:591-5.)     

The management of bleeding peptic ulcer in the elderly with heater probe thermocoagulation

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of bleeding peptic ulcers in the elderly with those in younger patients, retrospectively. METHODOLOGY: Between 1986 and 1994, 274 patients with bleeding peptic ulcers were treated with heater probe endoscopically. They were divided into 2 groups: 48 in the elder group (70 years of age or older) and 226 in the younger group (<70). We evaluated the rate of concomitant disease, rebleeding rate, incidence of emergency surgery, mortality and blood transfusion requirement between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The incidence of concomitant disease was significantly higher in the elderly group (83.3%) than in the younger group (33.3%) (p<0.01). The rate of rebleeding (younger group 23.5% vs. elderly group 31.3%), the incidence of emergency surgery (5.8% vs. 6.3%, respectively) and the rate of mortality due to hemorrhage (2.2% vs. 4.2%, respectively) were similar in the 2 groups. There was no significant difference in the mean volume of blood transfused. CONCLUSIONS: It was revealed that aggressive endoscopic hemostasis improved the mortality rate and the incidence of emergency surgery in elderly patients as well as in younger patients, provided that their general condition was monitored carefully.     

Injection or heat probe for bleeding ulcer

A prospective randomized trial was performed to compare the efficacy of endoscopic epinephrine injection and heat probe treatment in actively bleeding peptic ulcers. Emergency endoscopy in 1758 patients over an 18-month period identified 132 patients with active ulcer bleeding. They were randomized to receive either endoscopic epinephrine injection or heat probe treatment. After endoscopy, the patients were transferred to the surgical gastroenterology ward and were managed by surgeons unaware of the treatment option. Bleeding was initially controlled in 96% by epinephrine injection and in 83% by heat probe (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in outcome as measured by transfusion requirement (4.5 units vs. 3.8 units), emergency surgery (20% vs. 22%), hospital stay (8 days vs. 7 days), and mortality (2 vs. 4) between the injection group and the heat probe group. Two patients in the heat probe group experienced perforation. We conclude that both endoscopic epinephrine injection and heat probe treatment are effective in stopping bleeding from actively bleeding ulcers. Epinephrine injection is technically easier to perform and has a higher initial success rate.     

Somatostatin adjunctive therapy for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal rebleeding after endoscopic therapy

AIM:To evaluate the effect of pantoprazole with a somatostatin adjunct in patients with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB).METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospective database in a tertiary care university hospital.From October 2006 to October 2008,we enrolled 101 patients with NVUGIB that had a high-risk stigma on endoscopy.Within 24 h of hospital admission,all patients underwent endoscopic therapy.After successful endoscopic hemostasis,all patients received an 80...